Congenital Anomalies Programmed by Maternal Diabetes and Obesity on Offspring of Rats

Embryo-fetal exposure to maternal disorders during intrauterine life programs long-term consequences for the health and illness of offspring. In this study, we evaluated whether mild diabetic rats that were given high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet presented maternal and fetal changes at term pregnancy. Female rats received citrate buffer (non-diabetic-ND) or streptozotocin (diabetic-D) after birth. According to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the experimental groups (n = 11 animals/group) were composed of non-diabetic and diabetic receiving standard diet (S) or HF/HS diet. High-fat/high-sugar diet (30% kcal of lard) in chow and water containing 5% sucrose and given 1 month before mating and during pregnancy. During and at the end of pregnancy, obesity and diabetes features were determined. After laparotomy, blood samples, periovarian fat, and uterine content were collected. The diabetic rats presented a higher glycemia and percentage of embryonic losses when compared with the NDS group. Rats DHF/HS presented increased obesogenic index, caloric intake, and periovarian fat weight and reduced gravid uterus weight in relation to the other groups. Besides, this association might lead to the inflammatory process, confirmed by leukocytosis. Obese rats (NDHF/HS and DHF/HS) showed higher triglyceride levels and their offspring with lower fetal weight and ossification sites, indicating intrauterine growth restriction. This finding may contribute to vascular alterations related to long-term hypertensive disorders in adult offspring. The fetuses from diabetic dams showed higher percentages of skeletal abnormalities, and DHF/HS dams still had a higher rate of anomalous fetuses. Thus, maternal diabetes and/or obesity induces maternal metabolic disorders that contribute to affect fetal development and growth.

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Late effects of early weaning on food preference and the dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems in male and female rats

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174421000039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Patricia Novaes Soares ◽

Rosiane Aparecida Miranda ◽

Iala Milene Bertasso ◽

Carla Bruna Pietrobon ◽

Vanessa Silva Tavares Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Amide ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Female Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Early Weaning ◽

High Fat ◽

Male And Female ◽

High Sugar ◽

Male And Female Rats

Abstract Early weaning (EW) is associated with obesity later in life. Here, using an EW model in rats, we investigated changes in feeding behavior and the dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems (ECS) in the adult offspring. Lactating Wistar rats were divided into two groups: EW, dams were wrapped with a bandage to interrupt suckling during the last 3 days of breastfeeding; CONT; dams fed the pups throughout the period without hindrances. EW animals were compared with CONT animals of the same sex. At PN175, male and female offspring of both groups could freely self-select between high-fat and high-sugar diets (food challenge test). EW males preferred the high-fat diet at 30 min and more of the high-sugar diet after 12 h compared to CONT males. EW females did not show differences in their preference for the palatable diets compared to CONT females. Total intake of standard diet from PN30-PN180 was higher in both male and female EW animals, indicating hyperphagia. At PN180, EW males showed lower type 2 dopamine receptor (D2r) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal striatum, while EW females had lower tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area and NAc, D1r in the NAc, and D2r in the prefrontal cortex. In the lateral hypothalamus, EW males had lower fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase, whereas EW females showed lower N-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase-D and increased FAAH. Early weaning altered both the dopaminergic and ECS parameters at adulthood, contributing to the eating behavior changes of the progeny in a sex-dependent manner.

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High Fat Diet Mediates Amyloid-β Cleaving Enzyme 1 Phosphorylation and SUMOylation, Enhancing Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-215299 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Jian Bao ◽

Zheng Liang ◽

Xiaokang Gong ◽

Jing Yu ◽

Yifan Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Augmented Learning ◽

Biochemical Analyses ◽

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults and extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is one of the two characterized pathologies of AD. Obesity is significantly associated with AD developing factors. Several studies have reported that high fat diet (HFD) influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of HFD influenced Aβ accumulation and cognitive performance during AD pathology. Methods: 2.5-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were randomly separated into two groups: 1) the normal diet (ND) group, fed a standard diet (10 kcal%fat); and 2) the HFD group, fed a high fat diet (40 kcal%fat, D12492; Research Diets). After 4 months of HFD or ND feeding, mice in the two groups were subjected for further ethological, morphological, and biochemical analyses. Results: A long-term HFD diet significantly increased perirenal fat and impaired dendritic integrity and aggravated neurodegeneration, and augmented learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, the HFD increased beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) dephosphorylation and SUMOylation, resulting in enhanced enzyme activity and stability, which exacerbated the deposition of amyloid plaques. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that long-term HFD consumption aggravates amyloid-β accumulation and cognitive impairments, and that modifiable lifestyle factors, such as obesity, can induce BACE1 post-modifications which may contribute to AD pathogenesis.

