scholarly journals Multiple Sources of Surprisal Affect Illusory Vowel Epenthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Whang
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Vowel Epenthesis ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Original Speech ◽  
Epenthetic Vowel

Illusory epenthesis is a phenomenon in which listeners report hearing a vowel between a phonotactically illegal consonant cluster, even in the complete absence of vocalic cues. The present study uses Japanese as a test case and investigates the respective roles of three mechanisms that have been claimed to drive the choice of epenthetic vowel—phonetic minimality, phonotactic predictability, and phonological alternations—and propose that they share the same rational goal of searching for the vowel that minimally alters the original speech signal. Additionally, crucial assumptions regarding phonological knowledge held by previous studies are tested in a series of corpus analyses using the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. Results show that all three mechanisms can only partially account for epenthesis patterns observed in language users, and the study concludes by discussing possible ways in which the mechanisms might be integrated.

scholarly journals Vowel Epenthesis in Loanword Integration: A Study of English Consonant Cluster at Onset

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad Habib ◽  
Arshad Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Vowel Epenthesis ◽  
Feature Theory ◽  
Epenthetic Vowel ◽  
Phonological System

This study examines the process of vowel epenthesis used by the Punjabi speakers to integrate the English consonant cluster at onset position of the syllable. English and Punjabi are two different phonological system where English allows consonant cluster and complex consonants at onset while Punjabi only allows complex consonants. Hence for the integration of syllables with consonant cluster, Punjabi speakers have to insert a vowel to make the consonant configuration according to Punjabi phonotactics. The data for this study are collected from recordings of focus group discussions, interviews and video clips. The data are analyzed by using CV phonology and Distinct Feature theory. The results suggest that Punjabi speakers insert vowels to modify the English consonant clusters according to Punjabi phonological environment. Thus, they add another vowel node and resyllabify the consonant clusters. The mid central /ə/ vowel is the default epenthetic vowel while in some cases /e/ is also used before the consonant clusters.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Power Forecasting: Assessment of the Impact of Multiple Sources of Spatio-Temporal Data on Forecast Accuracy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Xwégnon Ghislain Agoua ◽  
Robin Girard ◽  
Georges Kariniotakis
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Forecasting Error ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

The efficient integration of photovoltaic (PV) production in energy systems is conditioned by the capacity to anticipate its variability, that is, the capacity to provide accurate forecasts. From the classical forecasting methods in the state of the art dealing with a single power plant, the focus has moved in recent years to spatio-temporal approaches, where geographically dispersed data are used as input to improve forecasts of a site for the horizons up to 6 h ahead. These spatio-temporal approaches provide different performances according to the data sources available but the question of the impact of each source on the actual forecasting performance is still not evaluated. In this paper, we propose a flexible spatio-temporal model to generate PV production forecasts for horizons up to 6 h ahead and we use this model to evaluate the effect of different spatial and temporal data sources on the accuracy of the forecasts. The sources considered are measurements from neighboring PV plants, local meteorological stations, Numerical Weather Predictions, and satellite images. The evaluation of the performance is carried out using a real-world test case featuring a high number of 136 PV plants. The forecasting error has been evaluated for each data source using the Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error. The results show that neighboring PV plants help to achieve around 10% reduction in forecasting error for the first three hours, followed by satellite images which help to gain an additional 3% all over the horizons up to 6 h ahead. The NWP data show no improvement for horizons up to 6 h but is essential for greater horizons.

scholarly journals X-Reality System Architecture for Industry 4.0 Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Simões ◽  
Raffaele De Amicis ◽  
Iñigo Barandiaran ◽  
Jorge Posada
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Configuration Changes ◽  
Fast Access ◽  
User Intervention

