scholarly journals Elder Mice Exhibit More Severe Degeneration and Milder Regeneration in Temporomandibular Joints Subjected to Bilateral Anterior Crossbite

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuejiao Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Xu ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Mian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Biomechanical Stimulation

Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) have a biomechanical relationship with dental occlusion. Aberrant occlusion initiates degenerative remodeling responses in TMJ condyles. Aging is a promoting factor of osteoarthritis (OA) development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aging on degenerative remodeling in TMJ condyles in response to occlusal biomechanical stimulation caused by the installation of aberrant prostheses and observe rehabilitation after their removal. The experiments involved 84 female C57BL/6J mice (42 at 6 weeks old and 42 at 28 weeks old). A bilateral anterior crossbite (BAC) model was developed, and the TMJs were sampled at 3, 7, and 11 weeks. BAC was removed at 7 weeks in a subset of mice, which accepted BAC treatment at 6 week of age, and maintained for another 4 weeks after BAC removal. TMJ changes were assessed with micro-CT, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence staining assays. The results showed that BAC induced typical OA-like TMJ lesions that were more severe in the elder groups as evaluated by the acellular zones, clustered chondrocytes, fissures between cartilage and subchondral bone, reductions in matrix amount and the cartilage thickness as revealed by histomorphological measurements, and subchondral bone loss as detected on micro-CT images. IHC indicated significant increases in cleaved caspase-3-expressing cells and decreases in ki67-positive cells in the BAC groups. There were obvious age-dependent changes in the numbers of superficial zone cells and CD90-expressing cells. Supportively, cleaved caspase-3-expressing cells obviously increased, while ki67-expressing cells significantly decreased with aging. In the elder BAC groups, the superficial zone cells such as CD90-expressing cells were greatly reduced. At 11 weeks, the superficial zone cells were almost non-existent, and there were clear serrated injuries on the cartilage surface. BAC removal attenuated the degenerative changes in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone. Notably, the rescue effect was more pronounced in the younger animals. Our findings demonstrate the impacts of aging on both TMJ degenerative changes in response to BAC and regenerative changes following BAC removal. The reduced number of chondro-progenitor cells in aged TMJ cartilage provides an explanation for this age-related decline in TMJ rehabilitative behaviors.

scholarly journals Active Preservation of Osteochondral Graft under Cyclic Hydrostatic Pressure for Maintaining Cartilage Integrity and Subchondral Bone Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0035
Author(s):  
Christian Lattermann ◽  
Julia Charles ◽  
Shuichi Mizuno ◽  
Gergo Merkely
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability

Objectives: Osteochondral allografts (OCA) are currently stored at 4˚C for an average of 24 days after procurement. However, chondrocyte viability, the major determinant of graft performance in-vivo, decreases and matrix integrity deteriorates with time under such conditions; for instance, chondrocyte viability falls below the acceptable level of 70% by 28 days. Hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a significant component in the mechanical loading environment and its application in vitro (0.5 - 15 MPa) elicited favorable effects on cartilage and bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HP during osteochondral storage. Methods: Osteochondral (OC) explants (6x8 mm) were harvested from bovine humeral heads purchased from a local slaughterhouse (Fig. 1). OCs were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: freshly harvested; stored at 4°C and atmospheric pressure (4˚C AP); stored at 37°C and AP (37˚C AP); and stored at 37°C with cyclic HP at 0-0.5 MPa, 0.5 Hz (37˚C HP). The explants were stored for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F12 (1:1), with antibiotics and with or without fetal bovine serum (FBS). Chondrocyte viability and density were assessed using LIVE/DEAD® staining in the entire tissue section and in the superficial, middle, and deep zones using the Image J program. In addition, we stained OC explants with safranin-O fast green; hematoxylin and eosin, sudan IV and antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), keratan sulfate (KS). Furthermore, the microstructure and material composition of subchondral bone in the explants was quantified using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT, Scanco uCT 35) at a 12 micron nominal resolution. Results: Cartilage thickness was maintained at 37°C HP, significantly increased at 37°C AP and significantly decreased at 4°C AP (P < 0.05) with/without FBS at 28 days. Full-thickness chondrocyte viability was significantly higher at 21 and 28 days in the 37˚C HP group compared to 4°C or 37°C AP regardless of FBS (P<0.05). Specifically, chondrocyte viability in the superficial zone was maintained with 37˚C HP (Fig. 3) versus not in the other culture conditions. Cartilage matrices were similar between the conditions by 14 days (Fig. 4). However, surface fibrillation and degeneration were demonstrated in the 37 °C AP. KS seemed to be maintained in the superficial zone with HP by 28 days but decreased under other conditions (Fig. 5). More proliferating cells with 37°C HP were observed in the superficial zone compared to other conditions at 28 days. Utilization of FBS further increased the number of proliferating cells in each condition. The fatty granules were observed and distributed evenly throughout the subchondral bone and trabecular bone under all conditions at 28 days (Fig. 6). However, in the 4°C and 37°C AP groups, fewer fatty granules were observed in the subchondral bone and more fat in the trabecular bone (Fig. 6). Micro-CT evaluation revealed that the conditions produced similar tissue mineral density (Fig. 7). However, the trabecular number was significantly lower with 37°C AP compared to the other conditions (P<0.05). Conclusion: Osteochondral explants stored with 37°C HP maintained chondrocyte viability, histologically determined cartilage integrity, and subchondral bone quality. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Analysis of the dynamics of the structural changes development in the humerus of guinea pigs under modeling biomechanical disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
R.A. Sergienko ◽  
S.S. Strafun ◽  
S.I. Savosko ◽  
A.M. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Superficial Zone

