scholarly journals Analysis of Habituation Learning in Mealworm Pupae (Tenebrio molitor)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Bernal-Gamboa ◽  
Jesús García-Salazar ◽  
A. Matías Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Sensory Adaptation ◽  
Stimulus Light ◽  
Repeated Stimulation ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Resting Period

The decline of response as a consequence of repeated stimulation is known as habituation. The goal of the present experiments was extending the knowledge about habituation of abdominal contractions in the pupa of Tenebrio molitor. Both experiments consisted of two phases. During Phase 1, all groups were exposed to a continuous stimulus (light in Experiment 1 and vibration in Experiment 2). At the beginning of this phase, pupae showed a high number of abdominal contractions. However, during the last minute of Phase 1, the number of abdominal contractions was lower. In the next phase, the pupae were divided in different groups to test for response recovery. We found an increase in the abdominal contractions when subjects were exposed to a different stimulus, be it within the same or in a distinct sensory modality. In addition, we also reported response recovery when the pupae were re-exposed to the original stimuli after a resting period. Results indicate that the increase in responding cannot be explained by either sensory adaptation or fatigue. The findings are consistent with the perspective that suggests that habituation plays a major role in the survival of the species, even in non-feeding developmental stages.

A Corporate Tax Return Simulation: Utilizing Electronic Work Papers and Resolving Ambiguous Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Best ◽  
Jennifer Kahle Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Management Communication ◽  
Two Phases

ABSTRACT Practitioners routinely note that new staff lack documentation skills, communication skills, and strong Excel skills. Further, new staff report critical-thinking, written and oral communication, teamwork, and project management skills deserve greater emphasis in Master of Accountancy programs. The AICPA's (2014) Model Tax Curriculum suggests that active learning approaches be used to enable students to build communication, critical-thinking, and interpersonal skills. This case uses a realistic corporate tax return preparation experience to address these criticisms by focusing on four main areas: time management, communication, research, and technical skills. The case is divided into two phases. In Phase 1, students review client information, generate requests from the client for missing information, keep a log of hours spent on the project, research ambiguous issues, meet with the project “senior” to obtain guidance, and prepare electronic work papers. In Phase 2, students incorporate feedback from the senior's review of their work papers to make corrections, prepare a corporate tax return, and create a client letter. Student feedback about the project is positive.

Psychiatry Transcript Annotation: Process Study and Improvements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Sridhar ◽  
Nazmul Kazi ◽  
Indika Kahanda ◽  
Bernadette McCrory
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Annotation Process ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Two Phases

Background: The demand for psychiatry is increasing each year. Limited research has been performed to improve psychiatrist work experience and reduce daily workload using computational methods. There is currently no validated tool or procedure for the mental health transcript annotation process for generating “gold-standard” data. The purpose of this paper was to determine the annotation process for mental health transcripts and how it can be improved to acquire more reliable results considering human factors elements. Method: Three expert clinicians were recruited in this study to evaluate the transcripts. The clinicians were asked to fully annotate two transcripts. An additional five subjects were recruited randomly (aged between 20-40) for this pilot study, which was divided into two phases, phase 1 (annotation without training) and phase 2 (annotation with training) of five transcripts. Kappa statistics were used to measure the inter-rater reliability and accuracy between subjects. Results: The inter-rater reliability between expert clinicians for two transcripts were 0.26 (CI 0.19 to 0.33) and 0.49 (CI 0.42 to 0.57), respectively. In the pilot testing phases, the mean inter-rater reliability between subjects was higher in phase 2 with training transcript (k= 0.35 (CI 0.052 to 0.625)) than in phase 1 without training transcript (k= 0.29 (CI 0.128 to 0.451)). After training, the accuracy percentage among subjects was significantly higher in transcript A (p=0.04) than transcript B (p=0.10). Conclusion: This study focused on understanding the annotation process for mental health transcripts, which will be applied in training machine learning models. Through this exploratory study, the research found appropriate categorical labels that should be included for transcripts annotation, and the importance of training the subjects. Contributions of this case study will help the psychiatric clinicians and researchers in implementing the recommended data collection process to develop a more accurate artificial intelligence model for fully- or semi-automated transcript annotation.

LinkedIn and recruitment: how profiles differ across occupations

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Zide ◽  
Ben Elman ◽  
Comila Shahani-Denning
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Group Member

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the elements of a LinkedIn profile that hiring professionals focus on most, and then examine LinkedIn profiles in terms of these identified elements across different industries. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology was comprised of two phases. In the first phase, researchers interviewed hiring professionals to determine their usage of LinkedIn. In the second phase, LinkedIn group member profiles from three industries – HR, sales/marketing and industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology – were compared on the 21 variables identified in Phase 1 (n=288). Findings – χ2 and ANOVA tests showed significant differences with respect to ten of the LinkedIn variables in how people presented themselves across the three groups. There were also several gender differences found. Research limitations/implications – A general limitation was the use of a qualitative research approach. A limitation of Phase 1 was that only a small sample of New York City-based hiring professionals was interviewed. Perhaps a wider, more diverse sample would have yielded different variables. In terms of Phase 2, it is possible that just utilizing the second connections of the researchers limited the generalizability of findings. Practical implications – User unwillingness to fully complete the LinkedIn profile suggests that it may not have replaced the traditional resume yet. Sales/marketing professionals were more likely than HR and I/O psychology professionals to complete multiple aspects of a LinkedIn profile. Women were also less likely than men to provide personal information on their profiles. Originality/value – Most of the empirical research on social networking sites has focussed on Facebook, a non-professional site. This is, from the knowledge, the first study that systematically examined the manner in which people present themselves on LinkedIn – the most popular professional site used by applicants and recruiters worldwide.

