scholarly journals Attention Guides the Motor-Timing Strategies in Finger-Tapping Tasks When Moving Fast and Slow

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ségolène M. R. Guérin ◽  
Juliette Boitout ◽  
Yvonne N. Delevoye-Turrell
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Motor Complexity ◽  
Timing Strategies

Human beings adapt the spontaneous pace of their actions to interact with the environment. Yet, the nature of the mechanism enabling such adaptive behavior remains poorly understood. The aim of the present contribution was to examine the role of attention in motor timing using (a) time series analysis, and (b) a dual task paradigm. In a series of two studies, a finger-tapping task was used in sensorimotor synchronization with various tempi (from 300 to 1,100 ms) and motor complexity (one target vs. six targets). Time series analyzes indicated that two different timing strategies were used depending on the speed constraints. At slow tempi, tapping sequences were characterized by strong negative autocorrelations, suggesting the implication of cognitive predictive timing. When moving at fast and close-to-spontaneous tempi, tapping sequences were characterized by less negative autocorrelations, suggesting that timing properties emerged from body movement dynamics. The analysis of the dual-task reaction times confirmed that both the temporal and spatial constraints impacted the attentional resources allocated to the finger-tapping tasks. Overall, our work suggests that moving fast and slow involve distinct timing strategies that are characterized by contrasting attentional demands.

scholarly journals A general procedure to measure the pacing of body movements timed to music and metronome in younger and older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Rose ◽  
Laurent Ott ◽  
Ségolène M. R. Guérin ◽  
Lucy E. Annett ◽  
Peter Lovatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Entrainment Effect

AbstractFinger-tapping tasks are classically used to investigate sensorimotor synchronization in relation to neutral auditory cues, such as metronomes. However, music is more commonly associated with an entrained bodily response, such as toe tapping, or dancing. Here we report an experimental procedure that was designed to bridge the gap between timing and intervention studies by directly comparing the effects of metronome and musical cue types on motor timing abilities across the three naturalistic voluntary actions of finger tapping, toe tapping, and stepping on the spot as a simplified case of whole body movement. Both pacing cues were presented at slow, medium, and fast tempi. The findings suggested that the task of stepping on the spot enabled better timing performances than tapping both in younger and older adults (75+). Timing performances followed an inverse U shape with best performances observed in the medium tempi that were set close to the spontaneous motor tempo in each movement type. Finally, music provided an entrainment effect in addition to pace setting that enabled better motor timing and greater stability than classically reported using a metronome. By applying time-stamp analyses to kinetic data, we demonstrate that tapping and stepping engage different timing modes. This work details the importance of translational research for a better understanding of motor timing. It offers a simple procedure that strengthens the validity of applying academic work and contributes in knowledge towards a wide range of therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Implementation of IoT Framework with Data Analysis Using Deep Learning Methods for Occupancy Prediction in a Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Eric Hitimana ◽  
Gaurav Bajpai ◽  
Richard Musabe ◽  
Louis Sibomana ◽  
Jayavel Kayalvizhi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Feed Forward Network

Many countries worldwide face challenges in controlling building incidence prevention measures for fire disasters. The most critical issues are the localization, identification, detection of the room occupant. Internet of Things (IoT) along with machine learning proved the increase of the smartness of the building by providing real-time data acquisition using sensors and actuators for prediction mechanisms. This paper proposes the implementation of an IoT framework to capture indoor environmental parameters for occupancy multivariate time-series data. The application of the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Deep Learning algorithm is used to infer the knowledge of the presence of human beings. An experiment is conducted in an office room using multivariate time-series as predictors in the regression forecasting problem. The results obtained demonstrate that with the developed system it is possible to obtain, process, and store environmental information. The information collected was applied to the LSTM algorithm and compared with other machine learning algorithms. The compared algorithms are Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes Network, and Multilayer Perceptron Feed-Forward Network. The outcomes based on the parametric calibrations demonstrate that LSTM performs better in the context of the proposed application.

Modeling of Psychomotor Reactions of a Person Based on Modification of the Tapping Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Lesia Mochurad ◽  
Yaroslav Hladun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Finger Tapping Test

The paper considers the method for analysis of a psychophysical state of a person on psychomotor indicators – finger tapping test. The app for mobile phone that generalizes the classic tapping test is developed for experiments. Developed tool allows collecting samples and analyzing them like individual experiments and like dataset as a whole. The data based on statistical methods and optimization of hyperparameters is investigated for anomalies, and an algorithm for reducing their number is developed. The machine learning model is used to predict different features of the dataset. These experiments demonstrate the data structure obtained using finger tapping test. As a result, we gained knowledge of how to conduct experiments for better generalization of the model in future. A method for removing anomalies is developed and it can be used in further research to increase an accuracy of the model. Developed model is a multilayer recurrent neural network that works well with the classification of time series. Error of model learning on a synthetic dataset is 1.5% and on a real data from similar distribution is 5%.

