scholarly journals Selenium Biofortification Modulates Plant Growth, Microelement and Heavy Metal Concentrations, Selenium Uptake, and Accumulation in Black-Grained Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Shuhua Huang ◽  
Zonghao Jiang ◽  
Yizhao Wang ◽  
Zhengmao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Selenium Uptake ◽  
Promising Strategy

In Se-deficient populations, Selenium- (Se-) enriched wheat is a source of Se supplementation, and Se content can be improved by agronomic biofortification. Thus, black-grained wheat (BGW) and white-grained wheat (WGW) (as the control) were grown in Se naturally contained soils at different concentrations (11.02, 2.21, 2.02, and 0.20 mg·kg−1). Then, a field experiment was conducted to assess agronomic performance, the concentration of microelements and heavy metals, and the uptake and distribution of Se in the BGW under the application of Se ore powder. The results showed that the grain yield and grain Se concentration of wheat respectively show a significant increase and decrease from high Se to low Se areas. Higher grain yield and crude protein content were observed in Se-rich areas. The soil application of Se ore powder increased wheat grain yield and its components (biomass, harvest index, grain number, and 1,000 kernels weight). The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, total Se, and organic Se in the grains of wheat were also increased, but Cu concentration was decreased. The concentrations of Pb, As, Hg, and Cr in wheat grains were below the China food regulation limits following the soil application of Se ore powder. Compared with the control, Se ore powder treatment increased the uptake of Se in various parts of wheat plants. More Se accumulation was observed in roots following Se ore powder application, with a smaller amount in grains. In addition, compared with the control, BGW had significantly higher concentrations of Zn, Fe, and Mn and accumulated more Se in grains and shoots and less Se in roots. The results indicate that wheat grown in Se-rich areas increases its grain yield and crude protein content. The soil application of Se ore powder promotes wheat growth and grain yield. Compared with WGW, BGW accumulated more Se in grains and had a higher concentration of organic Se in grains. In conclusion, the application of Se ore powder from Ziyang as Se-enriched fertilizer could be a promising strategy for Se biofortification in the case of wheat, and BGW is the most Se-rich potential genotype.

Impact of mineral and complex fertilizers on grain yield of winter rye in Northwest Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.В. Дятлова ◽  
Е.С. Волкова ◽  
Т.В. Шайкова
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grain Productivity

В исследованиях были изучены способы внесения комплексных удобрений: предпосевная обработка семян комплексным удобрением «Микромак» и двухкратное некорневое внесение препаратов «Кодима Р», «Кодафол», «Микроэл», «Страда N» на двух фонах минеральных удобрений. Внесение минеральных удобрений в дозах N40P50K70 в качестве основного удобрения способствовало повышению зерновой продуктивности на 0,29–0,66 т/га, или на 7,0–16,0% к контролю. Все изучаемые препараты — «Кодима Р», «Кодафол», «Микроэл», «Страда N» — при некорневом внесении, а также комплексное удобрение «Микромак» при обработке семян перед посевом оказывали положительное влияние на урожайность зерна озимой ржи. В вариантах с допосевной обработкой семян препаратом «Микромак» и двухкратным весенним внесением комплексного удобрения «Страда N» на фоне минеральных удобрений N40P50K70 зерновая продуктивность озимой ржи увеличилась на 0,46 т/га, а на фоне N40P50K70 + N20 + некорневая подкормка препаратом «Микроэл» — на 0,33 т/га за счёт формирования большего числа продуктивных стеблей и массы 1000 зёрен. Предпосевная обработка семян препаратом «Микромак» повысила урожайность озимой ржи в контрольном варианте на 0,31 т/га. Отмечено положительное действие данного препарата на элементы структуры урожая: увеличилось число продуктивных стеблей с 2,9 до 3,6 шт., масса 1000 зёрен выросла с 29,0 до 30,4 г. Содержание сырого протеина в зерне ржи в вариантах без обработки семян было на уровне 6,4–9,8%, а с обработкой препаратом «Микромак» — от 9,4 до 12,1%. Выход сырого протеина с урожаем зерна в данных вариантах был более высоким и составил 450–600 кг/га, что на 130–160 кг/га больше, чем в вариантах без обработки. Применение комплексных универсальных удобрений «Микроэл» и «Страда N» на фоне N40P50K70 обеспечивало дополнительный сбор сырого протеина на уровне 110 кг/га. The research tested the application of complex fertilizers such as seed treatment with “Mikromak” and double topdressing by “Kodima R”, “Kodafol”, “Mikroel”, and “Strada N” on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition. Application of N40P50K70 increased grain productivity by 0.29–0.66 t ha-1 or 7.0–16.0%. All the preparations positively affected grain yield of winter rye. “Mikromak” and “Strada N” improved grain productivity by 0.46 t ha-1 on the background of N40P50K70 while “Mikromak” and “Mikroel” — by 0.33 t ha-1 on the background of N40P50K70 + N20 due to high number of reproductive stems and 1000 kernel weight. Seed treatment by “Mikromak” improved productivity of control plants by 0.31 t ha-1. “Mikromak” positively affected the number of productive stems from 2.9 to 3.6 pcs, 1000 kernel weight increased from 29.0 to 30.4 g. Crude protein content reached 6.4–9.8% in untreated seeds and 9.4–12.1% — when using “Mikromak”. Crude protein yield amounted to 450–600 kg ha-1 under “Mikromak” application exceeding the untreated variants by 130–160 kg ha-1. Application of “Mikroel” and “Strada N” provided the increase in crude protein of 90–110 kg ha-1 on the background of N40P50K70.

