scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Stress on the Nutrient Stoichiometry of the Clonal Plant Phragmites australis in Inland Riparian Wetlands of Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Liang Jiao ◽  
Huijun Qin ◽  
Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Nutrient Allocation ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Stoichiometry ◽  
Whole Plant

Clonal plants play an important role in determining ecosystem properties such as community stability, species diversity and nutrient cycling. However, relatively little information is available about the stoichiometric characteristics of clonal plants and their drivers in inland riparian wetlands under strong environmental stress. In this manuscript, we studied the clonal plant Phragmites australis in an inland riparian wetland of Northwest China and compared its nutrient distribution and stoichiometry trade-offs as well as its responses to soil environmental factors in three different environments, namely, a wetland, a salt marsh, and a desert. We found that (1) P. australis could adapt to heterogeneous environments by changing its nutrient allocation strategies, as evidenced by the significant decrease in N and P concentrations, and significant increase in whole-plant C:P and N:P ratios from the wetland to the desert habitats. (2) P. australis adapted to stressful environments by changing its nutrient allocation patterns among different modules, showing a greater tendency to invest N and P in underground modules (rhizomes and roots) and an increase in the utilization efficiency of N and P in the leaves, and stems as environmental stress increased. (3) The C-N, C-P, and N:P-C in the whole plant and in each module showed significant anisotropic growth relationships in the three habitats (P < 0.05). (4) Soil water, pH and salt were the main factors limiting nutrient stoichiometry. The results of this study clarified the ecological adaptation mechanism of the clonal plant P. australis to heterogeneous environments and provided targeted protection strategies for inland riparian wetlands in Northwest China.

scholarly journals Driving Forces Analysis of Non-structural Carbohydrates for Phragmites australis in Different Habitats of Inland River Wetland

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Liang Jiao ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Xuerui Liu ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Fang Li
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
Study Results

Habitat variation in non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) reflects the resource allocation trade-offs for clonal plants, and its driving force analysis embodies the ecological adaptation strategy of clonal plants to heterogeneous environments. In this paper, the reed (Phragmites australis) in the northwestern inland wetlands of China, as a typical example of clonal plants, was used as the research object. The content and distribution of NSC in reeds and their response characteristics to soil environmental factors were compared under three different environmental gradients with wet, salt marsh and desert habitats. The results showed: (1) the content of NSC and starch gradually increased and the content of soluble sugar gradually decreased from wetland to desert habitats, and the ratio of soluble sugar to starch increased significantly (p < 0.05), which demonstrated that reeds converted more NSC into starch to adapt to harsh environments as the environment changed. (2) Reeds tended to invest more NSC in underground architectures to achieve survival and growth with the increase in environmental stress, providing the evidence that NSC were transferred from leaf to rhizome, and root, stem and rhizome received more soluble sugar investment. The ratio of soluble sugar to starch of reed stem and rhizome increased significantly with the increasing content of soluble sugar and the decreasing content of starch, and more starch was converted into soluble sugar to resist the harsh environment. (3) Soil water, soil bulk density and salinity were the main driving forces for the NSC content and the distribution characteristics of reeds using the relative importance analysis. The study results clarified the habitat variation law, and the main environmental driving forces of NSC for reeds in inland river wetlands, which provided the significant references for enriching the ecology research theory of clonal plants and protection measures in the fragile and sensitive wetlands in arid regions.

Development, photosynthetic activity and habitat selection of the clonal plant Fragaria vesca growing in copper-polluted soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Roiloa ◽  
Rubén Retuerto
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Fragaria Vesca

The ability of clonal systems to spread by ramet production may expose the clone to spatial heterogeneity. This study explored the physiological and morphological responses in the clonal plant Fragaria vesca L. growing in homogeneous (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated) or in heterogeneous environments with patches of contrasting quality (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated). We also investigated the potential of this species to selectively establish ramets within a heterogeneous environment. In heterogeneous environments, plants expanded ramets randomly, but selectively established ramets in the favourable patches. We discuss whether the selective establishment of ramets is a consequence of direct suppression of plant growth due to copper toxicity. The assimilate demand from offspring ramets in unfavourable environments increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of parents by a feedback regulation process. Integration ameliorated the effects of copper on the photochemical efficiency of the offspring ramets. We did not observe integration costs, in terms of total biomass, for parents supporting ramets in Cu-contaminated environments, although we did detect costs in terms of ramet production. Parents with offspring ramets in Cu-contaminated environments produced 25 times more reproductive biomass than parents with offspring ramets in uncontaminated environments. We interpret this as a strategy for escaping from stressful environments. In this study, we extend the concept of physiological integration in clonal plants to include photochemical responses.

scholarly journals An Experiment In Breeding Cut Roses For The Indonesian Highlands

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. de Vries ◽  
, Darliah ◽  
Lidwien A.M. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Scientific Programme ◽  
Plant Research ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Cut Rose ◽  
Location Interaction ◽  
Selection Of

BIOBREES is a co-operative scientific programme between Indonesia and The Netherlands, of which the rose part aims at breeding cut roses adapted to the tropical highland. Within that scope four direct plant characters of 62 cut rose genotypes in different physiological stages were studied. The genotypes originated from cross-breeding in 1995 and successive selection for cut rose properties in populations at Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands, in 1996. Plant stages stuAn died were (i) superior adult seedlings in Wageningen in 1996, (ii) clones grafted onto Natal Briar both in Wageningen and Cipanas in 1997. Clonal Plant Research International, Wageningen, Plant Research International, Wageningen, clonal plants in Cipanas had significantly shorter shoots, more thorns, smaller flowers and fewer petals than the adult seedlings in Wageningen. Clonal plants in Wageningen, however, had significantly longer shoots; more thorns, and larger flowers with more petals than the seedlings in Wageningen. Despite differences in level of expression, for each character the absence of genotype-location interaction was ascertained. The expression of characters as influenced by light (both quantitative and qualitative), temperature and cultivation is discussed in relation to selection of cut roses in the temperate zone, which are adapted to the tropical highland.

