scholarly journals Historical Global Tropical Cyclone Landfalls*

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 4729-4735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Weinkle ◽  
Ryan Maue ◽  
Roger Pielke
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Global Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Major Hurricane ◽  
Storm Frequency

Abstract In recent decades, economic damage from tropical cyclones (TCs) around the world has increased dramatically. Scientific literature published to date finds that the increase in losses can be explained entirely by societal changes (such as increasing wealth, structures, population, etc.) in locations prone to tropical cyclone landfalls, rather than by changes in annual storm frequency or intensity. However, no homogenized dataset of global tropical cyclone landfalls has been created that might serve as a consistency check for such economic normalization studies. Using currently available historical TC best-track records, a global database focused on hurricane-force strength landfalls was constructed. The analysis does not indicate significant long-period global or individual basin trends in the frequency or intensity of landfalling TCs of minor or major hurricane strength. The evidence in this study provides strong support for the conclusion that increasing damage around the world during the past several decades can be explained entirely by increasing wealth in locations prone to TC landfalls, which adds confidence to the fidelity of economic normalization analyses.

The Libraries of Newton, Hooke and Boyle

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Sir Isaac Newton ◽  
Robert Boyle ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The demand and search for the scientific literature of the past has grown enormously in the last twenty years. In an age as conscious as ours of the significance of science to mankind, some scientists naturally turned their thoughts to the origins of science as we know it, how scientific theories grew and how discoveries were made. Both institutions and individual scientists partake in these interests and form collections of books necessary for their study. How did their predecessors fare in this respect? They, of course, formed their libraries at a time when books were easy to find—and cheap. But what did they select for their particular reading? For example, what did the libraries of the three greatest scientists of the seventeenth century, Sir Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke and Robert Boyle, look like? Fortunately in the case of Newton, the history of his books is now fairly clear, thanks to the devoted labours of Colonel R . de Villamil (i), but it is a sad reflection on our attitude to our great intellectual leaders that this library o f the greatest English scientist, whose work changed the world for hundreds of years, was not taken care of, was, in fact, forgotten and at times entirely neglected.

scholarly journals Natural Bioactive Molecules as Potential Agents Against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Yawen Wang ◽  
Yiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
The World

In the past two decades, pandemics of several fatal coronaviruses have posed enormous challenges for public health, including SARS-CoV (2003), MERS-CoV (2012), and SARS-CoV-2 (2019). Among these, SARS-CoV-2 continues to ravage the world today and has lead to millions of deaths and incalculable economic damage. Till now, there is no clinically proven antiviral drug available for SARS-CoV-2. However, the bioactive molecules of natural origin, especially medicinal plants, have been proven to be potential resources in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, acting at different stages of the viral life cycle and targeting different viral or host proteins, such as PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRp, helicase, spike, ACE2, and TMPRSS2. They provide a viable strategy to develop therapeutic agents. This review presents fundamental biological information on SARS-CoV-2, including the viral biological characteristics and invasion mechanisms. It also summarizes the reported natural bioactive molecules with anti-coronavirus properties, arranged by their different targets in the life cycle of viral infection of human cells, and discusses the prospects of these bioactive molecules for the treatment of COVID-19.

Unresolved problems of the evaluation of myocardial blood supply

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
V. E. Milyukov ◽  
Tat’yana S. Zharikova
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The World ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Timely Treatment

Over the past few decades, a steady rise in the incidence, morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases has been observed throughout the world. The most common pathology is coronary heart disease (CHD) which, in addition, is responsible for chronic heart failure in more than one third of the cases. Patients with coronary heart disease are in need of early diagnosis and timely treatment. This article provides an overview of current scientific literature concerning anatomy of coronary vessels, their age-related changes, and modern radiological diagnostic methods of the lesions associated with coronary artery disease.

scholarly journals When fiction becomes fact: exaggerating host manipulation by parasites

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1936) ◽  
pp. 20201081
Author(s):  
Jean-François Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Host Manipulation ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Host Parasite

