Short-Term β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation Does Not Reduce Symptoms of Eccentric Muscle Damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽  
Andrew Keech ◽  
David Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Eccentric Muscle Damage

Purpose:We examined the effects of short-term β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on symptoms of muscle damage following an acute bout of eccentric exercise.Methods:Non-resistance trained subjects were randomly assigned to a HMB supplement group (HMB, 40mg/kg body weight/day, n = 8) or placebo group (CON, n = 9). Supplementation commenced 6 days prior to a bout of 24 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors and continued throughout post-testing. Muscle soreness, upper arm girth, and torque measures were assessed pre-exercise, 15 min post-exercise, and 1,2,3, 4,7, and 10 days post-exercise.Results:No pre-test differences between HMB and CON groups were identified, and both performed a similar amount of eccentric work during the main eccentric exercise bout (p > .05). HMB supplementation had no effect on swelling, muscle soreness, or torque following the damaging eccentric exercise bout (p > .05).Conclusion:Compared to a placebo condition, short-term supplementation with 40mg/kg body weight/day of HMB had no beneficial effect on a range of symptoms associated with eccentric muscle damage. If HMB can produce an ergogenic response, a longer pre-exercise supplementation period may be necessary.

scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p < 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p < 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

Reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition after eccentric muscle damage in human elbow flexor muscles

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley M. Pitman ◽  
John G. Semmler
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Elbow Flexor Muscles ◽  
Eccentric Muscle Damage

The purpose of this study was to use paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the effect of eccentric exercise on short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) after damage to elbow flexor muscles. Nine young (22.5 ± 0.6 yr; mean ± SD) male subjects performed maximal eccentric exercise of the elbow flexor muscles until maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force was reduced by ∼40%. TMS was performed before, 2 h after, and 2 days after exercise under Rest and Active (5% MVC) conditions with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the biceps brachii (BB) muscle. Peripheral electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus was used to assess maximal M-waves, and paired-pulse TMS with a 3-ms interstimulus interval was used to assess changes in SICI at each time point. The eccentric exercise resulted in a 34% decline in strength ( P < 0.001), a 41% decline in resting M-wave ( P = 0.01), changes in resting elbow joint angle (10°, P < 0.001), and a shift in the optimal elbow joint angle for force production (18°, P < 0.05) 2 h after exercise. This was accompanied by impaired muscle strength (27%, P < 0.001) and increased muscle soreness ( P < 0.001) 2 days after exercise, which is indicative of muscle damage. When the test MEP amplitudes were matched between sessions, we found that SICI was reduced by 27% in resting and 23% in active BB muscle 2 h after exercise. SICI recovered 2 days after exercise when muscle pain and soreness were present, suggesting that delayed onset muscle soreness from eccentric exercise does not influence SICI. The change in SICI observed 2 h after exercise suggests that eccentric muscle damage has widespread effects throughout the motor system that likely includes changes in motor cortex.

Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Recovery From Eccentric Exercise Induced Muscle Damage in Females

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanita McLeay ◽  
Stephen R Stannard ◽  
Toby Mundel ◽  
Andrew Foskett ◽  
Matthew Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

This study was designed to investigate the effects of alcohol consumption on recovery of muscle force when consumed immediately postexercise in young females. Eight young women completed 300 maximal eccentric actions of the quadriceps femoris muscle on an isokinetic dynamometer on two occasions in a randomized, cross-over design after which an alcoholic beverage (0.88g ethanol/kg body weight) or an iso-caloric placebo was consumed. Maximal isokinetic (concentric and eccentric) torque and isometric tension produced across the knee were measured in both the exercised and control leg predamage, 36 hr post, and 60 hr post damage. Venous blood creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness ratings were taken before damage and once per day to 60 hr post damage. Significant differences were observed between the exercised and control leg for maximal concentric, and eccentric torque and isometric tension (p < .05). A near significant Treatment × Time interaction was observed for isometric tension (p = .077), but not for concentric or eccentric torque. No main effects of treatment (alcohol) or interactions with Time × Leg or Leg × Treatment were observed. Perceived muscle soreness during box stepping and squatting showed significant time effects (p < .05), and CK activity did not significantly change. Our results indicate that the consumption of 0.88g ethanol/kg body weight following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage does not affect recovery in the days following damage in females.

scholarly journals An acute eccentric exercise increases circulating myomesin 3 fragments

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Lee ◽  
Jaehoon Shin ◽  
Tatsuya Kato ◽  
Kazue Kanda ◽  
Satoshi Oikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
Healthy Males