scholarly journals Clonal bamboo production based on in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatálya dos Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Alexssandra Jéssica Rondon de Figueiredo ◽  
Gabriela Cristina Rech Tormen ◽  
André Luís Lopes da Silva ◽  
Wellington Ferreira Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

Bamboo species are an alternative for the composition of forest plantations. However, their potential has not been explored due to the hard time in producing large-scale clonal plants. Thus, the aim this work was to evaluate the in vitro establishment, bud multiplication and ex vitro rooting of Bambusa vulgaris. The first experiment tested different systemic and contact fungicide solutions, based on exposure time, during the establishment phase. Established explants were subjected to evaluation of residual fungicide effect on subcultures during the multiplication and elongation phases. The second experiment evaluated the influence of activated carbon on ex vitro survival and on adventitious rooting. Explant immersion in liquid culture medium added with 1.0 mL of fungicide for 120 hours has favored the in vitro establishment and reduced fungal contamination. On the other hand, it favored the shoot emission of shoots per explant during the multiplication phase. Both rooting induction culture medium and mini-incubator system use were effective in enabling adventitious root formation. The presence of activated carbon in the rooting induction culture medium resulted in a higher clonal plant survival rate.  

scholarly journals Distinct responses of frond and root to increasing nutrient availability in a floating clonal plant

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258253
Author(s):  
Yu Jin ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zhang ◽  
Ning-Fei Lei ◽  
Jin-Song Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Big Picture

Current knowledge on responses of aquatic clonal plants to resource availability is largely based on studies manipulating limited resource levels, which may have failed to capture the “big picture” for aquatic clonal plants in response to resource availability. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew the floating clonal plant Spirodela polyrhiza under ten nutrient levels (i.e., 1/64×, 1/32×, 1/16×, 1/8×, 1/4×, 1/2×, 1×, 2×, 4× and 8×full-strength Hoagland solution) and examined their responses in terms of clonal growth, morphology and biomass allocations. The responses of total biomass and number of ramets to nutrient availability were unimodal. A similar pattern was found for frond mass, frond length and frond width, even though area per frond and specific frond area fluctuated greatly in response to nutrient availability. In contrast, the responses of root mass and root length to nutrient availability were U-shaped. Moreover, S. polyrhiza invested more to roots under lower nutrient concentrations. These results suggest that nutrient availability may have distinct influences on roots and fronds of the aquatic clonal plant S. polyrhiza, resulting in a great influence on the whole S. polyrhiza population.

scholarly journals Changes in the growth and reproduction of a clonal plant as a result of disruption of mycorrhizal network

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Martyna Dominiak-Świgoń ◽  
Zbigniew Kasprzykowski ◽  
Marlena Lembicz
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella ◽  
Mycorrhizal Network

In a clonal network, a mother plant is connected with daughter ramets. During network development, new ramets may encounter barriers that disrupt network integrity. As a result, resource allocation within a network is disturbed. In this study, the effect of network integrity disruption on the size of ramets and their sexual reproduction was investigated in mouse-ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilosella). Three types of networks were formed experimentally with unlimited resource allocation, with limited resource allocation between a mother plant and its daughter ramets and with limited resource allocation between all ramets. Networks were either supported by the presence of a mycorrhizal fungus or restricted by its absence. We found that the size of the mother and the effectiveness of sexual reproduction did not differ among network types. The length and dry mass of runners were higher in cases with limited resource exchange between a mother plant and its daughters. In the clonal plant network without any barriers to connection, a higher number of rosettes and lower dry mass of daughters were recorded. The mean number of daughter flowers did not differ among the network types. Mycorrhizal network is one of the most important factors for the sexual reproduction of clonal plants. With a reduced mycorrhizal network, plants invested in clonal growth.

Adaptational significance of variations in DNA methylation in clonal plant Hierochloe glabra (Poaceae) in heterogeneous habitats

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujin Bian ◽  
Dandan Nie ◽  
Fu Xing ◽  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism

As a prominent epigenetic modification, cytosine methylation may play a critical role in the adaptation of plants to different environments. The present study sought to investigate possible impacts of differential levels of nitrogen (N) supply on cytosine-methylation levels of a clonal plant, Hierochloe glabra Trin. (Poaceae). For this purpose, nitrate was applied at concentrations of 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 g N kg–1 soil, and ecologically important morphological traits were measured. The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method was also conducted to analyse the variations in DNA cytosine methylation. Our results showed that N addition reduced CHG cytosine-methylation levels markedly compared with control plants growing in homogeneous pots (P = 0.026). No substantial differences were observed in morphological traits at the end of the growing stage, except for the highest ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass in the medium-N patch (P = 0.008). However, significant linear regression relationships were found between cytosine-methylation levels and morphological traits, such as bud number and rhizome length and biomass. In conclusion, the higher cytosine-methylation level may activate asexual reproduction to produce more offspring and expand plant populations, possibly helping clonal plants to adapt to heterogeneous habitats.

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