Information visualization has been widely adopted to represent and visualize data patterns as it offers users fast access to data facts and can highlight specific points beyond plain figures and words. As data comes from multiple sources, in all types of formats, and in unprecedented volumes, the need intensifies for more powerful and effective data visualization tools. In the manufacturing industry, immersive technology can enhance the way users artificially perceive and interact with data linked to the shop floor. However, showcases of prototypes of such technology have shown limited results. The low level of digitalization, the complexity of the required infrastructure, the lack of knowledge about Augmented Reality (AR), and the calibration processes that are required whenever the shop floor configuration changes hinders the adoption of the technology. In this paper, we investigate the design of middleware that can automate the configuration of X-Reality (XR) systems and create tangible in-site visualizations and interactions with industrial assets. The main contribution of this paper is a middleware architecture that enables communication and interaction across different technologies without manual configuration or calibration. This has the potential to turn shop floors into seamless interaction spaces that empower users with pervasive forms of data sharing, analysis and presentation that are not restricted to a specific hardware configuration. The novelty of our work is due to its autonomous approach for finding and communicating calibrations and data format transformations between devices, which does not require user intervention. Our prototype middleware has been validated with a test case in a controlled digital-physical scenario composed of a robot and industrial equipment.

Effects of first language processes and representations on second language perception: The case of vowel epenthesis by Japanese speakers

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Nomura ◽  
Keiichi Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
First Language ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
English Word ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Vowel Epenthesis ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
Language Perception

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Japanese speakers are known to perceive “illusory vowels” within consonant clusters illicit in their language. The present study examines how this perceptual vowel epenthesis is affected by first language (L1) processes (restoration of vowels devoiced through Japanese high vowel devoicing), L1 representations (loanword representations in Japanese speakers’ lexicons), and proficiency in English. Design/methodology/approach: The participants judged the presence or absence of a mora (e.g., ム /mu/) in an auditorily presented English word (e.g., homesick). The 40 test items contained a heterosyllabic consonant cluster with four different voicing patterns to examine whether the vowel restoration process is related to vowel epenthesis. Twenty of the test items are frequently used as loanwords in Japanese, meaning that they are stored in the L1 lexicon with a vowel inserted inside the consonant cluster (e.g., /hoomusikku/). The other 20 are low-frequency items that are virtually nonwords for the non-native participants. Data and analysis: The vowel epenthesis rates and reaction times (RTs) were obtained from 14 introductory learners, 15 intermediate learners, and 19 native speakers. Findings/conclusions: The results show the main effects of Voice, Loanword Representation, and Proficiency, as well as the interaction among the three factors. Negative correlations between vowel epenthesis rates and RTs were also observed for the learners. The results indicate differential effects of vowel restoration and loanwords on perceptual epenthesis by learners of different proficiency levels. Originality: The present study was one of the first attempts to test the relation between proficiency and perceptual vowel epenthesis using real English words. Significance/implications: The findings demonstrate the robustness of L1 processes and representations in second language perception while substantiating the existing argument for early vowel epenthesis. They also raise questions regarding the effects of training and the role of native speaker input.

The Relation between the Charter's Fundamental Rights and the Unwritten General Principles of EU Law: Good Administration as the Test Case

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herwig C.H. Hofmann ◽  
C. Mihaescu
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Right To Good Administration ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU – Multiple sources of fundamental rights in the EU legal system – Non-hierarchical, pluralistic understanding of their interrelationship – Case study: the right to good administration – Difficulties in defining the scope of the right to good administration under the Charter and that of the right to good administration as a general principle of EU law – Adoption of a pluralistic understanding of the EU fundamental rights’ sources allows for a clarification and improved understanding of the individual's rights in the EU legal system

scholarly journals Resolving the Issue of the Target of Vowel Copy in Fijian Loanwords

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gakuji Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Minimal Projection ◽  
Loanword Adaptation ◽  
Vowel Epenthesis ◽  
Epenthetic Vowel

English loanwords into Fijian undergo vowel epenthesis, as Fijian disallows coda consonants and consonant clusters. Vowel copy is an option for determining epenthetic vowel quality in loanword adaptation (Kumagai 2016a; Schütz 1978, 2004). The target of copy epenthesis seems to be either the preceding or following vowel of the epenthetic site. However, the choice of target vowel is indeterminate, as there is no vowel copy in Fijian native phonology. This paper offers a resolution to the problem by adopting an expanded version of prosodic projection theory (Martínez-Paricio 2012, 2013), in which feet are allowed to exhibit maximal/minimal projection. I propose Foot Condition, which requires the Foot[±max/±min] to circumscribe the vowel copy domain.

scholarly journals A Data warehouse Testing Strategy for Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8978-8986
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Data Marts ◽  
The Creation