AbstractDiscovery of blood biomarkers to evaluate exercise-induced muscle damage have attracted many researchers and coaches. This study aimed to determine changes in circulating myomesin 3 fragments as a novel biomarker for exercise-induced muscle damage. Nine healthy males performed 10 sets of 40 repetitions of one-leg calf-raise exercise by the load corresponding to the half of their body weight. Muscle symptoms were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS). Blood samples were collected before and 2, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-exercise. Plasma myomesin 3 fragments levels were significantly increased at 96 h after the eccentric exercise. The myomesin 3 fragments levels were correlated with other biomarkers of muscle damage and the muscle symptoms. These results suggest that the circulating myomesin 3 fragments levels are potential biomarkers reflecting eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

scholarly journals Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Damage

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
P.▀ Sacco ◽  
K.▀ Mawatari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase

This study investigated the effect of a supplement containing 9 essential and 3 non-essential amino acids on muscle soreness and damage by comparing two endurance exercise bouts of the elbow fexors with amino acid or placebo supplementation in a double blind crossover design. The supplement was ingested 30 min before (10 h post-fasting) and immediately after exercise (Experiment 1), or 30 min before (2-3 h after breakfast), immediately post, and 8 more occasions over 4-day post-exercise (Experiment 2). Changes in muscle soreness and indicators of muscle damage for 4 days following exercise were compared between supplement conditions using two-way ANOVA. No significant differences between conditions were evident for Experiment 1; however, plasma creatine kinase, aldolase, myoglobin, and muscle soreness were significantly lower for the amino acid versus placebo condition in Experiment 2. These results suggest that amino acid supplementation attenuates DOMS and muscle damage when ingested in recovery days.

scholarly journals Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Expedite the Recovery of Indices of Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Martin-Arrowsmith ◽  
Jamie Lov ◽  
Jiaying Dai ◽  
José A. Morais ◽  
Tyler A. Churchward-Venne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Drop Jumps

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketone monoester supplement on indices of muscle damage during recovery after eccentric exercise.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, independent group design, 20 moderately active healthy young adults consumed 360 mg per kg−1 bodyweight of a ketone monoester (KET) or energy-matched carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily following eccentric exercise (drop jumps). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) torque, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, and muscle soreness were measured before (PRE), and immediately (POST), 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. Blood samples were collected for analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), creatine kinase (CK), and select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results: Peak blood β-OHB concentration after supplement intake was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in KET (4.4 ± 0.8 mM) vs. CON (0.4 ± 0.3 mM). Exercise increased CK concentration at 24 h and 48 h vs. PRE (time: P &lt; 0.001) with no difference between KET and CON. Exercise reduced MIVC (KET: −19.9 ± 14.6; CON: −22.6 ± 11.1%) and CMJ (KET: −11.0 ± 7.5; CON: −13.0 ± 8.7%) at POST relative PRE; however, there was no difference between KET and CON on the recovery of MIVC at 24 h (KET: −15.4 ± 20.4; CON: −18.7 ± 20.1%) or 48 h (KET: −7.2 ± 21.2; CON: −11.8 ± 20.2%), or CMJ at 24 h (KET: −9.2 ± 11.5; CON: −13.4 ± 10.8) or 48 h (KET: −12.5 ± 12.4; CON: −9.1 ± 11.7). Muscle soreness was increased during post-exercise recovery (time: P &lt; 0.001) with no differences between KET and CON. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was greater (group: P = 0.007) in CON (236 ± 11 pg/mL) vs. KET (187 ± 11 pg/mL).Conclusion: In conclusion, twice daily ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement that acutely elevates blood β-OHB concentration does not enhance the recovery of muscle performance or reduce muscle soreness following eccentric exercise in moderately active, healthy young adults.

Is isometric strength loss immediately after eccentric exercise related to changes in indirect markers of muscle damage?

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Dale Chapman ◽  
Mike Newton ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Strong Correlate

This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of maximal isometric strength (MVC) loss immediately following eccentric exercise (MVC-post) would relate to changes in other indirect markers of muscle damage following exercise. Eighty-nine men were recruited from the same student population and performed 24 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Commonly used markers of muscle damage such as relaxed and flexed elbow joint angles, range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after, and 1-4 d after exercise. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients (r) between change in MVC-post and other markers of muscle damage, as well as MVC during recovery days, were calculated. Changes in MVC-post ranged from -72.8% to -17.6%, and correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with MVC at 1 (r = 0.59), 2 (0.63), 3 (0.61), and 4 (0.62) d after exercise. Reduction in MVC-post also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with changes in relaxed (r = 0.50) and flexed elbow joint angles (-0.40), ROM (0.55), arm circumference (-0.45), peak palpation (-0.34) and extension muscle soreness (-0.48), and peak CK activity (-0.59). However, the r values were not necessarily high, and MVC-post poorly reflected the distribution of some measures, such as peak CK activity (124 - 50 440 IU·L-1). These results suggest that MVC-post is not a strong correlate of the changes in markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.Key words: maximal isometric strength, plasma CK activity, ROM, swelling, muscle soreness.

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