scholarly journals The Interactive Functions of Questions in Embodied Collaborative Work

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Bietti ◽  
Federico U. Bietti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Do So

Researchers have been interested in the investigation of the interactive functions of questions in conversational contexts. However, limited research has been conducted on the interactive functions of questions in embodied collaborative work, that is, work that involves the manipulation of physical objects. This study aimed to identify the interactive functions of questions in embodied collaborative work. To do so, we conducted a systematic qualitative analysis of a dataset of 1,751 question-answer sequences collected from an experimental study where pairs of participants (N = 67) completed a collaborative food preparation task. The qualitative analysis enabled us to identify three functions of questions: anticipation questions, exploration questions, and confirmation questions. We have discussed in this study how the types of questions identified are associated with: (i) the accomplishment of interactional goals and (ii) complementary temporalities in the collaborative activities.

scholarly journals Mandevillian Virtues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Astola
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Traits ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Do So

AbstractStudies in collective intelligence have shown that suboptimal cognitive traits of individuals can lead a group to succeed in a collective cognitive task, in recent literature this is called mandevillian intelligence. Analogically, as Mandeville has suggested, the moral vices of individuals can sometimes also lead to collective good. I suggest that this mandevillian morality can happen in many ways in collaborative activities. Mandevillian morality presents a challenge for normative virtue theories in ethics. The core of the problem is that mandevillian morality implies that individual vice is, in some cases, valuable. However, normative virtue theories generally see vice as disvaluable. A consequence of this is that virtue theories struggle to account for the good that can emerge in a collective. I argue that normative virtue theories can in fact accommodate for mandevillian emergent good. I put forward three distinctive features that allow a virtue theory to do so: a distinction between individual and group virtues, a distinction between motivational and teleological virtues, and an acknowledgement of the normativity of “vicious” roles in groups.

Deliberate Presleep Control of Dream Content: An Experimental Study

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Griffin ◽  
D. Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Do So

29 subjects attempted, over a period of 10 nights, to influence their dreams using techniques described in Garfield's book, Creative Dreaming (1974). A target suggestion was selected from a list of six suggestions compiled by, or for, each subject. Subjects kept daily records during the experiment both of their efforts at dream influence and of the dreams they recalled. Four judges attempted to identify from the dream material the target suggestion on each subject's suggestion list. The results indicated that the judges were unable to do so at better than chance levels. Thus analysis indicated no reliable evidence that conscious presleep suggestions become incorporated into dream content.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of the light sword lens performance with a variable pupil size

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torres-Sepúlveda ◽  
Alejandro Mira-Agudelo ◽  
John Fredy Barrera ◽  
Andrzej Kolodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Diffraction Structure ◽  
Do So

This paper presents an experimental study designed to test the performance of the light sword lens (LSL) with different pupil sizes. To do so, Snellen optotype images obtained by a monofocal lens either with or without an LSL, were compared. Images were obtained for three different pupil sizes at several target vergences. The correlation coefficient and through-focus curves were obtained and compared. The experimental results show differences in the contrast and the depth of focus with different pupil sizes using the monofocal lens without an LSL. In contrast, when using the monofocal lens in combination with the LSL, the quality of the images is similar for all pupils and target vergences used, with slight differences only in halos and contrast. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Mikula, Z. Jaroszewicz, A. Kolodziejczyk, K. Petelczyc, M. Sypek, G. P. Agrawal, "Imaging with extended focal depth by means of lenses with radial and angular modulation", Opt Express 15, 9184, (2007). CrossRef A. Kolodziejczyk, S. Bará, Z. Jaroszewicz, M. Sypek, "The Light Sword Optical Element—a New Diffraction Structure with Extended Depth of Focus", J. Mod Opt. 37, 1283, (1990). CrossRef K. Petelczyc et al, "Presbyopia compensation with a light sword optical element of a variable diameter", Photonics Lett. Pol. 1, 55 (2009). DirectLink A. Mira-Agudelo et al, "Compensation of Presbyopia With the Light Sword Lens", Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 57, 6871, (2016). CrossRef R.A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers (New York, Hafner, 13th Ed., 1958) CrossRef

scholarly journals Dispositional Pluralism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McKitrick
Keyword(s):  
Character Traits ◽  
Dispositional Property ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Do So ◽  
Dispositional Properties

Dispositional Pluralism is the view that dispositional properties are abundant and diverse. When something has a disposition, it is such that, if it were in a certain kind of circumstance, a certain kind of effect would occur. Dispositions include such varied properties as character traits like a hero’s courage, characteristics of physical objects like a wine glass’s fragility, and characteristics of microphysical entities like an electron’s charge. Some dispositions are natural while others are non-natural. Some dispositions called “powers” are ungrounded while non-fundamental dispositions are grounded in other properties. Some dispositions manifest constantly, some of them manifest spontaneously, while others manifest only when they are triggered to do so. Some dispositions manifest by causing another dispositional property to be instantiated, while others have manifestations that involve non-dispositional properties and relations. Some dispositions are intrinsic to their bearers while others are extrinsic. Some of them are causally relevant to their manifestations while others are not. Some dispositions manifest in some particular way in particular circumstances, while other dispositions manifest in various ways in various circumstances. What makes all of these diverse properties dispositions is their connection to a certain kind of counterfactual fact. Nevertheless, disposition ascriptions are not semantically reducible to counterfactual claims.

