scholarly journals Interpretation of Quantities Displayed in Pictorial Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Rolfes
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
University Students ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Quadratic Relationship

This brief research report presents an experiment investigating how people interpret quantities displayed in pictorial charts. Pictorial charts are a popular form of data visualization in media. They represent different quantities with differently scaled pictures. In the present study, 63 university students answered a 12-item questionnaire containing three different pictorial charts. The study aimed to evaluate how individuals perceive the quantities in the pictorial charts intuitively. Therefore, the students’ answers were not rated as correct or incorrect. Instead, it was analyzed which functional relationship between scale factor and estimated quantity best described people’s interpretation of pictorial charts. The experiment showed that, on average, a model assuming a quadratic relationship fitted best. This result deviates from research that found an overgeneralization of linearity when students compare the areas of two mathematically similar shapes. It may be that the routines for the interpretation of pictures differ considerably depending on whether a person must calculate a quantity arithmetically or is prompted to estimate the quantity based on visual perception.

Message Framing and Color Combination in the Perception of Medical Information

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hung Chien
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
White Background ◽  
Color Combination ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Black Characters ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
To Receive

A 2 × 2 between-subjects design was used to examine the effects of message framing (gain vs loss) and color combination (red background with white characters vs white background with black characters) on 120 university students' perception of materials promoting the H1N1 flu vaccine and their willingness to receive the vaccine after they had read the materials. Each participant completed a 6-item questionnaire, and the results of an analysis of variance showed that participants rated vaccine information presented through loss-framed messages as having greater interest and leading to greater understanding. Loss-framed messages presented on a white background with black characters significantly increased the willingness of the participants to receive the vaccine.

scholarly journals Attitudes of University Students towards the "New History of Bahrain and Citizenship" Course in view of Some Variables

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sharaf Mohammed Al-Mezaal
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Academic Year

The aim of this study is to measure the attitudes of Bahrain University (BU) students towards the "New History of Bahrain and Citizenship" Course and to show differences in students' attitudes based on certain variables developed specifically for this study. To achieve this, the author developed a 50-item questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale, based on literature review available on this field, with half of the questionnaire items worded negatively. Adequate methods were used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The developed tool was then administered to 220 students enrolled in the above-mentioned course in the summer semester of the academic year 2015/2016. Overall, the findings of the study show that BU students demonstrated positively-oriented neutral attitudes towards the said course. Moreover, the findings show statistically significant differences in students' attitudes towards the "New History of Bahrain and Citizenship" Course.  This can be attributed to the average time students spend at home to study the course and to the section which the students register in. No statistically significant differences, however, were observed between students' attitudes that could be attributed to gender, college, year of study and grade point average (GPA). In view of this, it is recommended that the course specifications are to be reconsidered, and the methods of teaching and assessment be improved. Students should also be encouraged to connect the course to their real life. 

scholarly journals Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale: Construction and evidence of validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rízia Félix de MELO ◽  
Silvana Carneiro MACIEL ◽  
Marcelo Xavier de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Leoncio Francisco CAMINO ◽  
Thayro Andrade CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The One ◽  
Composite Reliability

Abstract The aim of this study was to construct and seek evidence for the validity of the Escala de Benevolência frente à Esquizofrenia (Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale). Two studies were conducted in Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Study 1 describes the development and evidence of the factor validity of the Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale with a sample composed of 200 university students aged 16 to 51 years old (M = 25.31; SD = 7.21). The data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, which revealed one single seven-item factor that explained 37.74% of the variance and a satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha (0.77). The aim of Study 2 was to test the goodness-of-fit of the Benevolence Toward Schizophrenia Scale factor structure with a sample composed of 200 university students aged 16 to 52 years old (M = 24.82; SD = 6.97). The one-factor structure exhibited adequate goodness-of-fit; the composite reliability value was 0.83, which indicates scale stability and satisfactory psychometric parameters for assessing benevolent prejudice toward schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The Spatial-Perceptual Design Space: A New Comprehension for Data Visualization

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Fernando Rodrigues ◽  
Agma JM Traina ◽  
Maria Cristina F. de Oliveira ◽  
Caetano Traina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Human Visual Perception ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
Visualization Design

We revisit the design space of visualizations aiming at identifying and relating its components. In this sense, we establish a model to examine the process through which visualizations become expressive for users. This model has lead us to a taxonomy oriented to the human visual perception. The essence of this taxonomy provides natural criteria in order to delineate a novel understanding for the design space of visualizations. From such understanding, we elaborate a model for generalized design. The model poses an intuitive comprehension for the visualization design space departing from fundamental pre-attentive stimuli and from perceptual phenomena. The paper is presented as a survey, its structure introduces an alternative conceptual organization for the space of techniques concerning visual analysis.

scholarly journals A Brief Research Report on the Perception and Satisfaction of Italian University Students With Disabilities and Specific Learning Disabilities at the Emergency Remote Teaching During the COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Carpinelli ◽  
Giorgia Bruno ◽  
Giulia Savarese
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
University Students ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Specific Learning

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably transformed face-to-face teaching to remote teaching (e-learning or blended) which has had psychological and social impacts on the mental health of university students.Object: In this study, we surveyed university students with disabilities and specific learning disabilities (SLDs) on their perceptions of and satisfaction with emergency remote teaching (ERT) during the lockdown phase (March–April 2020) and following restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared the responses of students with disabilities and SLDs with those of normotypical students.Methodology: A questionnaire was completed remotely: five items on the ERT were designed as ad hoc questions and five items were taken from the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12) to evaluate physical and mental self-perceived health. There was a total of 163 students surveyed, 67 students with disabilities and/or SLDs and 96 normotypical students.Results and Conclusion: Students with disabilities and SLDs were more satisfied with remote teaching than the normotypical students. In fact, only 22% of the students with disabilities or SLDs indicated that they were dissatisfied with the teaching method used due to difficulties encountered, including those related to a weak technological infrastructure. We found that among all the students, important social and emotional aspects emerged as a consequence of the absence of interactions and relationships with both faculty and peer groups.

scholarly journals logical-meaningful model of the formation of a culture of educational and research activities among junior university students in the process of teaching English

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Samsonova ◽  
Roman Shkilev
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The University ◽  
Junior Students

The purpose of the study is to develop a model for the formation of a culture of educational and research activities among junior students of the university in the process of their teaching English. The article concretizes the concept of "model", examines various types of models and methodological approaches to their construction. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a logical-meaningful model of the formation of the culture of educational and research activities among junior students of the university in the process of teaching English. As a result, it was concluded that the most important property of the developed model is its integrity: the model gives a generalized description of the object of research, isolates the most significant sides for the study, makes it possible to establish a functional relationship between the parameters under study, to increase students' motivation for learning, the development of creative and creative abilities, as well as active research activities.

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