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Acute effect of high-intensity interval training exercise on redox status in the ovaries of rats fed a high-fat diet

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd20326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

Rodrigo L. Furtado ◽

Jonathan Elias R. Martins ◽

Maria Alice F. Oliveira ◽

Denise D. Guerreiro ◽

Naiza A. R. de Sá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Interval Training ◽

Redox Status ◽

Female Rats ◽

Standard Diet ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Fat ◽

Antral Follicles ◽

High Intensity Interval

This study demonstrates the effect of a single high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session on the redox status of rat ovaries with excess adiposity. Forty Wistar female rats (mean (±s.e.m.) weight 94.40 ± 13.40 g) were divided into two groups and fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 62 days. At the end of this period, the rats were subjected to a single HIIT session and were killed 24 h after exercise. Both groups subjected to exercise (SDex and HFDex) generated a significantly higher antioxidant environment by presenting a higher thiol content, which represents a lower oxidation rate of GSH than their respective controls (SD and HFD). The percentage of morphologically normal primary follicles decreased, whereas that of antral follicles increased, in the SDex group. In addition, the HFD group had a higher percentage of degenerated antral follicles than the SD and SDex groups. Cells immunoreactive for α-smooth muscle actin were seen in the cortical stroma and thecal layer enclosing late secondary and tertiary follicles in all groups. Moreover, heme oxygenase and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19A1) labelling was seen in all antral follicles. Progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in the HFDex than SDex group. In conclusion, this study indicates that a single session of HIIT may result in an improvement in ovary redox status because of metabolic muscle activity by inducing physiological adaptation after exercise in a paracrine manner.

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Effect of long-term high-fat diet intake on peripheral insulin sensibility, blood pressure, and renal function in female rats

Food & Nutrition Research ◽

10.3402/fnr.v60.28536 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 28536 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Noemi A. V. Roza ◽

Luiz F. Possignolo ◽

Adrianne C. Palanch ◽

José A. R. Gontijo

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Function ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Diet Intake

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Yarrow Supercritical Extract Ameliorates the Metabolic Stress in a Model of Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010072 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 72 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lamia Mouhid ◽

Marta Gómez de Cedrón ◽

Adriana Quijada-Freire ◽

Pablo J. Fernández-Marcos ◽

Guillermo Reglero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Model Assessment ◽

High Fat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Nutraceutical Compounds ◽

Fasting Glycemia ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Potential Therapeutic Role

Nowadays, obesity and its associated metabolic disorders, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, or cancer, continue to be a health epidemic in westernized societies, and there is an increased necessity to explore anti-obesity therapies including pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds. Considerable attention has been placed on the identification of bioactive compounds from natural sources to manage the metabolic stress associated with obesity. In a previous work, we have demonstrated that a CO2 supercritical fluid extract from yarrow (Yarrow SFE), downregulates the expression of the lipogenic master regulator SREBF1 and its downstream molecular targets FASN and SCD in a tumoral context. Since obesity and diabetes are strongly considered high-risk factors for cancer development, herein, we aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of Yarrow SFE in the metabolic stress induced after a high-fat diet in mice. For this purpose, 32 C57BL/6 mice were distributed in four groups according to their diets: standard diet (SD); SD supplemented with Yarrow SFE (SD + Yarrow); high-fat diet (HFD); and HFD supplemented with Yarrow SFE (HFD + Yarrow). Fasting glycemia, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, gene expression, and lipid content of liver and adipose tissues were analyzed after three months of treatment. Results indicate improved fasting glucose levels in plasma, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and diminished hypercholesterolemia in the HFD + Yarrow group compared to the HFD group. Mechanistically, Yarrow SFE protects liver from steatosis after the HFD challenge by augmenting the adipose tissue buffering capacity of the circulating plasma glucose.

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Effects of Greenshell Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Intake on Pathological Markers of Multiple Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in Rats

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10176131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 6131

Author(s):

Parkpoom Siriarchavatana ◽

Marlena C. Kruger ◽

Matthew R. Miller ◽

Hong (Sabrina) Tian ◽

Frances M. Wolber

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Control Diet ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Sham Operation ◽

High Fat ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Perna Canaliculus ◽

High Sugar ◽

Ovx Rats

The prevalence of metabolic osteoarthritis has been increasing worldwide, particularly among women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the New Zealand greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus; GSM) on osteoarthritis (OA) prevention in a rat model. One-hundred-and-eight female rats aged 12 weeks were divided into four test groups, containing 24 rats each, plus an additional control group. Each test group received one of the four experimental diets: normal control diet (ND), normal control diet supplemented with GSM (ND + GSM), high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS), or high fat/high sugar diet supplemented GSM (HFHS + GSM), for 36 weeks (end of the study). After 8 weeks on experimental diets, half of each group was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and the remaining half received a sham operation (ovaries left intact). The study evaluated body composition, bone mass, plasma cytokines, adipokines, HbA1c, CTX-II, and knee joint’s histopathology. HFHS diet and OVX significantly induced body weight gain and leptin production. OVX rats lost bone mineral density but increased adiponectin, HbA1C, and MCP-1. The OVX rats fed HFHS showed the highest Mankin scores. Importantly, inclusion of GSM reduced these pathological features. In conclusion, GSM might be beneficial in halting the progression of OA.

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