scholarly journals Vaping Exacerbates Coronavirus-Related Pulmonary Infection in a Murine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Sivaraman ◽  
De’Jana Parker ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Myles M. Jones ◽  
Rob U. Onyenwoke
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Though the current preponderance of evidence indicates the toxicity associated with the smoking of tobacco products through conventional means, less is known about the role of “vaping” in respiratory disease. “Vaping” is described as the use of electronic cigarettes (E-Cigarettes or E-Cigs), which has only more recently been available to the public (∼10 years) but has quickly emerged as a popular means of tobacco consumption worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can easily be transmitted between people in close proximity through direct contact or respiratory droplets to develop coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). Symptoms of COVID-19 range from a mild flu-like illness with high fever to severe respiratory distress syndrome and death. The risk factors for increased disease severity remain unclear. Herein, we utilize a murine-tropic coronavirus (beta coronavirus) MHV-A59 along with a mouse model and measures of pathology (lung weight/dry ratios and histopathology) and inflammation (ELISAs and cytokine array panels) to examine whether vaping may exacerbate the pulmonary disease severity of coronavirus disease. While vaping alone did result in some noted pathology, mice exposed with intranasal vaped e-liquid suffered more severe mortality due to pulmonary inflammation than controls when exposed to coronavirus infection. Our data suggest a role for vaping in increased coronavirus pulmonary disease in a mouse model. Furthermore, our data indicate that disease exacerbation may involve calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation, identifying a potential therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its impact on assisted reproductive technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Vyshnavi A. Rao ◽  
Kamini A. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Critical Health Care

Coronavirus diease-2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic, has imposed a lot of challenges and potential risk to women who are planning a pregnancy and women who are pregnant in the COVID era. After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19, a global pandemic, pregnancies achieved through medically assisted reproduction/Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) services experienced a major hit as couples became even more anxious to embark on pregnancy, the obvious reasons being the vertical transmission to the fetus, and use of critical health-care support system if required. Although the effects of coronavirus in terms of pregnancies conceived through the above measures are not known, retrospective studies will be needed to assess the outcomes of pregnancies conceived either naturally or any of the above mentioned procedures. As a precautionary measure, many professional societies worldwide recommended a ban on fertility treatments 1 week after WHO declared this as a pandemic. All reproductive medicine societies had published guidelines regarding stopping of infertility services except for poor responders and oocyte/sperm cryopreservation procedures in cancer patients – undergoing chemotherapy/radiation as there could be a reduction in gamete numbers. The possible reasons being to avoid complications of ART, like virus-induced complications of pregnancy and vertical transmission to fetus in severe respiratory distress syndrome COVID-positive mothers. The measures required to be taken are physical social distancing and critical health-care accessibility services. It has caused a major blow with respect to economic and social framework of our societies.

scholarly journals Tobacco control in Mexico: A decade of progress and challenges

10.21149/9360 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3, may-jun) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu ◽  
Heather Wipfli ◽  
Jonathan Samet ◽  
Justino Regalado-Pineda ◽  
Mauricio Hernández-Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Low Income Groups

Mexico was the first country in the Americas to sign and ratify the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004. More than a decade later, it is appropriate to evaluate legislative and regulatory progress and the associated challenges; and also, to propose a roadmap to prioritize the problems to be addressed to achieve long-term sustainable solutions. Mexico has made substantial progress in tobacco control. However, regulations have been only weakly enforced. The tobacco industry continues to interfere with full implementation of the WHO-FCTC. As a result, tobacco consumption remains stable at about 17.6%, with a trend upwards among vulne­rable groups: adolescents, women and low-income groups. The growing popularity of new tobacco products (electronic cigarettes or e-cigs) among young Mexicans is an increasing challenge. Our review reveals the need to implement all provisions of the WHO-FCTC in its full extent, and that laws and regulations will not be effective in decreasing the tobacco epidemic unless they are strictly enforced.

