Predictive and Incremental Validity of Parental Representations During Pregnancy on Child Attachment

Parental pre-natal representations predict the interactive patterns that parents will put in place after childbirth. Early interactions defined by high parental emotional availability (EA) influence the development of security in children. To date, research on the predictive role of parental pre-natal representations on child attachment is still poor. Moreover, investigations on pre-natal representations have mainly focused on mothers. This study aimed at: investigating the criterion validity of the Interview of Maternal Representations During Pregnancy-Revised (IRMAG-R) and of the Interview of Paternal Representations During Pregnancy (IRPAG), using EA, parental attachment, and child attachment toward both parents, as criteria; testing the incremental validity of the IRMAG-R and IRPAG in the prediction of child attachment, controlling for other covariates, such as depressive and anxious levels during pregnancy, EA, and parental attachment; evaluating the possible mediation role of EA on the relationship between parental representations during pregnancy and child attachment. Fifty couples of primiparous parents were recruited during pregnancy, when the IRMAG-R and IRPAG were administered to mothers and fathers. At 6–9 months after childbirth, the mother–child and father–child interactions were coded by means of the EA Scales (EAS). At 14–18 after childbirth, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was administered to parents, and the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) was carried out to assess children's attachment toward mothers and fathers, respectively. The results showed significant correlations between parental pre-natal representations and EA, parental attachment and child attachment. As regards the prediction of child attachment, the IRMAG-R/IRPAG categories showed: a significant and large unique contribution for maternal representations; a close to be significant contribution for paternal representations (with a higher effect size for mothers than fathers). Moreover, while the indirect effect of pre-natal representations in the prediction of child attachment was not significant for mothers, it was instead significant for fathers. The results of this study confirmed the criterion validity of the IRMAG-R and IRPAG, and supported the incremental validity of the IRMAG-R and IRPAG in the prediction of children's attachment categories. Finally, the mediation models revealed that EA did not mediate the relationship between maternal pre-natal representations and child attachment, while it totally mediated the relationship between paternal pre-natal representations and child attachment.

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Emotion information processing as a new component of emotional intelligence: Theoretical framework and empirical evidence

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/08902070211007672 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702110076

Author(s):

Marina Fiori ◽

Shagini Udayar ◽

Ashley Vesely Maillefer

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Information Processing ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Factorial Structure ◽

Ability Emotional Intelligence ◽

Processing Component ◽

Overall Performance ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and emotion information processing (EIP) has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The present research addresses these gaps in the literature by introducing a conceptualization of emotional intelligence as composed of two distinct components: (1) EIK or emotion Knowledge component, captured by current ability emotional intelligence tests, related to top-down, higher order reasoning about emotions, and which depends more strongly on acquired and culture-bound knowledge about emotions; (2) EIP or emotion information Processing component, measured with emotion information processing tasks, requires faster processing and is based on bottom-up attention-related responses to emotion information. In Study 1 ( N = 349) we tested the factorial structure of this new EIP component within the nomological network of intelligence and current ability emotional intelligence. In Study 2 ( N =111) we tested the incremental validity of EIP in predicting both overall performance and the charisma of a presenter while presenting in a stressful situation. Results support the importance of acknowledging the role of emotion information processing in the emotional intelligence literature and point to the utility of introducing a new EI measure that would capture stable individual differences in how individuals process emotion information.

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Guardianship and Informal Social Control

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.315 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle M. Reynald

Keyword(s):

Social Control ◽

Crime Control ◽

Social Ties ◽

Informal Social Control ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Key Points ◽

