scholarly journals Indeterminate and Enriched Propositions in Context Linger: Evidence From an Eye-Tracking False Memory Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn Antal ◽  
Roberto G. de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Recognition Time ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Probe Recognition ◽  
The One ◽  
Delayed Time ◽  
Time Point

A sentence such as We finished the paper is indeterminate with regards to what we finished doing with the paper. Indeterminate sentences constitute a test case for two major issues regarding language comprehension: (1) how we compose sentence meaning; and (2) what is retained in memory about what we read in context over time. In an eye-tracking experiment, participants read short stories that were unexpectedly followed by one of three recognition probes: (a) an indeterminate sentence (Lisa began the book), that is identical to the one in the story; (b) an enriched but false probe (Lisa began reading the book); and (c) a contextually unrelated probe (Lisa began writing the book). The probes were presented either at the offset of the original indeterminate sentence in context or following additional neutral discourse. We measured accuracy, probe recognition time, and reading times of the probe sentences. Results showed that, at the immediate time point, participants correctly accepted the identical probes with high accuracy and short recognition times, but that this effect reversed to chance-level accuracy and significantly longer recognition times at the delayed time point. We also found that participants falsely accept the enriched probe at both time points 50% of the time. There were no reading-time differences between identical and enriched probes, suggesting that enrichment might not be an early, mandatory process for indeterminate sentences. Overall, results suggest that while context produces an enriched proposition, an unenriched proposition true to the indeterminate sentence also lingers in memory.

scholarly journals Pathways to relativistic curved momentum spaces: de Sitter case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Amelino-Camelia ◽  
Giulia Gubitosi ◽  
Giovanni Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Space ◽  
Hopf Algebras ◽  
Affine Connection ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Test Case ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Group Manifold ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Test

Several arguments suggest that the Planck scale could be the characteristic scale of curvature of momentum space. As other recent studies, we assume that the metric of momentum space determines the condition of on-shellness while the momentum space affine connection governs the form of the law of composition of momenta. We show that the possible choices of laws of composition of momenta are more numerous than the possible choices of affine connection on a momentum space. This motivates us to propose a new prescription for associating an affine connection to momentum composition, which we compare to the one most used in the recent literature. We find that the two prescriptions lead to the same picture of the so-called [Formula: see text]-momentum space, with de Sitter (dS) metric and [Formula: see text]-Poincaré connection. We then show that in the case of “proper dS momentum space”, with the dS metric and its Levi–Civita connection, the two prescriptions are inequivalent. Our novel prescription leads to a picture of proper dS momentum space which is DSR-relativistic and is characterized by a commutative law of composition of momenta, a possibility for which no explicit curved momentum space picture had been previously found. This momentum space can serve as laboratory for the exploration of the properties of DSR-relativistic theories which are not connected to group-manifold momentum spaces and Hopf algebras, and is a natural test case for the study of momentum spaces with commutative, and yet deformed, laws of composition of momenta.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models for Predicting the Biodiesel Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2362-2376
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Combine Fatty Acid ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Work

Density, viscosity and cetane number are important physical properties of biodiesel as they participate in one way or another in the fuel metering, calibration and nozzle process during combustion. High and good accuracy of the physical properties of biodiesel will therefore lead to improved combustion and therefore better efficiency. The aim of this study is therefore to seek good and high precision by combining properties and comparing the analysis between ANN and RSM. Studies have been made by researchers to collect data. In this study the combination of properties is exploited. A total of 1360 data from the various studies has been collected and exploited. From this data after elimination and treatment 39 possible combinations were analyzed and compared by ANN and RSM. The result of simulation is: The best combinations: 𝝆 = 𝒇(𝑭𝒂) , 𝝂 = 𝒇(𝑭𝒂) , 𝒄𝒏 = 𝒇(𝑭𝒂) with 𝑹 𝟐 respectively equal to (0.9998, 0.9998 , 0.9987) and R equal to ( 0.9997,0.99971,0.9984) obtained with ANN simulation provide more accuracy than 𝑹 𝟐 ( 0.912 , 0.799 , 0.766 ) and R ( 0.837, 0.739 , 0.920) obtained with RSM simulation in general 𝑹 𝟐 obtained with ANN (0.9998, 0.9998 , 0.9987) provide good accuracy than 𝑹 𝟐 (0.9112,0.799,0.766) obtained with RSM . Also there is a good relationship between fatty acid and others properties since they provide good result. In general the overall regression coefficient R and the correlation coefficient 𝑹 𝟐 values of the combinations obtained in the simulation with the ANN provide better and good accuracy since their values are close to each other and all close to 1, and their mse tend towards 0. While the one obtained with RSM are distant from each other and distant of 0 so they provide an acceptable accuracy.it is also important to note that high accuracy of properties using RSM must have at least combination of three parameters. Also after every combination, the conclusion says there is a good relationship between fatty acid and other properties. Then for the future work, it will be benefit to combine fatty acid with others properties and evaluate result, also use another network to simulate.