TREATMENT OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Petr Yablonskiy ◽  
Olga Sukhovskaya ◽  
I. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Russian Federation

Worldwide, tobacco use is a major behavioral risk factor for cancer. A comparative study conducted in 2017 showed that 7.10 million deaths were associated with smoking. Tobacco consumption not only increases the risk of developing various forms of cancer, but also reduces life expectancy after suffering a cancer, and increases the risk of relapse. In patients with lung cancer who underwent lung resection, smoking increased the risk of nosocomial mortality by three times and significantly increased the incidence of pulmonary complications. In addition to the localization and stage of cancer, abstinence from tobacco consumption has been noted as the strongest predictor of survival in cancer patients. In the United States, National Recommendations for Comprehensive Cancer Treatment (NCCN) included recommendations for the treatment of nicotine addiction, including 12 weeks of behavioral therapy (including telephone counseling) in combination with smoking cessation drugs for all patients receiving treatment in oncological clinics. Treatment of nicotine addiction has proven cost-effective: in particular, it has been shown for a smoking cessation program prior to surgical resection of the lung. Principles 5 A are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assist in the smoking cessation. There are national guidelines in other countries. In the Russian Federation, clinical guidelines “Tobacco addiction syndrome, tobacco withdrawal syndrome in adults” were adopted. Given the significant impact of smoking on the prognosis of cancer, the treatment of nicotine addiction should be an integral part of the treatment of malignant tumors. The most effective treatment is the combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Teaching behavioral methods to overcome the withdrawal syndrome can be conducted by calling the to Quitline, organized by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Emu Oil Attenuates Disease Severity and Results in Fewer Large Colonic Tumors in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Suzanne Mashtoub ◽  
Lauren C. Chartier ◽  
Debbie Trinder ◽  
Ian C. Lawrance ◽  
Gordon S. Howarth
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Emu Oil

scholarly journals 822 Lessons Learnt During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Surgical Admissions in A District General Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ahn ◽  
N Khan ◽  
N Desai ◽  
M Abdu ◽  
L Hiddema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an acute severe respiratory distress syndrome which resulted in an unprecedented impact on NHS service provision. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on general surgical services in a district general hospital. Method Electronic health care record data was retrospectively collected from 6th of April to 6th of May for both 2019 and 2020. Results Despite fewer referrals and admissions in 2020 (133 vs 177 admissions in 2019), there were more failed discharges (29 vs 17 in 2019) and higher associated costs. Higher numbers of biliary related pathologies and pancreatitis (50 in 2020 vs 25 in 2019), and fewer complaints of non-specific abdominal pain (10 in 2020 vs 22 in 2019) were observed. The use of outpatient investigations decreased by approximately 40% in 2020; however, utilisation of inpatient investigations was comparable. Conclusions Better utilisation of outpatient investigations and virtual clinic services may surmount pressures from further peaks of COVID-19. The increase in biliary related cases and pancreatitis may be consequent upon lifestyle changes during lockdown. This merits further investigation and if appropriate, public health intervention. In the absence of an efficacious vaccine, further research would be essential to streamline general surgical services based on clinical risk stratification.

Inspiratory muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on disease severity

2007 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Joachim Kabitz ◽  
Stephan Walterspacher ◽  
David Walker ◽  
Wolfram Windisch
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Strength

Staging criteria for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) include symptoms and lung function parameters, but the role of reduced inspiratory muscle strength related to disease severity remains unclear. Therefore the present study tested whether inspiratory muscle strength is reduced in COPD and is related to disease severity according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria and assessed its clinical impact. PImax (maximal inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure), SnPna (sniff nasal pressure) and TwPmo (twitch mouth pressure) following bilateral anterior magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation were assessed in 33 COPD patients (8 GOLD0, 6 GOLDI, 6 GOLDII, 7 GOLDIII and 6 GOLDIV) and in 28 matched controls. Furthermore, all participants performed a standardized 6 min walking test. In comparison with controls, PImax (11.6±2.5 compared with 7.3±3.0 kPa; P<0.001), SnPna (9.7±2.5 compared with 6.9±3.3 kPa; P<0.001) and TwPmo (1.6±0.6 compared with 0.8±0.4 kPa; P<0.001) were markedly lower in COPD patients. TwPmo decreased with increasing COPD stage. TwPmo was correlated with walking distance (r=0.75; P<0.001), dyspnoea (r=−0.61; P<0.001) and blood gas values following exercise (r>0.57; P<0.001). Inspiratory muscle strength, as reliably assessed by TwPmo, decreased with increasing severity of COPD and should be considered as an important factor in rating disease severity and to reflect burden in COPD.

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