scholarly journals Endospanin Is a Candidate for Regulating Leptin Sensitivity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Londraville ◽  
Matthew Tuttle ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Janna M. Andronowski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Vesicle Traffic ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Bone Gain ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Bone Dynamics

The hypothesis advanced is that endospanin, a highly conserved vesicle traffic protein in vertebrates, regulates leptin sensitivity in bone signaling. The effects of leptin on bones are well-studied but without consensus on whether the increases in leptin signaling stimulate bone gain or loss. The bone response may depend on leptin sensitivity, and endospanin is an established modulator of leptin sensitivity. An argument is advanced to develop zebrafish models for specific leptin signaling pathways. Zebrafish have well-developed molecular tools (e.g., CRISPR) and the advantage of non-destructive sampling of bones in the form of scales. Using these tools, experiments are described to substantiate the role of endospanin in zebrafish bone dynamics.

Duplex DNA barcoding allows accurate species determination of morphologically similar limpets (Patella spp.) from non-destructive sampling

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1479-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ashton ◽  
Meriem Kayoueche-Reeve ◽  
Andrew J. Blight ◽  
Jon Moore ◽  
David M. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Non Destructive

Accurate discrimination of two morphologically similar species of Patella limpets has been facilitated by using qPCR amplification of species-specific mitochondrial genomic regions. Cost-effective and non-destructive sampling is achieved using a mucus swab and simple sample lysis and dilution to create a PCR template. Results show 100% concurrence with dissection and microscopic analysis, and the technique has been employed successfully in field studies. The use of highly sensitive DNA barcoding techniques such as this hold great potential for improving previously challenging field assessments of species abundance.

scholarly journals p-Coumaric Acid Enhances Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice via Differential Effects on AMPK Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Linh V. Nguyen ◽  
Khoa D. A. Nguyen ◽  
Chi-Thanh Ma ◽  
Quoc-Thai Nguyen ◽  
Huong T. H. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Ampk Activity

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in both peripheral metabolic organs and the central nervous system. Recent studies indicated that p-Coumaric acid (CA), a hydroxycinnamic phenolic acid, potentially activated the peripheral AMPK pathway to exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in vitro. However, CA’s actions on central AMPK activity and whole-body glucose homeostasis have not yet been investigated. Here, we reported that CA exhibited different effects on peripheral and central AMPK activation both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, while CA treatment promoted hepatic AMPK activation, it showed an inhibitory effect on hypothalamic AMPK activity possibly by activating the S6 kinase. Furthermore, CA treatment enhanced hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, resulting in increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, decreased agouti-related peptide (AgRP) expression, and reduced daily food intake. Overall, CA treatment improved blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Together, these results suggested that CA treatment enhanced hypothalamic leptin signaling and whole-body glucose homeostasis, possibly via its differential effects on AMPK activation.

scholarly journals Recommendation of non-destructive sampling method for density estimation of the Eucalyptus wood

2019 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Franciane Andrade de Pádua ◽  
João Otávio Poletto Tomeleri ◽  
Mariana Pires Franco ◽  
José Reinaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho
Keyword(s):  
Density Estimation ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Non Destructive

SAMPLING SYSTEMS FOR THE BIRCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 875-882
Author(s):  
A. G. Raske ◽  
M. Alvo
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Sampling Plan ◽  
New Method ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Sampling Systems ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Technique

AbstractSample sizes needed to measure population levels of the birch casebearer, Coleophora fuscedinella Zeller, and its damage to white birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh, were calculated for various degrees of confidence and assurance. Both a non-destructive and a destructive sampling plan are presented and a new method to classify the damage level of a stand. This method uses a maximum likelihood technique to estimate the proportion of trees of various damage classes.

Androgen excess increases food intake in a rat polycystic ovary syndrome model by down-regulating hypothalamus insulin and leptin signaling pathways preceding weight gain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yu-chen Xu ◽  
Yu-gui Cui ◽  
Shi-wen Jiang ◽  
Fei-yang Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Androgen Excess ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Leptin Signaling ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Androgen Levels ◽  
Restricted Food Intake

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by high androgen levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperandrogenism on the hypothalamus, and subsequently on the food intake and obesity in females. Methods A dihydroxy testosterone (DHT)-induced rat model was established to recapitulate the hyperandrogenism features of PCOS patients. Body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded. The food intake of DHT-induced rats was restricted by pair feeding to exclude possible effects of weight gain on the hypothalamus. The expression levels of relevant proteins and mRNAs in the hypothalamus, primary hypothalamic neurons exposed to DHT were analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively. The leptin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and leptin was injected via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route to test the leptin sensitivity of hypothalamus. Results The excessive pre-puberty androgen levels in the DHT-induced rats markedly elevated food intake prior to weight gain. Consistent with this, the expression of NPY and Agouti-related peptide (Agrp) mRNAs were up-regulated, which occurred prior to obesity and even with restricted food intake. In addition, the hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin and leptin was also impaired in the DHT-induced rats before obesity and with restricted food intake. DHT significantly reduced the leptin levels in the CSF, and ICV injection of leptin inhibited the DHT-induced increase in food intake. Conclusions Androgen excess increased food intake in rats and promoted obesity by down-regulating insulin and leptin signaling in the hypothalamus, most likely by suppressing leptin levels in the CSF.

The water flea Daphnia pulex (Cladocera, Daphniidae), a possible model organism to evaluate aspects of freshwater ecosystems

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1415-1426
Author(s):  
Juan-Alejandro Norambuena ◽  
Jorge Farías ◽  
Patricio De los Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Water Flea ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Molecular Studies

Abstract Daphnia pulex is a freshwater planktonic crustacean, allegedly a cosmopolitan species, which is found in lentic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of D. pulex related to its life history and genetic variability, in order to mark a route for future studies. We noted that D. pulex is a model species on which ecological studies have been carried out, as well as molecular studies, in which its molecular diversity has been characterized and such in specimens from different environments: both pristine and under human influence. In particular those studies are highlighted, in which molecular tools have been used to construct phylogenetic trees for study intraspecific differences. Also, in some of these molecular studies, analyses of genetic, inter- and intraspecific diversity have been performed. In addition, analyses of protein expression in D. pulex and related species seem promising in evaluating the detailed role of this species.

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