scholarly journals Just Checking It Out? Motivations for and Behavioral Associations With Visiting “Slutpages” in the United States and Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Clancy ◽  
Megan K. Maas ◽  
Evita March ◽  
Dominika Howard ◽  
Bianca Klettke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peer Norms ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Image Based Sexual Abuse

“Slutpages” are a pernicious form of online image-based evaluative voyeurism (OIBEV), whereby (sexualized) images of women are posted on webpages for (predominantly) male groups to rate and comment. Despite media and public concern, OIBEV sites have garnered limited empirical study. This paper presents the first analysis of OIBEV site visitation motivations across United States and Australian samples. Participants comprised a convenience sample of 1148 young adults aged 18 to 29 years (M = 22.54, SD = 2.50); 53.0% women, 47.0% men; 54% residing in the U.S. and 46% in Australia. Respondents completed an online questionnaire. Overall, 23% of United States and 16% of Australian respondents had visited OIBEV sites. OIBEV site visitation was uniquely associated with gender and country (with men and United States being more likely to visit OIBEV sites), requesting and disseminating sexts and having one’s own image shared. Cyberbullying perpetration was associated with reduced odds of OIBEV site visitation. Motivations differed by gender, with men (80%) being most likely to visit sites to “check them out” while women were equally likely to check it out (41%) or to see if they were depicted (36%). For men, unique predictors of OIBEV site visitation were having requested, disseminated and received disseminated sexts, lower levels of anxiety and reduced likelihood of cyberbullying perpetration. For women, OIBEV site visitation was uniquely associated with being a United States resident, sext dissemination victimization, receipt of disseminated sexts, higher levels of anxiety but reduced stress. Our findings confirm that OIBEV sites represent a highly gendered form of online image-based sexual abuse, and may have important mental health implications, given the associations with increased anxiety. Our results support the need for “slutpage” education for adolescents and young adults to address social and peer norms that encourage and support non-consensual use of intimate images.

scholarly journals COST, RESOURCE UTILIZATION, QUALITY OF LIFE, MENTAL HEALTH, AND FINANCIAL TOXICITY AMONG YOUNG ADULTS WITH STROKE IN THE UNITED STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Javier Valero Elizondo ◽  
Rohan Khera ◽  
Farhaan Vahidy ◽  
Haider Warraich ◽  
Shiwani Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Toxicity

Attitudes toward depression among a sample of Muslim adolescents in the Midwestern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubeir Haroun ◽  
Ali Bokhari ◽  
Monika Marko-Holguin ◽  
Kelsey Blomeke ◽  
Ajay Goenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Muslim Youth ◽  
American Muslim

Abstract Background: Little is known about how Muslim youth in non-Muslim countries perceive depression and its treatment and prevention. Objective: We investigated the barriers and suggest treatment models for depressive disorders in Muslim adolescents and young adults residing in the United States. Methods: We conducted a thorough literature review to identify previous study on the beliefs of American Muslim adolescents about depression and its treatment. We identified the gaps and developed a survey to ascertain this information from American Muslim adolescents. Results: The survey was administered to a convenience sample of 125 Muslim subjects (60.0% males) aged 14–21 years. The sample was ethnically diverse with Pakistani (44.8%) encompassing the majority of the sample. Most responders believed that recitation from the Koran relieves mental distress. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that those who reported strong emotional support from parents or a greater acceptance of taking depression medication prescribed from a physician were more likely to accept a physician’s diagnosis, whereas believing in prayer to heal depression was associated with a lower likelihood of the same. Youth were accepting of Internet and preventive approaches. Conclusion: Planning of culturally sensitive mental health services is useful to accommodate the needs of Muslim youth served by primary care physicians and mental health practitioners in the United States. Muslim adolescents tend to be more traditional with family, social, and religious values. This value system plays an important role in their likelihood of seeking and accepting professional help for depression.

scholarly journals IMMIGRANT FAMILY SEPARATION, FEAR, AND THE U.S. DEPORTATION REGIME

2018 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Elizabeth ARANDA ◽  
Elizabeth VAQUERA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Family ◽  
Family Separation ◽  
Undocumented Status ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The U.S

