scholarly journals Sentinels in Salmon Aquaculture: Heart Rates Across Seasons and During Crowding Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fletcher Warren-Myers ◽  
Malthe Hvas ◽  
Tone Vågseth ◽  
Tim Dempster ◽  
Frode Oppedal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Fish Heart ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sea Cage

Advances in tag technology now make it possible to monitor the behavior of small groups of individual fish as bioindicators of population wellbeing in commercial aquaculture settings. For example, tags may detect unusual patterns in fish heart rate, which could serve as an early indicator of whether fish health or welfare is becoming compromised. Here, we investigated the use of commercially available heart rate biologgers implanted into 24 Atlantic salmon weighing 3.6 ± 0.8 kg (mean ± SD) to monitor fish over 5 months in a standard 12 m × 12 m square sea cage containing ∼6,000 conspecifics. Post tagging, fish established a diurnal heart rate rhythm within 24 h, which stabilized after 4 days. Whilst the registered tagged fish mortality over the trial period was 0%, only 75% of tagged fish were recaptured at harvest, resulting in an unexplained tag loss rate of 25%. After 5 months, tagged fish were approximately 20% lighter and 8% shorter, but of the similar condition when compared to untagged fish. Distinct diurnal heart rate patterns were observed and changed with seasonal day length of natural illumination. Fish exhibited lower heart rates at night [winter 39 ± 0.2 beats per min (bpm), spring 37 ± 0.2 bpm, summer 43 ± 0.3 bpm, mean ± SE] than during the day (winter 50 ± 0.3 bpm, spring 48 ± 0.2 bpm, summer 49 ± 0.2 bpm) with the difference between night and day heart rates near half during the summer (6 bpm) compared to winter and spring (both 11 bpm). When fish experienced moderate and severe crowding events in early summer, the highest hourly heart rates reached 60 ± 2.5 bpm and 72 ± 2.4 bpm, respectively, on the day of crowding. Here, if the negative sublethal effects on fish that carry tags (e.g., growth rate) can be substantially reduced, the ability to monitor diurnal heart rate patterns across seasons and detect changes during crowding events, and using heart rate biologgers could be a useful warning mechanism for detecting sudden changes in fish behavior in sea cages.

Failure of accentuated vertical body movements to induce cardiac-locomotor coupling

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Kirby ◽  
S. M. Atkinson ◽  
J. E. Donville ◽  
M. F. Urdang ◽  
D. A. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Powerful Stimulus ◽  
The Difference

Cardiac-locomotor coupling (CLC) has been reported during a variety of rhythmic human activities. One reason postulated for such coupling is that axial movements of the viscera during some activities (the “visceral piston”) may enhance expulsion of blood from the heart; if so, accentuated vertical movements of the body should provide a powerful stimulus to coupling. To test this hypothesis, we studied 20 subjects hopping and 20 others skipping rope for greater than or equal to 10 min while electrocardiographic and force-platform signals were recorded, from which we derived the subjects' exercise and heart rates. The incidence and intensity of apparent coupling in the test subjects were compared with those of cross-over controls, where the heart rate of each subject was related to the hopping or skipping rate of a matched subject. Ratios consistent with coupling were seen in 10 (50%) hopping subjects under test conditions and in 13 (65%) under control conditions; among skipping subjects, the incidences were 11 (55%) and 10 (50%). In neither group of subjects was the difference in the incidences or the intensities of apparent CLC statistically significant. Our failure to detect CLC while our subjects were hopping or skipping suggests that the visceral piston is unimportant to the CLC phenomenon.

Maximum heart rate responses to exercise and isoproterenol in the trained rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. R834-R839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Bolter ◽  
K. J. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Maximum Exercise ◽  
Chronotropic Response ◽  
The Difference

Male rats were assigned to light (C) or strenuous (T) running programs. Both groups ran at 30 m/min, 8% elevation. Over 16 wk, T and C completed 2,939 +/- 72 and 507 +/- 7 min (mean +/- SE). In a graded running test, maximum exercise heart rates for T and C were 542 +/- 7 and 554 +/- 6 beats/min (P greater than 0.05). Heart rates elicited by maximum effective concentrations of isoproterenol (ISO) in vivo and in vitro were 483 +/- 8 and 489 +/- 11 beats/min for T and 499 +/- 5 and 502 +/- 5 beats/min for C (no difference between groups or treatments). A lower heart rate was recorded in T for both resting (353 +/- 7 vs. 373 +/- 4 beats/min) and in vitro intrinsic states (231 +/- 22 vs. 299 +/- 22 beats/min) (P less than 0.05 for both conditions). The difference between maximum ISO-stimulated and maximum exercise heart rates was attributed to a temperature difference. In a separate group of lightly trained rats, ISO was administered intravenously during hard exercise when heart rate approached exercise maximum. Heart rate after ISO did not increase beyond the maximum heart rate observed in a control run. It was concluded that the maximum chronotropic response to sympathetic stimulation can be elicited during hard exercise and that maximum exercise heart rate reflects this limit rather than a saturation of cardiac sympathetic activity.

Intensity of Sports Participation in Circumpubertal Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Geraldine Naughton ◽  
John Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Training Stimulus ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Competitive Game ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Competitive Games

The heart rate intensity during 20 minutes of sports participation by circumpubertal children was monitored several times over a season. The competitive games’ mean absolute heart rates for basketball, badminton, netball, and tennis were 170, 159, 168, and 162 bts·min−1 (or 72, 75, 69, and 67% of heart rate maximum), respectively. The mean abolute heart rates for 20 minutes of participation under practice conditions for badminton, basketball, netball, and tennis were 149, 157, 144, and 135 bts·min−1, or 73, 75, 69, and 67% of heart rate maximum. At the 0.05 level of probability there was a significant difference between the heart rate intensities under competitive game and practice situations in the badminton, netball, and tennis groups. The difference between intensities of competitive games and practices was nonsignificant in the basketball players. The study concluded that participation in practice and game conditions was positive in providing the potential for a training stimulus.

