scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Employment Returns to Education and Health Status in China: Moderating Role of Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yahong ◽  
Salim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Individual

Based on the nationally representative sample data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS-2015), this study examines the relationship of education levels and health status with an individual's probability of being employed in China. The findings obtained from the binary logistic regression estimator suggest that people with a higher level of education were more likely to be employed than those who have less or no education. The individual with university or above education was found to be 85% more likely to be employed than college or equal diploma holders. Further, the healthier individual was found to be 11% more likely to be employed than relatively less healthy. Moreover, the resulting coefficients obtained from the moderation effect suggest that all of the two-way interaction effects among health status and education levels with gender are not statistically significant even at the 10% level. The results suggest that there was no multiplicative effect of gender with health status and level of education on an individual's probability of being employed. Further, the study also suggests important policy implications in the light of China's active labor force market and the gender gap in employment.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

scholarly journals The Uptake and Vaccination Willingness of COVID-19 Vaccine among Chinese Residents: Web-Based Online Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Yi Kong ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Zhisheng Liu ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Dehua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

Objective: To investigate the uptake and vaccination willingness of the COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese residents and analyze the difference and factors that impact vaccination. Methods: The snowball sampling method was used to distribute online questionnaires. Relevant sociodemographic data along with the circumstances of COVID-19 vaccination were collected from the respondents. The χ2 test, independent samples t test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 786 respondents, 84.22% had been vaccinated. Over 80% of the vaccinated population have completed all the injections because of supporting the national vaccination policies of China, while the unvaccinated population (23.91%) is mainly due to personal health status. Meanwhile, statistical analysis revealed that the main predictors of not being vaccinated were younger age (3 to 18 years old), personal health status, and lower vaccinated proportion of family members and close friends (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a high level of uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in China, and people who have not been vaccinated generally had a low willingness to vaccinate in the future. Based on our results, it suggested the next work to expand the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination should be concentrated on targeted publicity and education for people who have not been vaccinated.

scholarly journals Patient’s knowledge about HIV and willingness toward rapid HIV oral testing in dental settings, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5349
Author(s):  
Vibha Joshi ◽  
Nitin Kumar Joshi ◽  
Komal Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Test ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Difference

Background: As various dental procedures can transmit HIV, rapid HIV oral testing facilities in dental settings could play a major role in prevention of HIV infection. Being most popular HIV testing methods worldwide, the rapid HIV oral test is not available in India and its level of acceptance in Indian dental settings is unexplored. This study conducted with the objective to assess patient’s knowledge about HIV and their willingness toward rapid HIV oral testing in dental settings.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two dental clinics selected from two different largest mixed socioeconomic housing societies of Jodhpur respectively. A semi structured questionnaire consisting of demographics, respondent’s general knowledge towards AIDS/HIV infection, willingness towards HIV rapid oral test was developed for data collection. Standard descriptive statistics were calculated and comparisons between demographic data and willingness to get tested in dental setting, awareness for HIV etc. were analyzed.Results: Total of 473 age-eligible patients were surveyed out of which 214 were males. The difference about the knowledge of HIV/AIDS between two groups of education levels (p<0.05) was statistically significant and almost 82% of these respondents were willing to have HIV oral rapid saliva testing as a part of regular dental appointment.Conclusions: It can be concluded that dental patient generally are willing for HIV rapid oral testing, but additional studies are needed to explore relevant policy implications.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the determinants of willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among the working-age population in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Ishimaru ◽  
Makoto Okawara ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Many factors are related to vaccination intentions. However, gender differences in the determinants of intention to get the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine have not been fully investigated. This study examined gender differences in the determinants of willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine among the working-age population in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study of Japanese citizens aged 20-65 years using an online self-administered questionnaire in December 2020. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Among 27,036 participants (13,814 men and 13,222 women), the percentage who were willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine was lower among women than among men (33.0% vs. 41.8%). Age and education level showed a gender gap regarding the association with willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine: men who were older or had a higher level of education were more willing to get the vaccine, whereas women aged 30-49 years and those with a higher level of education showed a relatively low willingness to get the vaccine. For both men and women, marriage, higher annual household income, underlying disease, current smoking, vaccination for influenza during the current season, and fear of COVID-19 transmission were linked to a higher likelihood of being willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine. These findings give important insight into identifying target groups in need of intervention regarding COVID-19 vaccination, especially among women. Providing education about COVID-19 and influenza vaccination in the workplace may be an effective strategy to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

scholarly journals Duration of low-wage employment: a study based on a survival model