Microwave-Assisted Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Nicks ◽  
Yannick Borguet ◽  
Sébastien Delfosse ◽  
Dario Bicchielli ◽  
Lionel Delaude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Hydrogenation Reactions ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

Since the first reports on the use of microwave irradiation to accelerate organic chemical transformations, a plethora of papers has been published in this field. In most examples, microwave heating has been shown to dramatically reduce reaction times, increase product yields, and enhance product purity by reducing unwanted side reactions compared with conventional heating methods. The present contribution aims at illustrating the advantages of this technology in homogeneous catalysis by ruthenium complexes and, when data are available, at comparing microwave-heated and conventionally heated experiments. Selected examples refer to olefin metathesis, isomerization reactions, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, atom transfer radical reactions, transfer hydrogenation reactions, and H/D exchange reactions.

Factor Momentum Everywhere

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sharpe Ratio ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Stock Performance ◽  
Timing Strategies ◽  
Return Factors

In this article, the authors document robust momentum behavior in a large collection of 65 widely studied characteristic-based equity factors around the globe. They show that, in general, individual factors can be reliably timed based on their own recent performance. A time-series factor momentum portfolio that combines timing strategies of all factors earns an annual Sharpe ratio of 0.84. Factor momentum adds significant incremental performance to investment strategies that employ traditional momentum, industry momentum, value, and other commonly studied factors. The results demonstrate that the momentum phenomenon is driven in large part by persistence in common return factors and not solely by persistence in idiosyncratic stock performance.

THE INFLUENCE OF TDCS INTENSITY ON DECISION-MAKING TRAINING AND TRANSFER OUTCOMES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane E Ehrhardt ◽  
Hannah L. Filmer ◽  
Yohan Wards ◽  
Jason B Mattingley ◽  
Paul E Dux
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Task Component ◽  
Task Practice ◽  
Task Training ◽  
Performance Gains

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to improve single- and dual-task performance in healthy participants and enhance transferable training gains following multiple sessions of combined stimulation and task-practice. However, it has yet to be determined what the optimal stimulation dose is for facilitating such outcomes. We aimed to test the effects of different tDCS intensities, with a commonly used electrode montage, on performance outcomes in a multi-session single/dual-task training and transfer protocol. In a pre-registered study, 123 participants, who were pseudorandomised across four groups, each completed six sessions (pre- and post-training sessions and four combined tDCS and training sessions) and received 20 minutes of prefrontal anodal tDCS at 0.7 mA, 1.0 mA, 2.0 mA, or 15-second sham stimulation. Response time and accuracy were assessed in trained and untrained tasks. The 1.0 mA group showed substantial improvements in single-task reaction time and dual-task accuracy, with additional evidence for improvements in dual-task reaction times, relative to sham performance. This group also showed near transfer to the single-task component of an untrained multitasking paradigm. The 0.7 mA and 2.0 mA intensities varied in which performance measures they improved on the trained task, but in sum, the effects were less robust than for the 1.0 mA group and there was no evidence for the transfer of performance. Our study highlights that training performance gains are augmented by tDCS, but their magnitude and nature are not uniform across stimulation intensity.

Time Series Analysis of Ultrasonic Observations of Gross Fetal Body Movements during the Last 10 Weeks of Pregnancy

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Campbell ◽  
Ian MacNeill ◽  
John Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Significant Power ◽  
First Order ◽  
Auto Regression

Thirty fetuses were observed for 24 hours and one fetus was observed for 20 hours during the last 10 weeks of gestation. Observations were made of the amount of gross fetal body movement in each successive 5 minute observation epoch, thus resulting in 30 time series of 288 observations and one time series of 240 observations. Spectral analysis of these time series demonstrated the presence of significant power in the frequency range of 0.002 to 0.0175 cpm. Application of Box-Jenkins techniques to the time series resulted in the choice of a first-order auto-regression model to fit the data. It was concluded that the incidence of episodes of gross fetal body movements were non-random and were, in fact, pseudoperiodic.

Cortical Representation of Swallowing: A Modified Dual Task Paradigm

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1029-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Daniels ◽  
David M. Corey ◽  
Cristen L. Barnes ◽  
Nikki M. Faucheaux ◽  
Daniel H. Priestly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Left Index Finger ◽  
Cortical Representation ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

It is unclear whether the cortical representation of swallowing is lateralized to the left cerebral hemisphere, right hemisphere, or bilaterally represented. As dysphagia is common in acute stroke, it is important to elucidate swallowing lateralization to facilitate earlier detection of stroke patients who may be at greater risk for dysphagia and aspiration. In this study, a modified dual task paradigm was designed to study laterality of swallowing in a group of 14 healthy, young, right-handed, male adults. The subjects were studied at baseline and with interference. Baseline conditions, performed separately, were continuous swallowing, finger tapping using the right and left index fingers, and word repetition. Interference tasks, including tapping with the right index finger, tapping with the left index finger, and word repetition, were completed with and without swallowing. Finger-tapping rate was measured, and x-ray samples of the swallowing task were taped to measure swallowing rate and volume swallowed. At baseline, the rate of tapping the right index finger was significantly faster than that of the left index finger. There was a significant decline in the tapping rates of both left and right index fingers with swallowing interference. The volume per swallow was significantly reduced during the interfering language task of silent repetition. These results offer partial support for a bilateral representation of swallowing as well as suggest an important left hemispheric contribution to swallowing. However, it cannot be concluded that the left hemisphere is more important than the right, as a comparable right hemisphere task was not studied.

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