scholarly journals Visual Patterns in Reading Tasks: An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Meares-Irlen Syndrome Simulation Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Vitor Macedo Romera ◽  
Rafael Nobre Orsi ◽  
Rodrigo Filev Maia ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Irlen Syndrome ◽  
Visual Stress ◽  
Reading Patterns

This work investigates reading patterns based on effects of the Meares-Irlen Syndrome (SMI), a visual-perception deficit that affects indirectly our cognitive system. The most common symptoms related to SMI in reading tasks are visual stress, sensation of moving letters and distortions in the text. These effects have been computationally simulated here and using eye-tracking information of a number of participants we have been able to linearly classify each effects with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Learners Demographics Classification on MOOCs During the COVID-19: Author Profiling via Deep Learning Based on Semantic and Syntactic Representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani Aljohani ◽  
Alexandra I. Cristea
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Directional Model ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
The One

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become universal learning resources, and the COVID-19 pandemic is rendering these platforms even more necessary. In this paper, we seek to improve Learner Profiling (LP), i.e. estimating the demographic characteristics of learners in MOOC platforms. We have focused on examining models which show promise elsewhere, but were never examined in the LP area (deep learning models) based on effective textual representations. As LP characteristics, we predict here the employment status of learners. We compare sequential and parallel ensemble deep learning architectures based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks, obtaining an average high accuracy of 96.3% for our best method. Next, we predict the gender of learners based on syntactic knowledge from the text. We compare different tree-structured Long-Short-Term Memory models (as state-of-the-art candidates) and provide our novel version of a Bi-directional composition function for existing architectures. In addition, we evaluate 18 different combinations of word-level encoding and sentence-level encoding functions. Based on these results, we show that our Bi-directional model outperforms all other models and the highest accuracy result among our models is the one based on the combination of FeedForward Neural Network and the Stack-augmented Parser-Interpreter Neural Network (82.60% prediction accuracy). We argue that our prediction models recommended for both demographics characteristics examined in this study can achieve high accuracy. This is additionally also the first time a sound methodological approach toward improving accuracy for learner demographics classification on MOOCs was proposed.

scholarly journals Gazing at the partner in musical trios: a mobile eye-tracking study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Vandemoortele ◽  
Kurt Feyaerts ◽  
Mark Reybrouck ◽  
Geert De Bièvre ◽  
Geert Brône ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contrasting Cases ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The One ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking ◽  
Initial Exploration

Few investigations into the nonverbal communication in ensemble playing have focused on gaze behaviour up to now. In this study, the gaze behaviour of musicians playing in trios was recorded using the recently developed technique of mobile eye-tracking. Four trios (clarinet, violin, piano) were recorded while rehearsing and while playing several runs through the same musical fragment. The current article reports on an initial exploration of the data in which we describe how often gazing at the partner occurred. On the one hand, we aim to identify possible contrasting cases. On the other, we look for tendencies across the run-throughs. We discuss the quantified gaze behaviour in relation to the existing literature and the current research design.