The Relationship ◽

Critical Overview ◽

Neighborhood Level

This article provides a critical overview of the concepts of guardianship and informal social control. The discussion compares these fundamental criminological concepts and highlights areas where there is overlap, as well as key points of departure. The relationship between these concepts is scrutinized to illustrate their distinct origins as well as the distinctive ways each of these concepts have developed within the criminological literature. This article focuses on informal social control as a multi-level community process, and on guardianship as a multi-dimensional situational concept comprising, in its most fundamental form, the presence or availability of guardians, inadvertent and/or purposive supervision and direct or indirect intervention. In doing so it showcases the dimensions of guardianship which bear close resemblance to aspects of informal social control, while simultaneously emphasizing that there are important distinctions to consider when comparing some of these dimensions and the levels at which they operate. One core distinction is that informal social control is dependent on neighborhood social ties and collectively shared expectations. On the other hand, while guardianship can be strengthened by social ties at the street-block or neighborhood level, it does not necessarily require such ties to function effectively at the microlevel. Although these concepts do coincide the discussion stresses that theoretical and empirical clarification about what makes them distinct is important. In conclusion, this article shows how each concept makes a unique contribution to criminological understanding about the role of informal citizens in crime control at places.

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Commentary on the New Charity Undertakings Law

The China Nonprofit Review ◽

10.1163/18765149-12341334 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 273-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larry Catá Backer

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Communist Party ◽

National Development ◽

The Political ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Political Policy ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Theoretical Considerations

Abstract China’s new Charity Law represents the culmination of over a decade of planning for the appropriate development of the productive forces of the charity sector in aid of socialist modernization. Together with the related Foreign ngo Management Law, it represents an important advance in the organization of the civil society sector within emerging structures of Socialist Rule of Law principles. While both Charity and Foreign ngo Management Laws could profitably be considered as parts of a whole, each merits discussion for its own unique contribution to national development. Moreover, while analysis tends to focus on legal conformity of the Charity Law to the state constitution, little work has been done to analyze the relationship of the Charity Law to the political constitution of China. This essay seeks to fill that gap by considering the role of the Charity Law through the lens of the Constitution of the Communist Party of China. More specifically, the essay examines the extent to which the provisions of the Charity Law, and its underlying policies, contribute to the implementation and realization of the Chinese Communist Party (ccp) Basic Line and in the context of the overall political policy of “socialist modernization which has served as the core of the political line of the ccp since the last decades of the 20th century. The essay is organized as follows: Section ii considers the specific provisions of the Charity Law, with some reference to changes between the first draft and the final version of the Charity Law. Section iii then considers some of the more theoretical considerations that suggest a framework for understanding the great contribution of the Charity Law as well as the challenges that remain for the development of the productive forces of the civil society sector at this historical stage of China’s development.

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The Role of Parental Acceptance–Rejection in Emotional Instability During Adolescence

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16071194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Santiago Mendo-Lázaro ◽

Benito León-del-Barco ◽

María-Isabel Polo-del-Río ◽

Rocío Yuste-Tosina ◽

Víctor-María López-Ramos

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Parental Influence ◽

Emotional Adjustment ◽

Parental Acceptance ◽

Emotional Instability ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Maternal Rejection ◽

Middle Adolescence ◽

The Relationship

The present study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the parental acceptance–rejection perceived by adolescents and emotional instability from the early stages of adolescence. Special attention will be paid to potential differences between mothers and fathers. A total of 1181 students, aged 11–17, took part in the study. We used the factor of emotional instability in the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-NA) and an affect scale (EA-H) to measure parental acceptance–rejection. The analyses performed show a clear association between emotional instability with maternal/paternal criticism and rejection. Specifically, maternal criticism and rejection in early adolescence and paternal criticism and rejection in middle adolescence were associated with emotional instability, confirming the association between children’s and adolescents’ emotional adjustment and family dynamics. This study makes interesting contributions to understanding paternal and maternal rejection during the different stages of adolescence. These differences should be incorporated into the research on parental influence and its role in the development of personality among adolescents.

