Late-Season Nitrogen Applications Increase Soybean Yield and Seed Protein Concentration

Low seed and meal protein concentration in modern high-yielding soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars is a major concern but there is limited information on effective cultural practices to address this issue. In the objective of dealing with this problem, this study conducted field experiments in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate the response of seed and meal protein concentrations to the interactive effects of late-season inputs [control, a liquid Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation at R3, and 202 kg ha−1 nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied after R5], previous cover crop (fallow or cereal cover crop with residue removed), and short- and full-season maturity group cultivars at three U.S. locations (Fayetteville, Arkansas; Lexington, Kentucky; and St. Paul, Minnesota). The results showed that cover crops had a negative effect on yield in two out of six site-years and decreased seed protein concentration by 8.2 mg g−1 on average in Minnesota. Inoculant applications at R3 did not affect seed protein concentration or yield. The applications of N fertilizer after R5 increased seed protein concentration by 6 to 15 mg g−1, and increased yield in Arkansas by 13% and in Minnesota by 11% relative to the unfertilized control. This study showed that late-season N applications can be an effective cultural practice to increase soybean meal protein concentration in modern high-yielding cultivars above the minimum threshold required by the industry. New research is necessary to investigate sustainable management practices that increase N availability to soybeans late in the season.

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Leaf Photosynthesis and Senescence in Heated and Droughted Field-grown Soybean with Contrasting Seed Protein Concentration

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Verónica V. Ergo ◽

Rodolfo E. Veas ◽

Claudia R.C. Vega ◽

Ramiro Lascano ◽

Constanza S. Carrera

Keyword(s):

Protein Concentration ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Leaf Photosynthesis ◽

Seed Protein Concentration

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Effect of Winter Cover Crops on Soil Nitrogen Availability, Corn Yield, and Nitrate Leaching

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.267 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. Kuo ◽

B. Huang ◽

R. Bembenek

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Leaching ◽

Corn Yield ◽

N Availability ◽

Soil N ◽

Soil N Availability ◽

N Concentration ◽

Fertilizer Rates

Biculture of nonlegumes and legumes could serve as cover crops for increasing main crop yield, while reducing NO3leaching. This study, conducted from 1994 to 1999, determined the effect of monocultured cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and bicultured rye/vetch and ryegrass/vetch on N availability in soil, corn (Zea mays L.) yield, and NO3-N leaching in a silt loam soil. The field had been in corn and cover crop rotation since 1987. In addition to the cover crop treatments, there were four N fertilizer rates (0, 67, 134, and 201 kg N ha-1, referred to as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively) applied to corn. The experiment was a randomized split-block design with three replications for each treatment. Lysimeters were installed in 1987 at 0.75 m below the soil surface for leachate collection for the N0, N2, and N3treatments. The result showed that vetch monoculture had the most influence on soil N availability and corn yield, followed by the bicultures. Rye or ryegrass monoculture had either no effect or an adverse effect on corn yield and soil N availability. Leachate NO3-N concentration was highest where vetch cover crop was planted regardless of N rates, which suggests that N mineralization of vetch N continued well into the fall and winter. Leachate NO3-N concentration increased with increasing N fertilizer rates and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s drinking water standard of 10 mg N l�1 even at recommended N rate for corn in this region (coastal Pacific Northwest). In comparisons of the average NO3-N concentration during the period of high N leaching, monocultured rye and ryegrass or bicultured rye/vetch and ryegrass/vetch very effectively decreased N leaching in 1998 with dry fall weather. The amount of N available for leaching (determined based on the presidedress nitrate test, the amount of N fertilizer applied, and N uptake) correlated well with average NO3-N during the high N leaching period for vetch cover crop treatment and for the control without the cover crops. The correlation, however, failed for other cover crops largely because of variable effectiveness of the cover crops in reducing NO3leaching during the 5 years of this study. Further research is needed to determine if relay cover crops planted into standing summer crops is a more appropriate approach than fall seeding in this region to gain sufficient growth of the cover crop by fall. Testing with other main crops that have earlier harvest dates than corn is also needed to further validate the effectiveness of the bicultures to increase soil N availability while protecting the water quality.