scholarly journals YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF VARIETIES AND CULTIVARS OF WHITE LUPINE (LUPINUS ALBUS L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
O.P. Ptashnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Lupinus Albus L

Due to the lack of irrigation, the question of replacing soybean with an equivalent crop in the context of nutritional value and adaptation to the weather conditions of Crimea arises. One of such crops can be white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). The purpose of the research was twofold: assess L. albus productivity and crude protein content in grain; identify the most promising varieties and breeding numbers of white lupine under conditions of the steppe Crimea. In 2016-2018, the research was carried out on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea according to the B.A. Dospekhov methods of field research and methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops. We studied the influence of bioclimatic conditions of the steppe Crimea on the growth, development, grain yield formation and protein content of four varieties (‘Michurinsky’, ‘Alyi Parus’ (standard), ‘Dega’ and ‘Desnyansky 2’) and four promising breeding numbers (‘CH-1022-09’, ‘CH-1677-10’, ‘CH-1397-10’ and ‘CH-6-11’). A wide diversity of weather conditions during the years of research made it possible to evaluate the samples in favorable and stressful conditions. In drier years, the growing season lasted 93–97 days because of the reduction in interphase periods; in milder ones it was101 days. The results in grain yield have been mixed: from 0.48 to 1.45 t/ha in 2016; from 0.35 to 0.56 t/ha in 2017; from 0.39 to 0.54 t/ha in 2018. On average, over a three-year study, breeding numbers ‘CH-1022-09’ and ‘CH-1677-10’ were the most productive. Their yield was 0.65 and 0.81 t/ha, respectively. In 2017, crude protein content varied from 24.02 to 28.49%; in 2018 – from 26.05 to 31.1%. On average, over the years of study, the highest protein content was typical for the varieties ‘Alyi Parus’ (29.30%) and ‘Michurinsky’ (29.03%). Breeding numbers ‘CH-1022-09’ and ‘CH-1677-10’ were distinguished by the highest indicators of productivity and yield; in terms of crude protein content, varieties ‘Alyi Parus’ and ‘Michurinsky’ were the best. Consequently, they are the ones that are recommended for cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of pea and spring cereals intercropping on grain yield and crude protein content

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zydrė Kadziulienė ◽  
Lina Sarūnaitė ◽  
Irena Deveikytė
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Spring Cereals

scholarly journals Grain yield and kernel crude protein content increases of maize hybrids with late nitrogen side-dressing

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Regis Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Mércio Luiz Strieder ◽  
Rúbia Patrícia da Silva Coser ◽  
Lisandro Rambo ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
The Impact