‘Forlorn on the Fringe of Life’: Exploring Working-Class Childhood in Katherine Mansfield’s Short Stories

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argha Kumar Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parental Rejection ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The One

Abstract In Katherine Mansfield’s short story ‘Life of Ma Parker’, the old, widowed charwoman is plagued by ‘unbearable’ thoughts of her deceased grandson Lennie: ‘Why did he have to suffer so?’ Lennie’s unfortunate death in the story is not a solitary instance of tragic portrayal of working-class childhood in Mansfield’s short fiction. In several of her tales she empathetically explores the marginalized existence of such children, occasionally juxtaposing their deplorable existence with their elite counterparts’. From social exclusion, child labour, parental rejection, infant and child mortality on the one hand to physical and verbal abuse, bullying in the school and appalling living conditions on the other; Mansfield's exploration of the working-class childhood in her short fiction is not only psychologically complex but sociologically significant. Focusing on the relevant short stories in her oeuvre, this brief analysis intends to closely examine such depictions of marginalized childhood experiences, particularly in light of the oppressive societal conditions that validate their repressive alienation and sufferings. Tracing various biographical circumstances that may have fostered Mansfield’s deep empathy with the children’s’ predicament, this analysis also draws attention to her subtle oblique narrative strategies that effectively represent the plight of working-class children in a convincing and an ingeniously nuanced manner.

Critical Clearing Time Associate with Relation of Power Load Factor and Frequency in Transient Stability

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Ming Jong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Protection Relay ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Clearing Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Point

Critical clearing time is to determine the time point of the collapse of the power system when the power system occur transient stability by a huge of failure. So that the one is an important data on protection system in power system. Therefore as an electrical engineer must to look on mostly the point of one to analyze and design in the power. In this paper, through the protection relay and breaker analysis of operation to know the team of protection relay how to complete the automatic monitoring and isolated the fault-equipment in power system. To study and analyze the swing equation and equal area criterion, we found out the relation of critical clearing time is changed with power factor and frequency. The critical clearing time was verified a non-constant value which is changed with the power factor and; if the load power factor is high, the critical clearing time is high but the frequency is high, the critical clearing time is low with system swing in the transient stability. This paper will be verify below each paragraph.

scholarly journals Numerical solutions for unsteady gravity-driven flows in collapsible tubes: evolution and roll-wave instability of a steady state

1999 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 223-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. BROOK ◽  
S. A. E. G. FALLE ◽  
T. J. PEDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Godunov Method ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Collapsible Tubes ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
The One

Unsteady flow in collapsible tubes has been widely studied for a number of different physiological applications; the principal motivation for the work of this paper is the study of blood flow in the jugular vein of an upright, long-necked subject (a giraffe). The one-dimensional equations governing gravity- or pressure-driven flow in collapsible tubes have been solved in the past using finite-difference (MacCormack) methods. Such schemes, however, produce numerical artifacts near discontinuities such as elastic jumps. This paper describes a numerical scheme developed to solve the one-dimensional equations using a more accurate upwind finite volume (Godunov) scheme that has been used successfully in gas dynamics and shallow water wave problems. The adapatation of the Godunov method to the present application is non-trivial due to the highly nonlinear nature of the pressure–area relation for collapsible tubes.The code is tested by comparing both unsteady and converged solutions with analytical solutions where available. Further tests include comparison with solutions obtained from MacCormack methods which illustrate the accuracy of the present method.Finally the possibility of roll waves occurring in collapsible tubes is also considered, both as a test case for the scheme and as an interesting phenomenon in its own right, arising out of the similarity of the collapsible tube equations to those governing shallow water flow.

Strategies for the reinterpretation of normative texts within the Hebrew Bible

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard M. Levinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
Ten Commandments ◽  
Legal Innovation ◽  
Normative Statement ◽  
The One ◽  
Individual Accountability

Abstract Contemporary constitutional theory remains divided between competing approaches to the interpretation of normative texts: between originalism or original intent, on the one hand, and living constitution approaches, on the other. The purpose of this article is to complicate that problematic dichotomy by showing how cultures having a tradition of prestigious or authoritative texts addressed the problem of literary and legal innovation in antiquity. The study begins with cuneiform law from Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire, and then shows how ancient Israel’s development of the idea of divine revelation of law creates a cluster of constraints that would be expected to impede legal revision or amendment. The well-known Decalogue, or Ten Commandments, provides a valuable test-case, with its normative statement that God punishes sinners across generations (vicariously extending the punishment due them to three or four generations of their progeny). A series of inner-biblical and post-biblical responses to that rule demonstrates, however, that later writers were able to criticize, challenge, reject, and replace it with the alternative notion of individual accountability. The article will provide a series of close readings of the texts involved, drawing attention to their legal language and hermeneutical strategies. The conclusions stress the remarkable freedom to modify ostensibly normative statements available to ancient judicial interpreters, despite the expected constraints of a formative religious canon attributed to divine revelation.

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