scholarly journals Differences in Cognitive-Perceptual Factors Arising From Variations in Self-Professed Paranormal Ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater ◽  
Neil Dagnall ◽  
Andrew Denovan ◽  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Perceptual Factors

This study examined whether scores on indices related to subclinical delusion formation and thinking style varied as a function of level of self-professed paranormal ability. To assess this, the researchers compared three groups differing in personal ascription of paranormal powers: no ability, self-professed ability, and paranormal practitioners (i.e., Mediums, Psychics, Spiritualists, and Fortune-Tellers). Paranormal practitioners (compared with no and self-professed ability conditions) were expected to score higher on paranormal belief, proneness to reality testing deficits, emotion-based reasoning, and lower on belief in science. Comparable differences were predicted between the self-professed and no ability conditions. A sample of 917 respondents (329 males, 588 females) completed self-report measures online. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed an overall main effect. Further investigation, using discriminant descriptive analysis, indicated that paranormal practitioners scored higher on proneness to reality testing deficits, paranormal belief, and emotion-based reasoning. Belief in science did not meaningfully contribute to the discriminant function. Overall, results were consistent with previous academic work in the domains of paranormal belief and experience, which has reported that paranormal-related cognitions and perceptions are associated with factors related to subclinical delusion formation (i.e., emotion-based/intuitive thinking).

Problem-Solving Performances of First-Grade Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Steffe ◽  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects

A sample of 111 first-grade children was partitioned into 4 categories, where the categorization was determined by an ability to make quantitative comparisons and IQ. 6 problems of each of 8 problem types were presented to each child in a randomized sequence. Approximately one-half of the children in each category were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 levels of Problem Conditions. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that IQ was not significant. Problem Conditions was significant (p<.01p<.01). Univariate analysis indicated a significant interaction (p<.05p<.05) due to Quantitative Comparisons and Problem Conditions for 1 problem type; significant main effects (p<.01p<.01) due to Problem Conditions for the remaining 7 problem types; and a significant (p<.05p<.05) main effect due to Quantitative Comparisons for 1 of the remaining 7 problem types.

Relations among Dimensions of Reading Attitudes and Stages of Internalization of Reading Attitudes Held by Prospective Teachers

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414
Author(s):  
Terry C. Ley ◽  
Barbara B. Schaer ◽  
Jone P. Wright ◽  
Kathy S. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Reading Attitudes ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Reading Attitude ◽  
Significant Function ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Attitude Scales

To estimate how two reading attitude scales are related, 198 prospective teachers were administered the Mikulecky Behavioral Reading Attitude Measure and the Teale-Lewis Reading Attitude Scales. The former allowed classification of subjects according to Krathwohl's five stages of internalization of attitudes, while the Teale-Lewis scale measured the value subjects placed upon individual development, utilitarian and enjoyment dimensions of reading. Canonical analysis showed that the two instruments are related, with one significant function accounting for 64% of the variance. All subscales contributed significantly. The two-way multivariate analysis of variance with three dependent measures (Teale-Lewis dimensions) and two independent measures (sex and the five Mikulecky stages) gave one significant main effect—the five Mikulecky stages Readers classified at higher stages of internalization of attitudes tended 10 place greater value on all three Teale-Lewis dimensions than did readers at lower stages. Although 22% of the subjects were classified at one of the two highest stages (organization and characterization), 69% were classified at one of the two lowest stages (attending and responding).

scholarly journals Executive Functioning: Assessing the Role of Perceived Paranormal Ability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Graham Drinkwater ◽  
Neil Dagnall ◽  
Andrew Denovan ◽  
Andrew Parker ◽  
Álex Escolà-Gascón
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Perceptual Factors