Physical Activity Health Literacy in Iranian Older Adults: Development and Psychometric Testing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Moeini Babak ◽  
Barati Majid ◽  
Heidarimoghadam Rashid ◽  
Tapak Leili ◽  
Parsamajd Shahryar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Phases

Inadequate health literacy decreases physical activity. This study aimed to develop and examine psychometrics of physical activity health literacy in Iranian older adults. This methodological work was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of extensive studies review and qualitative study to extract and design the items. The psychometrics were measured in Phase 2 included content, faceconstruct validities, reliability, and stability. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS (version 25.0) and AMOS (version 24.0). The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed four factors— information evaluation, reading skill, perception, and decision making—and used information that explained 70.08% of the variance. The model’s fitness was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency based on Cronbach’s alpha was .89 with composite reliability >0.85. Stability was confirmed through the test–retest method and intraclass correlation coefficient (.89–1). Psychometrics of physical activity health literacy in Iranian older adults supported validity and reliability of the tool.

Growth, development and allometry of Philophthalmus nocturnus in the eyes of domestic chicks

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. M. Swarnakumari ◽  
R. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Two Phases

ABSTRACTFifty day-old chicks were each infected with 10 excysted metaccreariae of Philophthalimus nocturnus Looss. 1907 around each orbit and growth, development and allometry were studied. The growth rate showed two phases over a period of 35 days, a limited lag phase lasting two days post-infection in which flukes did not exceed 440 μm in length, and a rapid phase during which growth was rapid and flukes reached a size of 3·008–3·504 mm on day 35. Five developmental stages were noticed during the course of development of the metacercaria to the egg-producing adult stage. Eggs appeared in the uterus on day 14 and oculate miracidia on day 25. The hindhody, testes and ovary showed positive allometric growth, the pharnyx less so, whereas negative allometric growth was shown by the forebody. Body width, oral sucker and ventral sucker were close to isometry, growing at the same rate as the body length.

scholarly journals Convective Characteristics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation over the Central Indian Ocean Observed by Shipborne Radar during DYNAMO

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 2859-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixin Xu ◽  
Steven A. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Central Indian Ocean ◽  
Radar Echo ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract This study investigates the convective population and environmental conditions during three MJO events over the central Indian Ocean in late 2011 using measurements collected from the Research Vessel (R/V) Roger Revelle deployed in Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO). Radar-based rainfall estimates from the Revelle C-band radar are first placed in the context of larger-scale Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall data to demonstrate that the reduced Revelle radar range captured the MJO convective evolution. Time series analysis and MJO phase-based composites of Revelle measurements both support the “recharge–discharge” MJO theory. Time series of echo-top heights indicate that convective deepening during the MJO onset occurs over a 12–16-day period. Composite statistics show evident recharging–discharging features in convection and the environment. Population of shallow/isolated convective cells, SST, CAPE, and the lower-tropospheric moisture increase (recharge) substantially approximately two to three phases prior to the MJO onset. Deep and intense convection and lightning peak in phase 1 when the sea surface temperature and CAPE are near maximum values. However, cells in this phase are not well organized and produce little stratiform rain, possibly owing to reduced shear and a relatively dry upper troposphere. The presence of deep convection leads the mid- to upper-tropospheric humidity by one to two phases, suggesting its role in moistening these levels. During the MJO onset (i.e., phase 2), the mid- to upper troposphere becomes very moist, and precipitation, radar echo-top heights, and the mesoscale extent of precipitation all increase and obtain peak values. Persistent heavy precipitation in these active periods helps reduce the SST and dry/stabilize (or discharge) the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Removal of organic matter from pre-treated domestic sewage in anaerobic biological reactor by a combined system of electrolytic and biological aerobic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ariela Araujo Fonseca ◽  
Yovanka Pérez Ginoris ◽  
Norma Mendes Pinheiro Gontijo ◽  
Marco Antonio Almeida de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Electrolytic Process ◽  
Two Phases