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-299
Author(s):  
Francisco Silva ◽  
José Vieira ◽  
António Pimenta ◽  
João Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Pay

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate low-wage retention using a survival analysis approach. Design/methodology/approach Variables explaining low-wage retention take into account the characteristics of the employee, such as education, age, tenure with the company, gender and nationality, and the characteristics of the job and the company such as industry affiliation, number of employees, age of the company and location. Findings Female workers and workers with low level of education, older ones, those with more seniority in the company and those of Asian origin remain longer in a low-wage situation. Also, workers in smaller and older companies located outside the Lisbon region are more likely to stay in a low-wage situation. Practical implications The policy implications are clear. Education plays a prominent role: the higher the level of education of the individual, the higher the probability of him/her leaving low pay. Training programs may help employees in Portugal to leave the low-wage situation. Furthermore, policies must address the different mobility rates of different nationalities and different activities. Training programs are more urgent for hotels and restaurants and transports and communication. The findings also indicate that those initially working in younger firms and larger firms have a higher probability of leaving the low-wage situation. This is a stimulus for decision makers to stimulate employment in the younger firms or in the larger firms. Originality/value Despite low-wage retention being a well-known field of research, to our knowledge this is the first research paper using survival analysis to explain the duration of a low-wage situation.

The gender gap in work–life balance satisfaction across occupations

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Dilmaghani ◽  
Vurain Tabvuma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Data Limitations

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the gender gaps in work–life balance satisfaction across occupations. Due to data limitations, the studies of work–life balance satisfaction have generally relied on researcher collected data. As a result, large-scale studies encompassing all occupations in the same social and policy context are rare. In several cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey, the respondents are directly asked about their work–life balance (WLB) satisfaction. The present paper takes advantage of this unique opportunity to compare the gender gap in WLB satisfaction across occupations in Canada. Design/methodology/approach This paper pools four cross-sectional datasets (N = 37,335). Multivariate regression analysis is used. Findings Women in management and education are found to have a lower WLB satisfaction than their male counterparts. Conversely, and rather surprisingly, a WLB satisfaction advantage is found for women in transport over males in this occupation. Further investigation shows that the female WLB advantage in transport is driven by the relatively low WLB satisfaction of males in this occupation, while the opposite is true for education. Social implications The findings are discussed in light of the WLB policies and their increasing gender-blindness. Originality/value This paper is the first large-scale study which compares the gender gap in WLB satisfaction across occupations, in a given policy context.

Race/Ethnic Variations in Predictors of Health Consciousness Within the Cancer Prevention Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-746
Author(s):  
Lucinda Nevarez ◽  
Shelly R. Hovick ◽  
Kimberly R. Enard ◽  
Stacy M. Lloyd ◽  
Lee Ann Kahlor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: Although the literature establishes a link between health consciousness (HC) and prevention behavior, less explored are the individual, social, and health characteristics that are associated with increased HC. Similarly, underexamined is the influence of race and ethnicity on the relationship of these characteristics to higher levels of HC. Design: This cross-sectional study aims to identify and assess the relative importance of factors associated with higher levels of HC, highlighting the role of race and ethnicity. Participants: Participants came from a national research panel survey (N = 1007). Measures: Participants completed a 4-item scale capturing key concepts of HC as well as questionnaires capturing demographic profiles, social support, social networking activities, and health status. Analysis: A stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors of HC. Results: Female and more educated participants report higher levels of HC. African American and Hispanic participants report higher levels of HC compared to white participants. Findings indicate social support, social network participation, education, cancer survivorship, and health status were positively associated with higher HC for the collective sample. However, results revealed variations in factors associated with higher HC when stratified by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: Findings suggest that interventions aiming to motivate cancer prevention behaviors within at-risk communities may find more success by incorporating factors that are aligned with increased HC among culturally diverse populations.