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Heart rate reveals the difference between disgust and anger in the domain of morality.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Konishi ◽  
Toshiyuki Himichi ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsubo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
The Difference

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

scholarly journals Heart Rate–Induced Myocardial Ca 2+ Retention and Left Ventricular Volume Loss in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Silverman ◽  
Mehdi Rambod ◽  
Daniel L. Lustgarten ◽  
Robert Lobel ◽  
Martin M. LeWinter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background Increases in heart rate are thought to result in incomplete left ventricular (LV) relaxation and elevated filling pressures in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Experimental studies in isolated human myocardium have suggested that incomplete relaxation is a result of cellular Ca 2+ overload caused by increased myocardial Na + levels. We tested these heart rate paradigms in patients with HFpEF and referent controls without hypertension. Methods and Results In 22 fully sedated and instrumented patients (12 controls and 10 patients with HFpEF) in sinus rhythm with a preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) we assessed left‐sided filling pressures and volumes in sinus rhythm and with atrial pacing (95 beats per minute and 125 beats per minute) before atrial fibrillation ablation. Coronary sinus blood samples and flow measurements were also obtained. Seven women and 15 men were studied (aged 59±10 years, ejection fraction 61%±4%). Patients with HFpEF had a history of hypertension, dyspnea on exertion, concentric LV remodeling and a dilated left atrium, whereas controls did not. Pacing at 125 beats per minute lowered the mean LV end‐diastolic pressure in both groups (controls −4.3±4.1 mm Hg versus patients with HFpEF −8.5±6.0 mm Hg, P =0.08). Pacing also reduced LV end‐diastolic volumes. The volume loss was about twice as much in the HFpEF group (controls −15%±14% versus patients with HFpEF −32%±11%, P =0.009). Coronary venous [Ca 2+ ] increased after pacing at 125 beats per minute in patients with HFpEF but not in controls. [Na + ] did not change. Conclusions Higher resting heart rates are associated with lower filling pressures in patients with and without HFpEF. Incomplete relaxation and LV filling at high heart rates lead to a reduction in LV volumes that is more pronounced in patients with HFpEF and may be associated with myocardial Ca 2+ retention.

Heart Rate and Performance in Manual Missile Guidance

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-354
Author(s):  
Bengt Bergstroem ◽  
Peter Arnberg
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Missile Guidance ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
And Performance

Earlier stress studies under laboratory conditions show that heart rates from 100 to 110 bpm are associated with significant decrements in missile-tracking performance. Data from real missile tracking by 8 operators with no stress deliberately induced indicate, however, that performance is unaffected up to 135 bpm, and only moderately affected in the 135- to 170-bpm region. The disagreement between the two sets of results highlights the difficulties in generalizing from stress experiments.

Stress level in wild harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) during satellite tagging measured by respiration, heart rate and cortisol

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.G. Eskesen ◽  
J. Teilmann ◽  
B.M. Geertsen ◽  
G. Desportes ◽  
F. Riget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Stressed Animal ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Satellite Tagging

During satellite tagging of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), heart rate, respiration rate and cortisol value were measured to evaluate stress effects during handling and tagging. Respiration rates were obtained using video recordings, heart rates were recorded and serum cortisol levels were analysed from blood samples. Differences in heart rates, respiration rates and cortisol levels before and during the tagging events were investigated. An overall significant decrease of 31.5% in respiration rate was found during the tagging event period, while mature porpoises respired significantly more often than immature individuals. Though significant differences in heart rates were found for some individuals, no general significant change for all animals was detected. We found no correlation between cortisol concentration and either heart rate or respiration rate, nor did we find any relationships between cortisol and month of year, sex and body length. As high individual variations occurred in response to tagging of harbour porpoises, it is not possible to give general advice based on the factors investigated, on how to reduce stress during handling. However, pouring water over the animal and lowering it into the water seem to stabilize a stressed animal. Therefore, general precaution and individual judgement based on experience is essential when handling wild harbour porpoises.

scholarly journals Effects of Environmental Temperature onCapnodis tenebrionisAdult Phenology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Peter Bonsignore
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Activity Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Generation

The phenology ofCapnodis tenebrionisadults was presented with reference to two different climate conditions. In a temperate moderate-warm climate, adult density showed two separate peaks during the year: one in early summer of the overwintering generation and one with beetles emerging in the late summer. In a warmer semiarid climate, the overwintering adults and the new generation overlapped during summer with a continuous increase of adult density. The difference in the average annual temperature between areas during the study period was almost3∘C, and, in the warmer area, the new generation ofC. tenebrionisemerged at least one month earlier. To make a prediction of adult presence, a model utilizing degree-days was developed from data collected over a five-year period. Models obtained from equations (Logistic 4-parameter,y(x)=yo+a/(1+(x/xo)b)) of each year were developed to describe the relationship between degree-day accumulation (with a minimal threshold activity temperature of14.21∘Ccalculated in the laboratory) and the cumulative percentage of adult presence. According to the overall model, the 50% of overwintering beetles occurred at 726 degree-days (Biofix: 1st March) and the emerging beetles occurred at 801 degree-days (Biofix: 1st July). The results show that a change in temperature is an important aspect that highlights the adaptability of this species.

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