Biological processes are the most widespread methods for wastewater treatment. However, they are limited in their ability to degrade toxic and refractory pollutants, contaminants that electrochemical processes can remove. Therefore, this research explored the possibility of treating sewage by an anaerobic biological process followed by an aerobic system integrated to an electrolytic process. Three sequential batch reactors were operated in an automated way. Each of three reactors represented a process: aerobic biological treatment (BR); electrolytic treatment (ER); and a combination of both, the bio electrolytic reactor (BER). Two phases were ran with different electrodes: (Phase 1) stainless steel and (Phase 2) graphite. The electric current was varied from 0.001 to 0.100 A. COD, TS, SS, turbidity, and the zooplankton community were monitored. The highest organic matter removal efficiencies were 86%, 79% and 87% for BR, ER and BER, respectively. The best weekly BER efficiencies for COD removal were 90% and 98%, with current densities of 0.27 A/m2 (Phase 1) and 0.05 A/m2 (Phase 2). The main conclusions about bio electrolytic process were: (1) it did not achieve organic matter removal high enough to justify its application; (2) inert electrodes are the more indicated; and (3) the zooplankton community was affected by the electric current.

scholarly journals Developing a realist theory of psychosocial rehabilitation: the Clubhouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Mutschler ◽  
Jen Rouse ◽  
Kelly McShane ◽  
Criss Habal-Brosek
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Clubhouse Model ◽  
Two Phases

Background Psychosocial rehabilitation is a service that supports recovery from mental illness by providing opportunities for skill development, self-determination, and social interaction. One type of psychosocial rehabilitation is the Clubhouse model. The purpose of the current project was to create, test, and refine a realist theory of psychosocial rehabilitation at Progress Place, an accredited Clubhouse. Method Realist evaluation is a theory driven evaluation that uncovers contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes, in order to develop a theory as to how a program works. The current study involved two phases, encompassing four steps: Phase 1 included (1) initial theory development and (2) initial theory refinement; and Phase 2 included (3) theory testing and (4) refinement. Results The data from this two-phase approach identified three demi-regularities of recovery comprised of specific mechanisms and outcomes: the Restorative demi-regularity, the Reaffirming demi-regularity, and the Re-engaging demi-regularity. The theory derived from these demi-regularities suggests that there are various mechanisms that produce outcomes of recovery from the psychosocial rehabilitation perspective, and as such, it is necessary that programs promote a multifaceted, holistic perspective on recovery. Conclusions The realist evaluation identified that Progress Place promotes recovery for members. Additional research on the Clubhouse model should be conducted to further validate that the model initiates change and promotes recovery outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing International Board Certified Lactation Consultants to Continue Advancing Practice Beyond Certification: A Multinational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolyn Vaughan ◽  
Anne McMurray ◽  
Mary Sidebotham ◽  
Jennifer Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Lifelong Learners ◽  
Lactation Consultant ◽  
Qualitative Understanding ◽  
Lactation Consultants ◽  
Two Phases

Background:Certification as a lactation consultant is based on practitioners having achieved a standard of knowledge indicative of their competence to practice by passing a psychometric examination. The underpinning principle of recertification programs is to support clinicians to become lifelong learners by progressively enhancing and advancing their knowledge and skills in line with contemporary evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) to advance their practice.Method:A mixed-methods study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 included focus groups, interviews, and participants’ demographic data. Phase 2 comprised of an online questionnaire to IBCLCs. This approach was designed to provide a comprehensive qualitative understanding of the IBCLCs’ experiences, which was then triangulated with quantitative data from a significantly larger population of IBCLCs in Phase 2.Results:The findings are described in themes and subthemes. Participants in phase 2 (n = 3,946) reported being intrinsically motivated (93.3%, n = 3,631) and committed to providing evidence-based guidance and optimal care to support breastfeeding mothers. They identified various sources of continuing education, although attendance at conferences, peer support, and reflective sessions were the most common approaches to enhancing knowledge. They recognized that it was through extension of knowledge that they were able to advance their practice.Conclusion:This article identifies strategies that the managers, educators, and certification bodies can adopt to support the IBCLCs in continuing to advance their practice, which will ultimately improve breastfeeding outcomes for mothers.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Multi-User Detection for Highly Overloaded Uplink Grant-Free NOMA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Mahdi Hasan ◽  
Kaushik Mahata ◽  
Md Mashud Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sparse Recovery ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Sensing Matrix ◽  
Recovery Algorithm ◽  
Spreading Sequence ◽  
Active User ◽  
Machine Type Communication ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Limited Spectrum

Grant-Free Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) offers promising solutions to realize uplink (UL) massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) using limited spectrum resources, while reducing signalling overhead. Because of the sparse, sporadic activities exhibited by the user equipments (UE), the active user detection (AUD) problem is often formulated as a compressive sensing problem. In line of that, greedy sparse recovery algorithms are spearheading the development of compressed sensing based multi-user detectors (CS-MUD). However, for a given number of resources, the performance of CS-MUD algorithms are fundamentally limited at higher overloading of NOMA. To circumvent this issue, in this work, we propose a two-stage hierarchical multi-user detection framework, where the UEs are randomly assigned to some pre-defined clusters. The active UEs split their data transmission frame into two phases. In the first phase an UE uses the sinusoidal spreading sequence (SS) of its cluster. In the second phase the UE uses its own unique random SS. At phase 1 of detection, the active clusters are detected, and a reduced sensing matrix is constructed. This matrix is used in Phase 2 to recover the active UE indices using some sparse recovery algorithm. Numerical investigations validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in highly overloaded scenarios.

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