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OAC Bruton soybean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2018-0131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1389-1391

Author(s):

S. Torabi ◽

B.T. Stirling ◽

J. Kobler ◽

M. Eskandari

Keyword(s):

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Seed Protein Concentration ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Group 1 ◽

High Yield Potential

OAC Bruton is an indeterminate large-seeded food-grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with high yield potential, high seed protein concentration, and resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN). OAC Bruton is developed and recommended for soybean growing areas in southwestern Ontario with 2950 or greater crop heat units. OAC Bruton is classified as a maturity group 1 (MG1) cultivar with a relative maturity of 1.8.

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Regulation of Seed Protein Concentration in Soybean by Supra-Optimal Nitrogen Supply

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2000.4051277x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1277-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sutkhet Nakasathien ◽

Daniel W. Israel ◽

Richard F. Wilson ◽

Prachuab Kwanyuen

Keyword(s):

Protein Concentration ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Seed Protein Concentration

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THE EFFECTS OF 2-CHLORO-6 (TRICHLOROMETHYL)-PYRIDINE (’N-SERVE’) AND N FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF CANADIAN OILSEED RAPE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-120 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 979-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L. D. BAILEY

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Protein Content ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Oil Content ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer N ◽

N Fertilizers ◽

Herbage Yield ◽

Meal Protein

’N-Serve’ has been shown to reduce losses of applied N-fertilizer and thereby increase fertilizer N-utilization by plants. This study was undertaken to test the effects of ’N-Serve’ on fertilizer N efficiency in oilseed rape production and quality. Field experiments were conducted on two chernozemic soils over 4 yr in Manitoba. The oilseed rape cultivars Tower (Brassica napus L.) and Torch (B. campestris) were used in the study. Spring and fall applied ammonium nitrate, urea and fluid-N, with and without ’N-Serve’ delayed flowering and increased the herbage yield of both oilseed rape cultivars. The number of days from full pod to maturity was increased with application of N fertilizers, but the number of days from flowering to full pod was constant. Increased herbage yield and total plant N at flowering was reflected in increased seed yield and meal protein content, but decreased oil content. ’N-Serve’ applied with and without N fertilizer reduced oil content and oil yield. However, when ’N-Serve’ was applied in the fall with urea and fluid-N it improved their efficiency, resulting in higher seed yields and meal protein content equivalent to that of spring applications. ’N-Serve’ used with fall applied ammonium nitrate or with all three sources of spring applied N had no similar effect. It is concluded that ’N-Serve’ should not be applied to oilseed rape, mainly because of its negative effect on seed oil content.Key words: Oilseed rape, ammonium nitrate, urea, fluid-N, chernozemic soil, protein, oil

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OAC ARTHUR soybean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p00-147 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 439-440

Author(s):

J. W. Tanner ◽

I. Rajcan ◽

B. M. Luzzi ◽

P. Gostovic ◽

W. Montminy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Key Words ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Soybean Cultivar ◽

Heat Unit ◽

Seed Protein Concentration ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

Stalk Strength

OAC Arthur is a 2650 crop heat unit soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar, which significantly out yielded the check cultivars, has adequate stalk strength and superior seed protein concentration. Key words: Soybean, cultivar description

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Ozone Induced Loss of Seed Protein Accumulation Is Larger in Soybean than in Wheat and Rice

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10030357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Malin Broberg ◽

Sara Daun ◽

Håkan Pleijel

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

N Fixation ◽

Seed Protein Concentration ◽

Different Response ◽

Positive Effect

We investigated the effects of ozone (O3) on seed protein accumulation in soybean, rice, and wheat based on existing literature. We identified 30, 10, and 32 datasets meeting the requirements for soybean, rice, and wheat, respectively. Data for each crop were combined in response regressions for seed protein concentration, seed protein yield, and seed yield. Although seed yield in rice was less sensitive to O3 than in wheat, there was a significant positive effect of O3 on the seed protein concentration of the same magnitude in both crops. Soybean, an N-fixing high-protein crop, responded differently. Even though the effect on seed yield was similar to wheat, there was no indication of any effect of O3 on seed protein concentration in soybean. The negative influence of O3 on seed protein yield was statistically significant for soybean and wheat. The effect was larger for soybean (slope of response function: −0.58% per ppb O3) than for wheat (slope: −0.44% per ppb) and especially compared to rice (slope: −0.08% per ppb). The different response of protein concentration in soybean, likely to be associated with adverse O3 effects on N fixation, has large implications for global protein production because of the much higher absolute protein concentration in soybean.

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