In 2018, President Trump changed a long-standing policy of keeping families who cross the United States border together; instead, he ordered that parents be detained separately from children, drawing a national outcry that led to his administration walking back the practice. Drawing on 50 in-depth interviews with undocumented young adults in the state of Florida, USA, we argue that the practice of family separation through immigration policy is not new. We illustrate how our sample’s undocumented status puts them at risk for family separation under the current ‘deportation regime’ that creates a heightened and all-encompassing fear about the possibility of family separation.

scholarly journals Current Practices of Suicide Risk Management Protocols in Research

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Vannoy ◽  
Ursula Whiteside ◽  
Jürgen Unützer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background: Participant safety is an important concern in mental-health-oriented research. Investigators conducting studies in the United States that include potentially suicidal individuals are often required to develop written suicide risk management (SRM) protocols. But little is known about these protocols. It is possible that such protocols could serve as templates for suicide risk management in clinical settings. Aims: To elucidate common (best) practices from mental health intervention researchers. Methods: We conducted a systematic descriptive analysis of written SRM protocols. A convenience sample of studies funded by the United States’ National Institute of Mental Health in 2005 were scanned to discover projects in which investigators were likely to identify and take responsibility for suicide risk in their participant pool. Qualitative methodology was used to create a checklist of tasks perceived to be operationally significant for insuring the safety of suicidal participants. The checklist was applied to all protocols to determine the variability of patient safety tasks across protocols. Results: We identified 45 candidate studies, whereof 38 investigators were contacted, resulting in the review of 21 SRM protocols. Three main categories emerged: overview, entry/exit, and process. Overall, 19 specific tasks were identified. Task frequency varied from 7% to 95% across protocols. Conclusions: The SRM checklist provides a framework for comparing the content of SRM protocols. This checklist may assist in developing SRM protocols in a wide range of settings. Developing guidelines and standard methodologies is an important step to further development of suicide prevention strategies. More research is necessary to determine the impact of SRM protocols on participant safety.

scholarly journals Vaping and Adolescents’ Characteristics: Implications for Prevention and Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Chae ◽  
Janet Stark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
The Past ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
The U.S

Vaping in the United States has increased in the past decade especially among teens and young adults, causing a rise in public concern for their health. What is relatively scarce in the previous research and the current discussion is the question about what groups of adolescents may be more vulnerable to vaping. This research investigates this very issue by analyzing the associations between vaping use and adolescents’ individual characteristics using a national survey of drug use among U.S. adolescents (“Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of American Youth (12th-Grade Survey), 2018”). The findings for logistic regression show that students who struggle with academics and skip school are more vulnerable to vaping than other students. In addition, there is a greater chance of vaping with those students going out more often than others. The amount of money students earn from a job and other work may also be increasing the chance for vaping. The findings can be valuable elements in designing a program of effective prevention and intervention of vaping in the U.S.

Factors Influencing Smoking Among Indigenous Adolescents Aged 10–24 Years Living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L Heris ◽  
Catherine Chamberlain ◽  
Lina Gubhaju ◽  
David P Thomas ◽  
Sandra J Eades
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents ◽  
Environmental Level

Abstract Introduction Smoking rates are higher among Indigenous populations in most high-income countries with initiation primarily occurring in adolescence for all population groups. This review aims to identify protective and risk factors for smoking behavior among Indigenous adolescents and young adults. Aims and Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo for all original research published between January 2006 and December 2016 that reported influences on smoking for Indigenous adolescents or young adults aged 10–24 living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States (US). Extracted data were coded to individual, social, and environmental level categories using a modified Theory of Triadic Influence framework. Results A total of 55 studies were included, 41 were descriptive quantitative and 14 qualitative, and 26 included Indigenous participants only. The majority were from the US (32). Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels such as increasing age; attitudes and knowledge; substance use; peer and family relationships; smoking norms; mental health; physical activity. At the environmental level, smoke-free spaces; second-hand smoke exposure; high community level prevalence; and social marketing campaigns were also frequently reported. Some studies referenced price, access, and traditional tobacco use. Few reported historical and cultural factors. Conclusions Young Indigenous people experience similar influences to other populations such as smoking among family and friends. Greater youth smoking is related to broader community level prevalence, but few studies explore the distal or historical contributing factors such as traditional tobacco use, colonization, experiences of intergenerational trauma and discrimination, or the role of cultural connection. Implications This review identified a range of factors that influence Indigenous youth smoking and contributes to an understanding of what prevention measures may be effective. Youth tobacco use occurs alongside other substance use and may also serve as an indicator of mental health. Comprehensive community-based programs that work more broadly to address the risk factors related to tobacco, including improving youth mental health, will be important for other behaviors as well. This research highlights the importance of social influence and need for ongoing denormalization of smoking. Future Indigenous led and community owned research is needed to identify likely protective cultural factors.