Today, the role of the traumatic factor and inflammation in the development and progression of osteoarthrosis is generally recognized, but the available research results do not allow to establish the role of impaired biomechanics as a monofactor in the development of deforming ostearthrosis of the shoulder joint. Violation of the function of the bone and bone-cartilage elements of the joint, which is compensated by soft tissue formations, leads to overloads of the joints, upsets the normal balance of the load forces in the joint, creates abnormal biomechanics and the resulting pathological manifestations of deforming osteoarthrosis. The aim of the study is research of the dynamics of the disturbed biomechanics influence of the shoulder joint on the development of deformation osteoarthrosis and the features of the development of its structural changes. The experiments were conducted on guinea pigs weighing 380-420 grams at the age of 5 months. A model of surgical restriction of joint mobility was reproduced, which caused the formation of contracture. Using the methods of histology and scanning electron microscopy, we studied the relief of the articular surface, the topography of degenerative changes, and structural changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. A statistical evaluation of the obtained data samples was carried out using Student t-test. The results were considered reliable at р<0.05. The results of an experimental study demonstrated a decrease in the thickness and structure of articular cartilage when modeling deforming osteoarthrosis and confirmed the hypothesis that pathological limitation of the mobility of the shoulder joint and violation of biomechanics is an independent factor in the formation of osteoarthrosis. After surgery on day 30, degenerative changes and their progression with the formation of contracture on day 90 of observation were found in the articular cartilage. The features of the development of articular surface degeneration, the dynamics of the pathological changes and topography, which can expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, were established. The loss of the superficial zone caused the progression of dystrophic changes in the articular cartilage and sclerosis of the subchondral bone at 60 and 90 days.

scholarly journals Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Subchondral Bone Regeneration Using Osteochondral Scaffolds in an Ovine Condyle Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Taylor Flaherty ◽  
Maryam Tamaddon ◽  
Chaozong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Osteochondral Scaffold

Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and without BMC. Ovine stifle condyle models were used for the in vivo study. Two scaffold systems (8 mm diameter and 10 mm thick) with and without BMC were implanted into the femoral condyle, and the tissues were retrieved after six months. The retrieved femoral condyles (with scaffold in) were examined using micro-computed tomography scans (micro-CT), and the micro-CT data were further analysed by ImageJ with respect to trabecular thickness, bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) ratio, and degree of anisotropy of bone. Statistical analysis compared bone regeneration between scaffold groups and sub-set regions. These results were mostly insignificant (p < 0.05), with the exception of bone volume to total volume ratio when comparing scaffold composition and sub-set region. Additional trends in the data were observed. These results suggest that the scaffold composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, this research provides data which may guide the development of future treatments.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Predisposes to Osteoarthritis: Lessons from Model System

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352098016
Author(s):  
Sampath Samuel Joshua Pragasam ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Cartilage

