scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of a Visual Navigational System on Route-Learning From an Ecological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Heft ◽  
Kelsey Schwimmer ◽  
Trenton Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Continuous Path ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Route Learning ◽  
Environmental Simulation ◽  
Skilled Action ◽  
Navigational System ◽  
Over Time

Route-learning, considered from an ecological approach to perception, is posited to involve the detection of information over time that specifies a path from one location to another. The study examines whether the use of a visual navigational system (e.g., GPS) may impede route-learning by drawing attention away from transitions along a path that serve as information for way-finding. Virtual reality (VR) technology used in conjunction with an extensive, detailed environmental simulation was employed to explore this possibility. One group of participants drove a simulated car in VR along a designated path while relying on visual GPS guidance. It was expected that use of the GPS display would draw attention away from temporally continuous path information. A second group initially drove the same route without GPS guidance. Both groups drove the path a second time without navigational assistance. Overall, the percentage of correct actions taken at intersections (transitions) during the second trial were significantly lower for the first group who initially drove the route with visual GPS guidance as compared to those who initially traveled the route without it. The results are consistent with the kind of trade-off that is commonplace when tools are used to mediate and assist skilled action.

scholarly journals Psychology in an Indeterminate World

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162095800
Author(s):  
Ludger van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Material World ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The World ◽  
Indeterminate World ◽  
Over Time

By sharing their world, humans and other animals sustain each other. Their world gets determined over time as generations of animals act in it. Current approaches to psychological science, by contrast, start from the assumption that the world is already determined before an animal’s activity. These approaches seem more concerned with uncertainty about the world than with the practical indeterminacies of the world humans and nonhuman animals experience. As human activity is making life increasingly hard for other animals, this preoccupation becomes difficult to accept. This article introduces an ecological approach to psychology to develop a view that centralizes the indeterminacies of a shared world. Specifically, it develops an open-ended notion of “affordances,” the possibilities for action offered by the environment. Affordances are processes in which (a) the material world invites individual animals to participate, while (b) participation concurrently continues the material world in a particular way. From this point of view, species codetermine the world together. Several empirical and methodological implications of this view on affordances are explored. The article ends with an explanation of how an ecological perspective brings responsibility for the shared world to the heart of psychological science.

Developing a reporting and evaluation framework for biodiversity

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Samkin ◽  
Annika Schneider ◽  
Dannielle Tappin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Text ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the development of a biodiversity reporting and evaluation framework. The application of the framework to an exemplar organisation identifies biodiversity-related annual report disclosures and analyses changes in the nature and levels of these over time. Finally, the paper aims to establish whether the disclosures made by the exemplar are consistent with a deep ecological perspective, as exemplified by New Zealand conservation legislation. Design/methodology/approach – Viewing the framework developed by the paper through a deep ecological lens, the study involves a detailed content analysis of the biodiversity disclosures contained within the annual reports of a conservation organisation over a 23-year period. Using the framework developed in this paper, the biodiversity-related text units were identified and allocated to one of three major categories, 13 subcategories, and then into deep, intermediate and shallow ecology. Findings – Biodiversity disclosures enable stakeholders to determine the goals, assess their implementation, and evaluate the performance of an organisation. Applying the framework to the exemplar revealed the majority of annual report disclosures focused on presenting performance/implementation information. The study also found that the majority of disclosures reflect a deep ecological approach. A deep/shallow ecological tension was apparent in a number of disclosures, especially those relating to the exploitation of the conservation estate. Originality/value – This paper is the first to develop a framework that can be used as both a biodiversity reporting assessment tool and a reporting guide. The framework will be particularly useful for those studying reporting by conservation departments and stakeholders of organisations whose operations impact biodiversity.

Exploring the Effect of Virtual Robot Acceleration on Perceived Competitiveness/ Cooperativeness, Animacy, and Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1595-1599
Author(s):  
Jordan Sasser ◽  
Fernando Montalvo ◽  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
P. A. Hancock ◽  
Daniel S. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Virtual Human ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Perceptual Judgments ◽  
Direct Social Perception

Prior research has indicated that perception of acceleration may be a direct process. This direct process may be conceptually linked to the ecological approach to visual perception and a further extension of direct social perception. The present study examines the effects of perception of acceleration in virtual reality on participants’ perceived attributes (perceived intelligence and animacy) of a virtual human-like robot agent and perceived agent competitive/cooperativeness. Perceptual judgments were collected after experiencing one of the five different conditions dependent on the participant’s acceleration: mirrored acceleration, faster acceleration, slowed acceleration, varied acceleration resulting in a win, and varied acceleration resulting in a loss. Participants experienced each condition twice in a counterbalanced fashion. The focus of the experiment was to determine whether different accelerations influenced perceptual judgments of the observers. Results suggest that faster acceleration was perceived as more competitive and slower acceleration was reported as low in animacy and perceived intelligence.