scholarly journals The Social Functions of Questions in Embodied Collaborative Work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M Bietti ◽  
Federico U. Bietti
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Group Productivity ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Do So

Researchers have been interested in the investigation of the social functions of questions in conversational contexts. However, limited research has been conducted on the social functions of questions in embodied collaborative work, i.e. work that involves the manipulation of physical objects. The aim of this study was to identify the social functions of questions in embodied collaborative work and to determine whether such functions correlate with performance outcomes. To do so, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of a dataset of 1751 question-answer sequences collected from an experimental study where pairs of participants (N=134) completed a collaborative food preparation task. Qualitative analysis enabled us to identify three functions of questions: Anticipation questions, exploration questions and confirmation questions. Quantitative analyses revealed that there was no correlation between the types of questions and group performance. However, they showed that groups that contributed the most to performance presented a similar distribution of question types. The identification of such patterns is a first step towards the design and implementation of interaction-focused interventions aimed at increasing group productivity in embodied collaborative work.

Social Activism in the ‘Blackosphere’

2011 ◽  
pp. 2286-2399
Author(s):  
Lynette Kvasny ◽  
Fay Cobb Payton ◽  
Kayla D. Hales
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Black People ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Activism ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Underserved Groups ◽  
Do So

Using Denning’s model of Internet activism as a sensitizing framework, this chapter describes the manner in which Black bloggers (referred to as the ‘Blackosphere’) express and negotiate their ethnic identity online. We analyze discussions in the Blackosphere in response to the Jena 6 case to illustrate how the Internet has empowered Black people, changed media publicity, and served as a means of collaborative activities that support social activism. It is our hope that this chapter will encourage researchers to explore further how and why historically underserved groups engage in social activism on the Internet, and the various technologies and social practices they use to do so.

Integration of Examination Strategies in E-Learning Platform for Assessment of Collaborative Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Amina Aouine ◽  
Latifa Mahdaoui
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Or Team ◽  
Collaborative Activities

In this article, the authors propose a set of examination strategies for distributing tasks of collaborative activities. The first purpose behind this proposal is to assess fairly the learners who are involved in group or team work at the e-learning platform. Indeed, in the literature, few methods are used to assess the learners' individual contributions to the collective or collaborative work. Therefore, the proposal of this article is based mainly around this issue. This will lead to an approach to assess individuals within the learning group (or team), which in turn, will allow to assess the group (or team) as a learning entity.

scholarly journals Trabajo colaborativo en ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje: Algunas reflexiones y perspectivas estudiantiles

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Mora-Vicariol ◽  
Carlene Hooper-Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Virtual Learning ◽  
Virtual Learning Environments ◽  
Virtual Courses ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Collaborative Activities

The collaborative work in virtual learning environments becomes more relevant at a time when technology is used intensively. This paper shows the results of research conducted at the Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) in Costa Rica, about students’ perceptions around the concept and implications of collaborative work in two online courses provided by Dirección de Extensión Universitaria (Dirextu). The aim of this study is to establish the difference between collaborative work and group work as well as knowing the tools that can be used to promote this type of activity in virtual learning environments. The methodology used for this article applied a survey to two groups of students, each belonging to two different virtual courses of the Dirección de Extensión Universitaria (Dirextu). This study was based on quantitative research and applied an instrument with open and closed questions. The analysis process of the results was performed with the help of tables and figures (graphs). Finally, the study exposes a series of conclusions and recommendations among which we highlight the following: students do like collaborative activities because they diversify the teaching modes and improve the learning styles. 

Intuitive Strategies and Preconceptions about Association in Contingency Tables

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Carmen Batanero ◽  
Antonio Estepa ◽  
Juan D. Godino ◽  
David R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Contingency Tables ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Solution Strategies ◽  
Original Classification

The aim of this research was to identify students' preconceptions concerning statistical association in contingency tables. An experimental study was carried out with 213 preuniversity students, and it was based on students' responses to a written questionnaire including 2 × 2, 2 × 3, and 3 × 3 contingency tables. In this article, the students' judgments of association and solution strategies are compared with the findings of previous psychological research on 2 × 2 contingency tables. We also present an original classification of students' strategies, from a mathematical point of view. Correspondence analysis is used to show the effect of item task variables on students' strategies. Finally, we include a qualitative analysis of the strategies of 51 students, which has served to characterize three misconceptions concerning statistical association.

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