Data Quality, Database Testing, and ETL Testing are all different techniques for testing Data Warehouse Environment. Testing the data became very important as it should be guaranteed that the data is accurate for further manipulation and decision making. A lot of approaches and tools came up supporting and defining the test cases to be used, their functionality, and if they could be automated or not. The most trending approach was the automating of testing data warehouse using tools, the tools started firstly by supporting only the automation of running the scripts helping the developers to write the test case just once and run it multiple times, then the tools developed and modified to automate the creation of the testing scripts and offer their service as a complete application that supports the creation and running of the test cases claiming that the user can work without the need of expertise and high technicality and just by being an end user using the tool’s GUI. Banking sector differs completely than any other industry, as data warehouse in banking sectors collects data from multiple sources and multiple branches with different data formats, and quality that should then be transformed and loaded in the data warehouse and classified into some data marts to be used in different dashboards and projects that depend on high quality and accurate data for further decision making and predictions. In this paper we propose a strategy for data warehouse testing, that automates all the test cases needed in banking environment

Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English at a confluence

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Ngefac ◽  
Bonaventure M. Sala
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Vowel Epenthesis

The paper argues that Cameroon Pidgin, a simplified language that displayed a unique peculiarity in the yesteryears, is now giving up most of its phonological peculiarities and embracing those of the variety of English spoken in Cameroon. An analysis of the speech of 150 educated Cameroon Pidgin speakers, randomly selected, shows that such phonological processes as heavy infiltration of sounds from indigenous Cameroonian languages, rampant consonant cluster simplification through vowel epenthesis and other segmental peculiarities which characterized Cameroon Pidgin by 1960, as depicted in Schneider (1960), are by far less perceivable in current Cameroon Pidgin usage. It is demonstrated that the feeling that Pidgin is an inferior language has caused Cameroon Pidgin speakers to opt for the “modernization” of the language using English language canons, instead of preserving the state of the language as it was in the yesteryears. It is therefore predicted that Cameroon Pidgin and Cameroon English will sooner or later be in a continuum.

scholarly journals Speech Scrambling Based on Chaotic Mapping and Random Permutation for Modern Mobile Communication Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Dhanya G ◽  
J Jayakumari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Random Permutation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chaotic Mapping ◽  
Intelligible Speech ◽  
Network Communications ◽  
Encryption Algorithms ◽  
Original Speech

The expanding significance of securing data over the network has promoted growth of strong encryption algorithms. To enhance the information protection in network communications, this paper presents a Random permutation, chaotic mapping and pseudo random binary scrambling. It involves transforming the intelligible speech signal into an unintelligible form to protect it from interrupters. In this report, suggest a simple and secure procedure to secure the speech signal. The speech scrambling process makes use of two Permutations. In the first step, Random permutation algorithm is used to swap the rows of the original speech followed by swapping of rows using chaotic Bernoulli mapping. This produces an intermediary scrambled speech. In the second measure, pseudo random binary generator is used to make the final scrambled signal. Various analysis tests are then executed to determine the quality of the encrypted image. The test results determine the efficiency of the proposed speech scrambling process.

Research on End-to-end Voiceprint Recognition Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Lupeng Yue ◽  
Weijie Wang ◽  
Zeng Xiangyan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
End To End ◽  
Original Speech ◽  
The One

Speech signal is a time-varying signal, which is greatly affected by individual and environment. In order to improve the end-to-end voice print recognition rate, it is necessary to preprocess the original speech signal to some extent. An end-to-end voiceprint recognition algorithm based on convolutional neural network is proposed. In this algorithm, the convolution and down-sampling of convolutional neural network are used to preprocess the speech signals in end-to-end voiceprint recognition. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional convolution operations were established to extract the characteristic parameters of Meier frequency cepstrum coefficient from the preprocessed signals, and the classical universal background model was used to model the recognition model of voice print. In this study, the principle of end-to-end voiceprint recognition was firstly analyzed, and the process of end-to-end voice print recognition, end-to-end voice print recognition features and Res-FD-CNN network structure were studied. Then the convolutional neural network recognition model was constructed, and the data were preprocessed to form the convolutional layer in frequency domain and the algorithm was tested.

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