The Role of Emoticons in the Comprehension of Emotional and Non-emotional Messages in Dyslexic Youth – A Preliminary Study

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Leśniak ◽

Szczepan J. Grzybowski

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Communication System ◽

Response Times ◽

Emotional Content ◽

Pertinent Question ◽

Verbal Content ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Short Messages

The study explored how well-dyslexic youth deals with written messages in an environment simulating popular social network communication system. The messaging systems, present more and more in pandemic and post-pandemic online world, are rich in nonverbal aspects of communicating, namely, the emoticons. The pertinent question was whether the presence of emoticons in written messages of emotional and non-emotional content changes the comprehension of the messages. Thirty-two pupils aged 11–15 took part in the study, 16 had a school-approved diagnosis of dyslexia and were included in the experimental group. Sixteen controls had no diagnosed disabilities. Both groups viewed short messages of four types (each including seven communicates): verbal-informative (without emoticons and emotional verbal content), verbal-emotive (without emoticons, with emotional verbal content), emoticon-informative (including emoticon-like small pictures, but without emotional content either verbal or nonverbal), and emoticon-emotive (with standard emoticons and including verbal-emotional content). The participants had to answer short questions after quick presentation of each message that tested their comprehension of the content. RTs and accuracy of the answers were analyzed. Students without dyslexia had shorter response times to the questions regarding all types of messages than the dyslexic participants. The answers of the experimental group to the questions about the emoticon-informative messages were less correct. The study pointed tentatively to the beneficial role of emoticons (especially the nonstandard, i.e., of non-emotional kind) in reading short messages with understanding.

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Suva Residents’ Views on Cancer, Diabetes and HIV in The Fiji Times

The Journal of Pacific Studies ◽

10.33318/jpacs.2020.40(1)-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farzana Gounder

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Structural Reforms ◽

Letters To The Editor ◽

Medical Responsibility ◽

Grassroots Support ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Socially Relevant ◽

Situated Approach ◽

Significant Health

The burden of preventable diseases is increasing in the South Pacific Island Countries and Territories. In Fiji, significant media attention and national finances are spent on public dissemination of the modifiable risk factors of chronic illnesses. However, little is known about lay societal perceptions of chronic illnesses and of people living with these illnesses. This preliminary study takes an area-situated approach to lay knowledge and examines Suva residents’ moral evaluations associated with socially significant health concerns in Fiji. Using the case studies of HIV, cancer, and diabetes, the research employs content analysis to examine 144 Suva residents’ Letters to the Editor, published between 2000 and 2019 in The Fiji Times. The findings indicate that letter writers on chronic illnesses are power sensitive, interested in governmental responsibility, and aware of the role of stigma in creating inequitable health outcomes. The study’s findings locate chronic illness as not only a medical responsibility but also a social justice and human rights concern that requires a multisectoral approach, with community-tailored responses at the heart of all discussions. The lay-societal recognition of the three illnesses as being socially relevant suggests grassroots support for policies directed towards structural reforms for the prevention and management of these illnesses.

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New Democracy in Digital Era through Social Media and News Online

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v11i1.6182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Abitassha Az Zahra ◽

Eko Priyo Purnomo ◽

Aulia Nur Kasiwi

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Social Network ◽

Communication Networks ◽

Social Communication ◽

Development Policy ◽

Online News ◽

Digital Era ◽

The Social ◽

New Democracy

The research aimed to explain the pattern of social communication on the issue of rejection of the PLTU Batang development policy. It used data on Twitter accounts involved in the rejection of the PLTU Batang development policy. In analyzing existing data, qualitative methods and social analysis networks were used. To see social networks in the rejection of the PLTU Batang development policy, the research used the NodeXL application to find out the patterns of social communication networks in #TolakPLTUBatang. From the results, it can be seen that in the dissemination of social networking information, the @praditya_wibby account is the most central account in the social network and has a strong influence on the social network. The @praditya_wibby account has a role in moving the community through Twitter to make a critical social movement. This means that in the current digital era, democracy enters a new form through the movement of public opinion delivery through social media. Besides, by encouraging the role of online news, the distribution of information becomes faster to form new perceptions of an issue. This is evident from the correlation network where the @praditya_wibby account has correlations with several compass online media accounts, tirto.id, okezonenews, vice, antaranews, BBCIndonesia, and CNN Indonesia.