In an era where some find fake news around every corner, the use of sensationalism has inevitably found its way into the scientific literature. This is especially the case for host manipulation by parasites, a phenomenon in which a parasite causes remarkable change in the appearance or behaviour of its host. This concept, which has deservedly garnered popular interest throughout the world in recent years, is nearly 50 years old. In the past two decades, the use of scientific metaphors, including anthropomorphisms and science fiction, to describe host manipulation has become more and more prevalent. It is possible that the repeated use of such catchy, yet misleading words in both the popular media and the scientific literature could unintentionally hamper our understanding of the complexity and extent of host manipulation, ultimately shaping its narrative in part or in full. In this commentary, the impacts of exaggerating host manipulation are brought to light by examining trends in the use of embellishing words. By looking at key examples of exaggerated claims from widely reported host–parasite systems found in the recent scientific literature, it would appear that some of the fiction surrounding host manipulation has since become fact.

scholarly journals THEORETICALJUSTIFICATIONOF ESSENCES OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Anna Viacheslavivna Tsybrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Abstract. Today, commerce is undergoing radical changes as a result of active introduction of new digital technologies that have changed the basic principles of the above field over the past ten year of the whole field of trade, which is developing very rapidly around the world.Thisdeterminestherelevanceofresearchtodeepentheoreticalandmethodologicalprovisionsof its development.Within the article, the issue of defining the essence of the category "e-commerce" is considered. It is noted that active development of this type of commerce in the world actualizes this area of research and determines the importance of deepening theoretical and methodological provisions of e-commerce, the formation of appropriate institutional support to intensify its further functioning. In the article, based on the application of the method of the content analysis, concepts of the essence consideration of "e-commerce" available in the scientific literature are singled out and analyzed. The presence of a significant number of such approaches has been established, which has determined the need to systematize them in separate areas. Thus, five holistic, generalized groups of conceptshave been identified for scientists to interpret the essence of e-commerce, namely: functional, interactive, structural, component and static. Within the article, the essence of each of the concepts is analyzed, and its own understanding of the content ofthe category "e-commerce" is offered: е-commerceisaseparatetypeofe-business, theessenceofwhichistheformationanddevelopmentofeconomicrelationsbetweeneconomicagentsintheprocessofselling, purchasinggoodsandservicesontheInternet,theuseofdigitalmarketingtechnologiesfortheirsale, electronicsystemstopayfortheirvalue in order to meet the demand for these goods and services and to make profit.

scholarly journals <i>SoilErosionDB</i>: A global database for surface runoff and soil erosion evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshi Jian ◽  
Xuan Du ◽  
Ryan D. Stewart ◽  
Zeli Tan ◽  
Ben Bond-Lamberty
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Soil erosion is a major threat to soil resources, continuing to cause environmental degradation and social poverty in many parts of the world. Many field and laboratory experiments have been performed over the past century to study spatio-temporal patterns of soil erosion caused by surface runoff under different environmental conditions. However, these historical data have never been integrated together in a way that can inform current and future efforts to understand and model soil erosion at different scales. Here, we designed a database (SoilErosionDB) to compile field and laboratory measurements of soil erosion caused by surface runoff, with data coming from sites across the globe. The SoilErosionDB includes 18 columns for soil erosion related indicators and 73 columns for background information that describe factors such as latitude, longitude, climate, elevation, and soil type. Currently, measurements from 99 geographic sites and 22 countries around the world have been compiled into SoilErosionDB. We provide examples of linking SoilErosionDB with an external climate dataset and using annual precipitation to explain annual soil erosion variability under different environmental conditions. All data and code to reproduce the results in this study can be found at: Jian, J., Du, X., Stewart, R., Tan, Z. and Bond-Lamberty, B.: jinshijian/SoilErosionDB: First release of SoilErosionDB, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4030875, 2020b. All data are also available through GitHub: https://github.com/jinshijian/SoilErosionDB.

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF PERTUSSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
Valentyna I. Ilchenko ◽  
Liudmyla М. Sіzova ◽  
Svitlana М. Tanianskaia ◽  
Inna N. Nesina ◽  
Kateryna V. Pikul
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Timely Diagnosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Generalization Of Data

Introduction: Recently, there has been a tendency to increase the incidence of pertussis in many countries of the world and this disease in these countries is among 10 most serious causes of death in young children. The aim of the work − is to analyze specialized scientific literature for generalization of data and present a modern look at questions of etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and immunoprophylaxis of pertussis. Materials and methods: Available scientific sources over the past years, devoted to the problem of pertussis are studied by the methods of overview, system and content analysis. Review and conclusions: The main questions of pertussis are outlined. Timely diagnosis, treatment and immunoprophylaxis allow adjusting the actions of doctors to solve the issues of the decrease of the incidence of pertussis. This is greatly helped by modern guidelines for the management of patients with this pathology.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

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