scholarly journals Burn Injuries Related to E-Cigarettes Reported to Poison Control Centers in the United States, 2010-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAOGUANG WANG ◽  
Sherry T. Liu ◽  
Brian Rostron ◽  
Camille Hayslett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background: United States (U.S.) national data indicate that 2,035 individuals with burn injuries from e-cigarette explosions presented to U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) in 2015-2017. This national estimate is valuable for understanding the burden of burn injuries from e-cigarette explosions among individuals who presented to EDs. However, little is known about individuals who experienced e-cigarette-related burns but may not present to EDs or health care facilities.Findings: We analyzed data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) to describe frequency and characteristics of e-cigarette-related burn cases in the U.S. in 2010-2019. NPDS contains information collected during telephone calls to poison control centers (PCCs) across the U.S., including e-cigarette-related burns and other unintended events. During 2010-2019, 19,306 exposure cases involving e-cigarettes were documented in NPDS. Of those, 69 were burn cases. The number of burn cases increased from one in 2011 to a peak of 26 in 2016, then decreased to three in 2019. The majority of the burn cases occurred among young adults aged 18-24 years (29.0%; n=20) and adults aged 25 years or older (43.5%; n=30); 14.4% occurred among individuals ≤ 17 years old. Of the 69 burn cases, 5.8% (n=4) were admitted to a hospital; 65.2% (n=45) were treated and released; 15.9 % (n=11) were not referred to a health care facility (HCF); 4.4% (n=3) refused referral or did not arrive at an HCF; and 8.7% (n=6) were lost to follow-up or left the HCF against medical advice. Nearly one-third (30.4%; n=21) of the cases had a minor effect (symptoms resolved quickly), 47.8% (n=33) had a moderate effect (symptoms were more pronounced and prolonged than in minor cases, but not life-threatening), and 2.9% (n=2) had a major effect (life-threatening symptoms).Conclusions: Approximately one-fifth of e-cigarette-related burn cases reported to PCCs were not referred to or did not arrive at an HCF. Some burn cases had serious medical outcomes. The burn cases mostly affected young adults and adults aged 25 years or older. The number of burn cases in NPDS represents a small portion of e-cigarette-related burn cases but it can serve as a complementary data source to traditional injury surveillance systems.

scholarly journals Protective and Non-Protective Factors of Mental Health Distress in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Cristian Lieneck ◽  
Michele Bosworth ◽  
Eric Weaver ◽  
Katharine Heinemann ◽  
Janki Patel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
Mental Health Concerns ◽  
Mental Health Distress ◽  
The U.S

Background and objectives: Health care organizations continue to respond to the COVID-19 global pandemic and an ongoing array of related mental health concerns. These pandemic-related challenges continue to be experienced by both the U.S. population and those abroad. Materials and methods: This systematic review queried three research databases to identify applicable studies related to protective and non-protective factors of mental health distress experienced during the pandemic within the United States. Results: Three primary factors were identified as protective factors, potentially helping to moderate the incidence of mental distress during the pandemic: demographics, personal support/self-care resources, and income/financial concerns. Researchers also identified these same three constructs of non-protective factors of mental health distress, as well as two additional variables: health/social status and general knowledge/government mistrust. Conclusions: This systematic review has identified protective and non-protective factors of mental health distress experienced in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic (to date) that can further assist medical providers in the U.S. and beyond as the pandemic and related mental health concerns continue at a global level.

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