This study examined whether scores on self-report measures of executive functions varied in accordance with level of self-professed paranormal ability. The investigators compared three groups varying in attribution of paranormal facilities: practitioners (Mediums, Psychics, Spiritualists and Fortune-Tellers), self-professed ability and no ability. Consistent with recent research on cognitive-perceptual factors allied to delusional formation and thinking style, the researchers anticipated that practitioners would score higher on paranormal belief and self-reported executive function disruption. Correspondingly, the investigators also hypothesised that the self-professed ability group would demonstrate greater belief in the paranormal and higher levels of executive function disruption than the no ability group. A sample of 499 (219 males, 279 females) respondents completed the measures online. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found a large effect size, alongside significant differences on all variables apart from Cognitive Reappraisal. Pairwise comparisons indicated that Paranormal Belief increased as a function of level of ability; practitioners scored higher than self-professed, who in turn scored higher than the no ability group. For executive functioning, significant differences emerged only for the no ability vs. self-professed ability and no ability vs. practising groups. Collectively, outcomes indicated that perception of ability, regardless of intensity of paranormal conviction, influenced subjective appraisal of executive functions. Failure to find consistent differences between practitioner and self-professed ability groups suggested that discernment of ability was sufficient to heighten awareness of executive functioning disruptions.

Assumptions about Fitness and Exercise among Elderly Persons

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Joyce M. Malek
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect

There may be differential benefits from regular exercise for elderly persons, and their rationales about exercise can influence the likelihood that they will do it 98 elderly persons (29 men, M age = 66.3 yr., SD = 9.1, Range = 51–90 and 69 women, M age = 72.7 yr., SD = 10.3, Range = 53–94) were given two self-report surveys of 13 items each consisting of statements about jogging, not jogging, or engaging in other forms of exercise. Only one man and one woman completed the “reasons for jogging” form, while 96 elderly persons completed the “reasons for not jogging” form. A two-way (repeated-measures) analysis of variance indicated a significant main effect for differences among 10 items dealing with “reasons for not jogging.” These reasons included engaging in another form of aerobic activity (such as walking), having a health condition that prevented jogging, and jogging as too uncomfortable.

Effect of Eye Gaze on Self-Disclosure

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Stevens ◽  
Mary Beth Rice ◽  
James J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Analogue Research

60 female and 60 male undergraduates were assigned randomly and in equal numbers to a female or male interviewer who maintained high, moderate, or low eye gaze while verbally administering the Self-disclosure Sentence Completion Blank of Greene. A two-way (eye gaze × subjects' sex) analysis of variance on over-all scores yielded a main effect for subjects' sex; women self-disclosed more than men. Across subjects, perceived self-disclosure was greater than verbal self-disclosure. The methodological limitations of analogue research are discussed.

The relationship between self-concept and level of physical performance in Hungarian adolescent athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Zalán Négele ◽  
Júlia Pápai ◽  
Zsófia Tróznai ◽  
Csaba Nyakas ◽  
László Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Athletic Activity

One’s self-concept is the representation of one’s self-knowledge developing during physical and mental maturation. It has unquestionable importance in sport performance as a motivational factor. This study assessed and analyzed the self-concept of secondary students aged 14 to 18 assigned to three groups of elite athletes, non-elite athletes and non-athletes. The research focused on the following questions: (1) Are there any differences between males’ and females’ self-concept? (2) Are there any differences in various components of the self-concept according to the level of physical performance? Components of the self-concept were assessed with the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Gender differences were tested by independent samples t tests and the effects of athletic activity and gender on various self-concept components by a multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that males had a more positive self-concept than females. Regarding the level of athletic activity, non-athletes reported the least positive self-concept in both genders. According to the level of athletic performance, no difference was found between the three male groups, while the most positive self concept was clearly reported by non-elite athletes among females. The multivariate analysis of variance revealed that both gender and the level of athletic activity had an effect on self-concept components. Finally, the findings show that an optimally positive self-concept enhances performance in everyday life as well as in sports.