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Psychosocial Resources as Predictors of Depression among Older Adults in Korea: The Role of Sense of Mastery, Social Network, and Social Support

Hallym International Journal of Aging ◽

10.2190/ha2.1.c ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yuri Jang ◽

William E. Haley ◽

Brent J. Small ◽

Sandra L. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Network ◽

Psychosocial Resources ◽

Predictors Of Depression ◽

Sense Of Mastery

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Networks

The Oxford Handbook of Social Networks ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190251765.013.34 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 534-562

Author(s):

Matthew O. Jackson ◽

Brian W. Rogers ◽

Yves Zenou

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Labor Markets ◽

Network Formation ◽

Labor Market Outcomes ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Market Outcomes

What is the role of social networks in driving persistent differences between races and genders in education and labor market outcomes? What is the role of homophily in such differences? Why is such homophily seen even if it ends up with negative consequences in terms of labor markets? This chapter discusses social network analysis from the perspective of economics. The chapter is organized around the theme of externalities: the effects that one’s behavior has on others’ welfare. Externalities underlie the interdependencies that make networks interesting to social scientists. This chapter discusses network formation, as well as interactions between people’s behaviors within a given network, and the implications in a variety of settings. Finally, the chapter highlights some empirical challenges inherent in the statistical analysis of network-based data.

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Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/03795721211025434 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 037957212110254

Author(s):

Harleen Kaur ◽

Neerja Singla ◽

Rohini Jain

Keyword(s):

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Population Prevalence ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.

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The Analysis on the Role of Social Network in the Field of Anti-Terrorism Take the "East Turkistan" Organization as an Example

2020 5th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE) ◽

10.1109/icmcce51767.2020.00493 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyuan Liu ◽

Tianyang Sun ◽

Fanliang Bu ◽

Hang Qin

Keyword(s):

Social Network

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Induced Empathy Moderates Emotional Responses to Expressive Qualities in Music

Musicae Scientiae ◽

10.1177/1029864920974729 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 102986492097472

Author(s):

Katherine O’Neill ◽

Hauke Egermann

Keyword(s):

Ecological Validity ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Control Group ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Music Listening ◽

Psychological Mechanisms ◽

Priming Paradigm ◽

Valence And Arousal ◽

Experimental Group

Recent research has explored the role of empathy in the context of music listening. Here, through an empathy priming paradigm, situational empathy was shown to act as a causal mechanism in inducing emotion, although the way empathy was primed had low levels of ecological validity. We therefore conducted an online experiment to explore the extent to which information about a composer’s expressive intentions when writing a piece of music would significantly affect the degree to which participants reportedly empathise with the composer and in turn influence emotional responses to expressive music. A total of 229 participants were randomly assigned to three groups. The experimental group read short texts describing the emotions felt by the composer during the process of composition. To control for the effect of text regardless of its content, one control group read texts describing the characteristics of the music they were to hear, and a second control group was not given any textual information. Participants listened to 30-second excerpts of four pieces of music, selected to express emotions from the four quadrants of the circumplex theory of emotion. Having heard each music excerpt, participants rated the valence and arousal they experienced and completed a measure of situational empathy. Results show that situational empathy in response to music is significantly associated with trait empathy. As opposed to those in the control conditions, participants in the experimental group responded with significantly higher levels of situational empathy. Receiving this text significantly moderated the effect of the expressiveness of stimuli on induced emotion, indicating that it induced empathy. We conclude that empathy can be induced during music listening through the provision of information about the specific emotions of a person relating to the music. These findings contribute to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie emotional responses to music.

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A Direct Assessment of the Role of Expectation in Inhibition of Return

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01979.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 783-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Thomas M. Spalek

Keyword(s):

Inhibition Of Return ◽

Response Times ◽

Direct Measure ◽

Imaginary Circle ◽

Direct Assessment ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

Indirect Measures

An object hidden among distractors can be found more efficiently if previously searched locations are not reinspected. The inhibition-of-return (IOR) phenomenon indexes the tendency to avoid reinspections. Two accounts of IOR, that it is due to inhibition and that it is due to expectation, are generally regarded as incompatible. The relevant evidence to date, however, has been indirect: Inhibition or expectation has been inferred from response times or similar indirect measures. This article reports the first direct measure of IOR, obtained by asking observers to predict the location of the next target in a display containing eight possible locations on an imaginary circle. On any given trial, the previously cued location was chosen less frequently (impairment)—and the opposite location was chosen more frequently (facilitation)—than chance (choice of all other locations was at chance). The impairment is consistent with both inhibition and expectation accounts; the facilitation is consistent only with expectation accounts. This work also shows that inhibition and expectation are not necessarily incompatible: Implementing expectations may entail inhibiting previously cued locations.

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