scholarly journals Helping Nurses Manage Their Stress by Integrating Health Promotion

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Edward V. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Management Workshop

In the United States registered nurses constitute the largest health care occupation; with about three out of five jobs being located in hospitals Everyday more and more nurses describe their profession as increasingly hectic and stressful. The purpose of this study is to design and implement how nurses at the Cayuga Community Health Network Center can reduce stress by using an Ecological Approach on health promotion programs. Two-hundred and seventy five nurses agreed to attend the Stress Management for Professional Caregivers workshop. All of the participants were female, with the majority being Caucasian. A majority of the nurses stated the workshop made them think about how they handle stress. Nearly all of the nurses stated that the information in the stress management workshop was valuable to them professionally. The success of this stress workshop demonstrates that implementing health promotion programs from an ecological perspective has the potential to reduce stress among nurses.

scholarly journals O movimento do acesso ao ensino superior em Portugal de 1960 a 2017: Uma análise ecológica

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leanete Thomas Dotta ◽  
Amélia Lopes ◽  
Carlinda Leite
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Access Policies ◽  
Over Time

Globally, the expansion of investments in the field of higher education, which stems from both the demands of the economic sector and the growing appreciation of the social dimension of knowledge, implies mobilization within the scope of access to this level of education. If, on the one hand, access policies play a central role, on the other hand, the interactions of individuals in the different environments of which they are part cannot be disregarded. The aim of this paper, from a socio-ecological perspective, was to analyse the movements of access to higher education in Portugal from 1960 to 2017. The interpretation of data on access and legislation on higher education in that period, in relation to the literature review outcomes, made it possible to identify moments of expansion and retraction of access to higher education in Portugal. It was at the confluence of a set of more or less favorable factors that the distinct movements of access originated over time. This confluence of factors led individuals to shape and reshape their aspirations concerning their entry to higher education. 

From Monetary to Nonmonetary Mechanism Design via Artificial Currencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Gorokh ◽  
Siddhartha Banerjee ◽  
Krishnamurthy Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Price Of Anarchy ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Two Agents ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Artificial Currency

Nonmonetary mechanisms for repeated allocation and decision making are gaining widespread use in many real-world settings. Our aim in this work is to study the performance and incentive properties of simple mechanisms based on artificial currencies in such settings. To this end, we make the following contributions: For a general allocation setting, we provide two black-box approaches to convert any one-shot monetary mechanism to a dynamic nonmonetary mechanism using an artificial currency that simultaneously guarantees vanishing gains from nontruthful reporting over time and vanishing losses in performance. The two mechanisms trade off between their applicability and their computational and informational requirements. Furthermore, for settings with two agents, we show that a particular artificial currency mechanism also results in a vanishing price of anarchy.

The Clash of Security and Sovereignty in Quasi-Alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Kil Joo Ban
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Power Growth ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Which is needed more: sovereignty or security? The autonomy–security trade-off model sees this as a trade-off between a client and a patron. A client surrenders some measure of autonomy to a patron and, in turn, receives security. This paper explores whether the underlying logic is applicable to quasi-alliances between a state and a multinational regime, such as the United Nations Command (UNC). South Korea has maintained a quasi-alliance with the UNC since the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. The level of trade-off between South Korea and the UNC, however, has been changing over time, particularly while being affected by the power growth of South Korea, a client, and the preference changes of the US, the most important actor of the UNC, a patron. This paper attempts to explain why South Korea is much more enthusiastic in seeking full sovereignty and more autonomy in the 2018–2019 détente era.

Virtual Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Penland ◽  
Kennard Laviers ◽  
Elbert Bassham ◽  
Victor Nnochiri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Over Time

Virtual reality (VR) is now becoming a major player in education. When first introduced into schools, computer technology and multi-media content were riveted by its newness. Over time, more higher education institutions began to use newer technologies online or distance classes that could be taken from home. Unfortunately, many students have difficulty acquiring the same experience when learning with most classroom management software (CMS). Virtual reality technology is taking user involvement to the next level of immersion and is postured to change the landscape of education in a very significant way. This chapter examines methods of employing VR to maximize benefits to the student as well as the challenges and opportunities for using VR for distance learning. Finally, emerging research and developments in VR is discussed.

Social Pacts over Time

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-165
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Oil Rents ◽  
Over Time

The chapter uses statistical methods to test observable implications of the book’s arguroent that are visible in spending patterns over time. Establishing an important crowding-out effect between military and social spending in the Middle East, the chapter empirically corroborates a key mechanism of the theory: that is, a trade-off between ‘butter and guns: Itfurther demonstrates that the authoritarian coalitions which emerged from regime formation have had important effects on the way in which (i) regimes cut back social spending in times of economic decline and (ii) distributed resource windfalls, such as oil rents. In so doing, the chapter sheds light on the variation in social spending over time within each welfare regime type.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document