Objective The present study aims to assess for temporal changes in tibial subchondral bone and cartilage in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats (portraying obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension) in comparison with Wistar controls (WNIN) using anthropometry, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. Design Body weight, abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), lean/fat mass, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured (ELISA), followed by ultrastructural analysis of tibial subchondral bone (micro-CT) and cartilage architecture (histopathology and SEM) in WNIN/Gr-Ob and WNIN rats with age (3, 6 and 9 months). Additionally, primary cultures of articular chondrocytes isolated from 6-month-old WNIN/Gr-Ob and WNIN rats were assessed for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and Collagen type II (COL2A1) by immunofluorescence. Results WNIN/Gr-Ob rats exhibited frank obesity with increased BMI, lean and fat mass vis-à-vis significantly higher levels of serum TNF-α (6>9>3 months) as compared with the controls. With an increase in BMI, WNIN/Gr-Ob rats presented with tibial cartilage fibrillation, erosion, osteophyte formation (6 months) and subchondral bone cyst (9 months) confirmed by histology and SEM. An increase in subchondral trabecular bone volume (sclerosis with decreased plate porosity) was observed in all ages in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats compared to their Control. Gaining insights, primary cultures of articular chondrocytes complemented with altered cellular expressions of COL2A1 and MMP-13 from WNIN/Gr-Ob rats, indicating osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Conclusion Multiple metabolic perturbations featured in WNIN/Gr-Ob rats were effective to induce spontaneous OA-like degenerative changes affecting knee joints akin to human OA.

scholarly journals Correlation between Degenerative Changes and Osteoporosis in Lumbar Spine of Elderly Women in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultana Amena Ferdoucy ◽  
Md Anower Hussain Mian ◽  
Nasrin Akhter ◽  
Md Shafiqul Alam ◽  
MA Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Study Results

Aims: Degenerative joint diseases and decreased bone mass i.e.  osteoporosis are two common age related skeletal disorders  responsible for pain and disability. Bangladesh has a high incidence  of osteoporosis and the incidence particularly in women, occurs  among a relatively younger age group than in the developed world.  However little is known about the correlation between degenerative  changes and osteoporosis in lumbar spine of elderly women. The  purpose of this study was to clarify this relationship in elderly women  of Dhaka, Bangladesh.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department  of radiology and imaging of Bangladesh institute of research and  rehabilitation in diabetes, endocrine and metabolic disorders  (BIRDEM), Dhaka during the period of 1st January, 2009 to 31st  December, 2010. DEXA scan of spine and BMD measurement were  done at a renowned private hospital of Dhaka. Total 63 elderly female  aged between 50-75 years were randomly selected for this study.  Results: An inverse relationship between osteoporosis and  spondylosis in postmenopausal women as evaluated by bone  mineral density and semiquantitative scoring of spinal degeneration  was observed. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.53:p<0.05)  was found between T-score and grade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13740 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013

scholarly journals Evaluation of apoptotic cell death in normal and chondrodystrophic canine intervertebral discs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Klauser ◽  
Franck Forterre ◽  
Marcus Doherr ◽  
Andreas Zurbriggen ◽  
David Spreng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Discogenic Pain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chondroid Metaplasia ◽  
Related Increase

Disc degeneration occurs commonly in dogs. A variety of factors is thought to contribute an inappropriate disc matrix that isolate cells in the disc and lead to apoptosis. Disc herniation with radiculopathy and discogenic pain are the results of the degenerative process. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the extent of apoptosis in intact and herniated intervertebral discs of chondrodystrophic dogs and non-chondrodystrophic dogs. In addition, the nucleus pulposus (NP) was histologically compared between non-chondrodystrophic and chondrodystrophic dogs. Thoracolumbar intervertebral discs and parts of the extruded nucleus pulposus were harvested from 45 dogs. Samples were subsequently stained with haematoxylin-eosin and processed to detect cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. A significant greater degree of apoptosis was observed in herniated NPs of chondrodystrophic dogs compared to non- chondrodystrophic dogs with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase- 3 detection. Within the group of chondrodystrophic dogs, dogs with an intact disc and younger than 6 years showed a significant lower incidence of apoptosis in the NP compared to the herniated NP of chondrodystrophic dogs. The extent of apoptosis in the annulus fibrosus was not different between the intact disc from chondrodystrophic and non- chondrodystrophic dogs. An age-related increase of apoptotic cells in NP and annulus fibrosus was found in the intact non-herniated intervertebral discs. Histologically, absence of notochordal cells and occurrence of chondroid metaplasia were observed in the nucleus pulposus of chondrodystrophic dogs. As a result, we found that apoptosis plays a role in disc degeneration in chondrodystrophic dogs.

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