Physiological changes incorporated into current maize hybrids suggest the occurrence of modifications in the nitrogen uptake dynamics, improving plant ability to uptake N during grain filling. This may justify late N side-dressing whenever environmental constraints prevent adequate nitrogen supply during crops vegetative development. This study evaluates effects of nitrogen fertilization at booting and silking on grain yield and kernel crude protein contents of commercial maize hybrids. Two experiments were set up in Eldorado do Sul, RS, during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing seasons. In 2001/2002, treatments were composed of two hybrids (Agroceres 303 and Pioneer 32R21), three nitrogen rates applied during maize vegetative development (30, 80 and 130 kg ha-1) and three nitrogen rates applied at silking (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1). In 2002/2003, four hybrids (Agroceres 303, Pioneer 32R21, Dekalb 215 and Syngenta Penta) and four nitrogen rates side-dressed at booting (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) were assessed. There were significant increments in grain yield and kernel crude protein content with nitrogen fertilization at booting and silking. Grain yield response to late N side-dressing differed among cultivars. The impact of nitrogen fertilization at silking was higher at the smallest rate of N during the plant vegetative development. Enhancements in grain yield with late N side-dressing resulted from increases in grain weight. Modern hybrids can uptake nitrogen during silking, contradicting the hypothesis that late N side-dressing is not efficient to improve maize grain yield.

scholarly journals Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland III. Effect on the quality of grain yield

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Paavo Elonen ◽  
Lasse Nieminen ◽  
Osmo Kara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Stage Of Development

In the present paper the effect of irrigation on the ripening and on the quality of grain yield in the dry summers 1964—1966 was studied. Both the ripening and the quality of grain were found to be highly dependent on the date of irrigation. There was a distinct transitional period, before which irrigation speeded up ripening, decreased the amount of green grains and improved hectoliter weights and »falling numbers». On the contrary, if irrigation was applied after this transitional period, ripening was retarded and the quality of grains was impaired in regard to these properties. This transitional period was in the experimental years about two weeks before ear emergence or about Midsummer. The optimum period of irrigation, in regard to both yield level and to its ripening and quality, was in the middle between sprouting and ear emergence and its length was about two weeks. Wheat, barley and oats all responded to the date of irrigation in about the same way. The placement of fertilizers into the depth of 8—12 cm speeded up ripening and improved hectoliter weights. Particularly, it decreased the unfavourable effect of too late irrigation. The rate of fertilizers had no great influence on the quality of grains. Irrigation did not increase the weight of grains, but it increased the number of grains. The main effect of irrigation was likely to be caused by the tillering of crops, and these adventitious shoots had time to ripen, if irrigation was applied at a sufficiently early stage of development. The crude protein content of both wheat, barley and oats was markedly decreased by irrigation independently of the date of it. This decrease was usually the greater the higher yield was obtained. The decrease in the crude protein content indicates a shortage of nitrogen which was likely to be caused by the scanty mobilizeable resources of nitrogen in the soils long cultivated without leys. Obviously, this unfavourable decrease in the crude protein content could have been prevented with heavy dressings of fertilizer nitrogen.

EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT ON FORAGE YIELD AND SUBSEQUENT GRAIN PRODUCTION OF WINTER RYE

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
F. S. Warren ◽  
J. E. Langille
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Forage Yields

Forage yields of Dominant winter rye clipped in the spring in a series of 12 treatments ranged from about [Formula: see text] ton to over 2 tons of D.M./acre. Clipping reduced grain yields by at least 10% and several clipping treatments prevented any grain production. The lowest forage yield and the least reduction in grain yield resulted from a single early clipping. Forage yield increased by [Formula: see text] ton D.M./acre for each week’s delay in clipping with correspondingly greater reduction in grain yield. Crude protein content of the forage decreased from 25 to 13% in a 3-week period. Increased forage yields were obtained when the interval between repeated clipping was increased from 1 to 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Protein levels were maintained at over 25% for 3 months with weekly clipping. Height, maturity, and ergot incidence were adversely affected by all clipping treatments.

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