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Association Between Dating Violence and Behavioral and Health Outcomes Among Early Adolescents From Denmark: The Role of Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vv-d-18-00147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 690-711

Author(s):

Sidsel Karsberg ◽

Ruby Charak ◽

Ask Elklit

Keyword(s):

Child Maltreatment ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Adolescent Dating Violence ◽

Related Factors ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

AimTo examine the unique contribution of child maltreatment victimization on the association between adolescent dating violence (ADV) and four negative behavioral and health-related factors.MethodIn total, 2,934 7th grade students (M = 13.5, SD = .5) filled out questionnaires at school. Binominal logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of child maltreatment on the relationship between ADV and behavioral and health-related factors.ResultsAfter child maltreatment was taken into account, associations between ADV and the negative behavioral and health-related factors became weaker.ConclusionsThe findings from the present study suggest that focusing on one victimization type (such as ADV) when examining psychological outcomes, can be problematic as the causal relationship may be misrepresented when an adolescent's broader victimization profile and context is not considered.

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Family Support as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Loneliness and Suicide Risk in College Students

The Family Journal ◽

10.1177/1066480717711102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Edward C. Chang ◽

Olivia D. Chang ◽

Tamás Martos ◽

Viola Sallay ◽

Jerin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Support ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Relationship

In this study, we examined loneliness and family support as predictors of suicide risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicide ideation) in college students. The sample was comprised of 456 Hungarian college students. Results of conducting hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for sex and age, indicated that the inclusion of family support provided further incremental validity in predicting both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, beyond the variance accounted for by loneliness. Moreover, consistent with the notion that family support might buffer the negative effects of loneliness on suicide risk, evidence for a significant Loneliness × Family Support interaction effect in predicting both indices of suicide risk was found. Thus, beyond the role of loneliness in predicting suicide risk in college students, the present findings are the first to show how family support both additively and interactively represents a positive psychological resource that should be considered in understanding suicide risk among students.

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A Qualitative Study on the Perception of Fatherhood

European Journal of Educational Sciences ◽

10.19044/ejes.v8no2a42 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 42-59

Author(s):

Tanju Gurkan ◽

Azize Ummanel ◽

Nihan Koran

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Working Women ◽

Point Of View ◽

Role Perception ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

The changing structure of the society and the increase in the number of working women has been influential on the relationship between the child and the parent. Today, the woman, who is responsible for the nutrition and care of the child according to the traditional point of view, can perform these duties not on her own but with her husband and the basic needs of the child can be provided by the parents together. Therefore, the role of fatherhood has changed and fathers have become more involved in meeting the basic needs of the child. This study aims to explore how men perceive fatherhood and how mothers perceive their husband’s fatherhood. 15 fathers and 15 mothers were included in the study. Mothers and fathers were interviewed to collect the data and the data were examined under the main categories of “Fatherhood self-assessment” and “Fatherhood role perception.” The results provide insight into how fathers parenting children between the ages of 3 and 6, how they perceive their fatherhood and how mothers perceive their husband’s fatherhood. Furthermore, results were obtained about how parents define fatherhood and which roles they associate fatherhood with. In conclusion it was found that fathers have a traditional perception on fatherhood, and the results were discussed in this context. As it is one of the first studies on fatherhood conducted in the TRNC, this study has importance and similar studies are suggested to carried out.

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Fathers’ and mothers’ enjoyment of childcare: the role of multitasking

10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Zannella ◽

Alessandra De Rose

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Daily Diary ◽

Well Being ◽

Gender Perspective ◽

Mothers And Fathers ◽

Unique Measure ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Using data from the latest edition of the Italian Time Use Survey (ITUS, 2013–2014), we analyse 31,309 childcare episodes to investigate the relationship betweenmultitasking (i.e., the combination of childcare with housework tasks) and parents’enjoyment of the time they spent on childcare, with a gender perspective. To this end,we rely on information from the episode enjoyment scores the respondents used toevaluate the degree of (un)pleasantness associated with the different activities theyrecorded in a daily diary. These episode enjoyment scores are a novelty in the ITUS,and provide a unique measure of the respondents’ momentary assessments of theirsubjective well-being. Our results highlight the existence of a negative relationshipbetween multitasking and parental well-being when spending time on childcare forboth mothers and fathers, regardless of the nature of the childcare activity theywere performing (i.e., routine or recreational childcare). Our findings add to priorresearch by shedding new light on the role of multitasking as a relevant contextualcharacteristic of care that affects the well-being of fathers, as well as of mothers.

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