The effect of educational placement on the self-concept of mildly intellectually handicapped (MIH) children

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Burton ◽  
Paul C. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Special School ◽  
Educational Placement ◽  
Regular School ◽  
General School

The self-concepts of mildly intellectually handicapped (MIH) children (N=30) in special school, MIH children in a regular school not receiving special education assistance (N=30), and controls (N=30) in regular school were compared using the Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ) (Marsh, Smith, & Barnes, 1985). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant relationship between the educational placement of children and their self-concepts. MIH children in special school scored significantly higher than MIH children in regular school and controls on physical appearance self-concept, peer relationship self-concept, mathematics self-concept, general school self-concept, and general self-concept. Additionally, MIH children in special school scored significantly higher on both academic and non-academic self-concepts when compared with both other groups.

Older Adult Perceptions of Attitudes Toward Sex Among the Elderly

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Bond ◽  
Richard R. Tramer
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex

ABSTRACTTwo hundred and seventy three married, independently living adults completed an 11-item Likert questionnaire of perceived attitudes of various reference groups toward sexual relations among the elderly. Multivariate analysis of variance of Helmert contrasts revealed no significant age, sex or age X sex interaction effects among the respondents. With the exception of elderly females, the younger the age of the reference group, the less favorable the perceived attitude toward sexual activities among the elderly; the self, the doctor and spouse were seen as more favorable toward sex among the elderly than friends, clergy or children.

scholarly journals Standardized Self-Report Tools in Geriatric Medicine Practice: A Quality Improvement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
Melissa Northwood ◽  
George Heckman ◽  
Nicole Didyk ◽  
Sophie Hogeveen ◽  
Amanda Nova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Geriatric Medicine ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Communication Impairments

Abstract Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)—a multidimensional diagnostic process to determine medical, cognitive, and functional capacity—has historically included a narrative history supplemented by use of tools to assess domains such as mood or cognition based on assessor preference. This approach to CGA likely works to assess individuals but with increasing clinical complexity and frailty among older adults, a non-standardized approach may mean that key issues are not assessed, and program quality cannot be determined. The COVID-19 pandemic added to these challenges as social distancing practices meant limited face-to-face appointments and use of phone and video assessments. This quality improvement study implemented the interRAI Check-Up Self-Report instrument through a software platform in a specialized geriatric services practice. The instrument can be used over the phone and summarizes specific health problems and needs as well as information about caregiver status and financial trade-offs. Focus groups were also conducted with specialized geriatric services interprofessional team to explore their experiences with implementation. The descriptive analysis of the self-report data revealed expected geriatric issues, such as cognitive and functional impairment, falls and pain. Clients were also commonly experiencing medical instability, cardiorespiratory symptoms, communication impairments, and elevated risk for emergency department visit. Staff found the self-report tool feasible, easy to use, efficient, and the program-level metrics helpful for program planning. In conclusion, introduction of a standardized self-report enhanced CGA by creating a systematic method to flag, track, and prioritize all areas of need for immediate and future care planning at both the client and program level.

Measuring the Big Five in Self-Report and Other Ratings

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Gian Vittorio Caprara
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Response Modes

Summary: The aim of the study is to assess the construct validity of two different measures of the Big Five, matching two “response modes” (phrase-questionnaire and list of adjectives) and two sources of information or raters (self-report and other ratings). Two-hundred subjects, equally divided in males and females, were administered the self-report versions of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) and the Big Five Observer (BFO), a list of bipolar pairs of adjectives ( Caprara, Barbaranelli, & Borgogni, 1993 , 1994 ). Every subject was rated by six acquaintances, then aggregated by means of the same instruments used for the self-report, but worded in a third-person format. The multitrait-multimethod matrix derived from these measures was then analyzed via Structural Equation Models according to the criteria proposed by Widaman (1985) , Marsh (1989) , and Bagozzi (1994) . In particular, four different models were compared. While the global fit indexes of the models were only moderate, convergent and discriminant validities were clearly supported, and method and error variance were moderate or low.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document