scholarly journals Setting up Shop

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Finnie ◽  
Christine Laporte
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
College And University ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Employment Rates

Abstract This article reports the results of an empirical analysis of self-employment among recent college and university graduates using the National Graduates Survey databases. It finds that self-employment rates two years after graduation, calculated by year of graduation (1982, 1986, 1990 and 1995) and level of education, ranged from 6.5 percent to 7.8 percent for men, and from 3.2 percent to 5.2 percent for women. Five years after graduation, the rates had increased, ranging from 9.9 percent to 11.1 percent for men, and from 5.3 percent to 6.7 percent for women. The evidence regarding employment rates, job satisfaction, the job-education skill match and earnings (the latter including the estimation of both cross-sectional and fixed effects models) suggests that self-employment is generally associated with enhanced labour market outcomes—that is, the result of “pull” factors. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related stigma and its influencing factors: a nationwide cross-sectional study during the early stage of the pandemic in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e048983
Author(s):  
Tianyu Jiang ◽  
Xudong Zhou ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Yanzheng Pan ◽  
Yuyuan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

ObjectivesTo describe the situation of COVID-19-related stigma towards patients with COVID-19 and people from the city of Wuhan in China and to assess the associations between COVID-19-related stigma, health literacy and sociodemographic characteristics during March 2020, the early stage of the pandemic.DesignA cross-sectional online survey.SettingThe study surveyed 31 provinces in China.ParticipantsThis study surveyed 5039 respondents in China.Outcome measuresPublic stigma towards both patients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents was measured. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with public COVID-19-related stigma.ResultsAmong the participants, 122 (2.4%) reported themselves and 254 (5.0%) reported the communities they lived in as holding a stigmatising attitude towards patients with COVID-19, respectively. Additionally, 114 (2.5%) and 475 (10.3%) reported that themselves and the communities they lived in, respectively, held a stigma against people from Wuhan, which was the most severely affected area in China. People aged over 40, lived in areas with severe epidemics (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.03, 95% CI (1.05 to 3.92)) and who felt it difficult to find and understand information about COVID-19 (aOR=1.91, 95% CI (1.08 to 3.37); aOR=1.88, 95% CI (1.08 to 3.29)) were more likely to stigmatise patients with COVID-19. People who were male, aged 41–50 and had difficulty understanding information (aOR=2.08, 95% CI (1.17 to 3.69)) were more likely to stigmatise people from Wuhan.ConclusionsPatients with COVID-19 and Wuhan residents suffered stigma at both the individual and the community levels. Those who had low health literacy, who lived in areas with a large number of COVID-19 cases and who were of ethnic minorities were more likely to stigmatise others. Tailored interventions are encouraged to improve health literacy and consequently to reduce public COVID-19-related stigma.

scholarly journals Consumers’ Knowledge and Perception towards Organic Foods: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-124
Author(s):  
Rabie Y. Khattab ◽  
Welayah A. Al Ammar ◽  
Tunny S. Purayidathil
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Education Levels

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the consumer perception towards organic foods in the Saudi market and to scrutinize factors influencing the purchasing decision. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Clinical Nutrition, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, between February 2020 and May 2020. Methodology: We included 406 Saudi adults from both genders. A valid and reliable questionnaire was distributed in different regions. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: Results showed that 71.40% of participants consume organic foods with insignificant differences among regions, genders, education levels or health status. Participants above 50 years old reported significantly higher consumption (p<0.05). Moreover, 87% of the participants who were not purchasing organic foods showed future eagerness to buy these foods and were willing to pay up to 100% price increase. The major drives to buy or consume organic foods were consumers’ health perception (43.86%), nutritive primacy (22.35%), sensory attributes (12.69%) and environmental friendly characteristics (6.66%) of these foods. The major limiting factors, however, were the higher prices (50%) and limited availability (30%). Conclusion: Saudi consumers are knowledgeable about organic foods and are keen to include them in their shopping lists. Organic farming should be encouraged for an adequate availability and reasonable prices of such foods in the local markets.

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