Perfectionism in Adolescence: Associations With Gender, Age, and Socioeconomic Status in a Norwegian Sample

Background: Perfectionism in adolescence has received increased attention, but few studies have examined this in non-clinical samples. This study investigated perfectionism among adolescents from the general population in relation to demographic factors.Methods: The present study is cross-sectional and draws on the epidemiological youth@hordaland study. The sample consisted of 10.217 adolescents aged 16–19 years (52.9% girls). Self-reported perfectionism was assessed by the EDI-P scale from the Eating Disorder Inventory with two dimensions of perfectionism, namely self-oriented (SOP) and socially prescribed (SPP) perfectionism, and a total score. Perfectionism was analyzed in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) by perceived economic well-being and parental education level. Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and regression analyses were performed.Results: There were few gender differences on the mean scores on perfectionism, with similar levels on the total score of EDI-P and SOP, while girls scored slightly higher on SPP (p < 0.001). The latter gender difference represented a small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.053). Chi-square analyses with perfectionism split at the 90th percentile across gender showed that there were significantly more girls than boys among the high scorers both for EDI-P, EDI-SOP, and EDI-SPP. There were no significant differences between levels of perfectionism between the three age groups. The logistic regression analyses adjusted by age and gender showed that adolescents with a better perceived economic well-being had increased odds of high perfectionism. This was evident for overall EDI-P (OR = 1.760, 95% CI = 1.493–2.076), SOP (OR = 1.543, 95% CI = 1.292–1.843), and SPP (OR = 1.836, 95% CI = 1.559–2.163). Parental education was not significantly associated with perfectionism scores among the adolescents.Conclusions: The levels of perfectionism were relatively similar between the genders in the present study, besides slightly higher SPP among girls than boys. There were also significantly more girls than boys among the high scorers on overall perfectionism, SOP, and SPP, respectively. High perfectionism was related to SES for perceived economic well-being, but not for parental education level. Implications for further research and clinical interventions were suggested.

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Waist circumference in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494818767790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽

pp. 12-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Per Morten Fredriksen ◽

Angelica Skår ◽

Asgeir Mamen

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Parental Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Aims: With overweight and obesity increasing worldwide, it has become ever more important to monitor the development and distribution of adiposity in children. This study investigated how the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children 6–12 years old relate to earlier studies. Methods: In 2015, 2271 children (boys, n = 1150) were measured for height, weight, and WC. Parental education level was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Results: A significant increase in WC with age was revealed for both sexes ( p < .0001). Boys at 10 and 12 years had a larger WC than girls; otherwise no difference between sexes was found. The WHtR decreased with age for girls ( p < .0001); 14% of the sample displayed a WHtR ≥ 0.50. Comparison with earlier studies showed a higher WC and WHtR despite no change in weight and body mass index. Conclusion: WC and WHtR are recommended as tools for identifying central obesity in children. The results indicate increased WC in 6–12-year-old children compared with earlier findings.

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The Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education Level, Oral and Dental Health Practices, Dietary Habits and Anthropometric Measurements on Dental Health in 12-Year-Old School Children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-713036/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyan ASLAN CEYLAN ◽

YUSUF ASLAN ◽

AYSE OZFER OZCELİK

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Parental Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Dental Health ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Education Level ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Health Practices ◽

Parental Education Level

Abstract Background Dental caries is the most common progressive chronic disease in school-age children with an increasing prevalence as children grow up. This study aims to examine the effects of socioeconomic status, parental education level, oral and dental health practices, dietary habits and anthropometric measurements on dental health in 12-year-old schoolchildren. Methods The sample of the study consisted of 254 children (44.1% boys and 55.9% girls) in three schools, which were identified as low, moderate and high socioeconomic status. Results It was found that 70.9% of the children have dental caries on their permanent teeth. The frequency of seeing a dentist, the status of receiving oral and dental health education and the frequency of changing toothbrush vary according to the socioeconomic status. Oral and dental health indicators were determined to be affected by the frequency and duration of tooth brushing. It was found that dmft values of the children consuming molasses and table sugar are higher. There is a negative correlation between oral and dental health indicators and anthropometric measurements and parental education level. Conclusions Dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, oral and dental health practices, gender, and parental socioeconomic status and education level were shown to be effective on caries risk.

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Association between parental socioeconomic status and offspring overweight/obesity from the China Family Panel Studies: a longitudinal survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e045433

Author(s):

Suqin Ding ◽

Jingqi Chen ◽

Bin Dong ◽

Jie Hu

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Regression Model ◽

Household Income ◽

Parental Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Average Household Income ◽

Education Levels ◽

Parental Socioeconomic Status

ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of offspring overweight/obesity and the changes of the association that occur as children grow older.DesignWe used data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of the China Family Panel Studies of 2010 and its three follow-up waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016.ParticipantsA total of 6724 children aged 0–15 years old were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAverage household income and paternal and maternal education levels were used as SES indicators. Logistic regression model for panel data was used to examine the associations between SES indicators and child overweight/obesity. A restricted cubic spline linear regression model was used to estimate body mass index (BMI) trajectories with child growth across parental SES levels.ResultsCompared with the lowest education level (primary school or less), the ORs for fathers who had completed junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher were 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for mothers were 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.72) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), respectively. A negative association between parental education and offspring overweight/obesity was observed in the first 10 years but not in children 11–15 years old. BMI differences across parental education levels emerged from birth and widened before 6–7 years old, but decreased before adolescence. High average household income was related to a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity but not when parental education level was adjusted for.ConclusionHigh parental education levels were associated with a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity, especially before adolescence. Effective approaches need to be adopted in early childhood to reduce socioeconomic differences in overweight/obesity.

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Towards a dialect-neutral assessment instrument for the language skills of Afrikaans-speaking children: the role of socioeconomic status

Journal of Child Language ◽

10.1017/s0305000912000037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 415-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

FRENETTE SOUTHWOOD

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Parental Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Assessment Instrument ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Father Figures ◽

African Context ◽

Neutral Language

ABSTRACTThe aims of the study were to establish whether there is a correlation between the socioeconomic background of Afrikaans-speaking children and their performance on a dialect-neutral language test, and to ascertain whether the allowance the test currently makes for parental education level is sufficient. The Afrikaans version of the DiagnosticEvaluation ofLanguageVariation(Seymour, Roeper & de Villiers, 2005a) was administered to 231 Afrikaans-speaking children age 4 ; 0 to 9 ; 11 from various socioeconomic backgrounds. A positive correlation was found between the composite language scores as well as the scores for each of the language domains (syntax, pragmatics, semantics) and the primary female caregivers' highest level of education. Children with father figures present did not outperform those without. It appears that the original manner of accommodating parental education level in interpreting the children's language scores on the test is sufficient and need not be refined for the South African context.

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Institutional Favoritism, Income, and Political Trust: Evidence from Jordan

Comparative Politics ◽

10.5129/001041522x16331935725154 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ammar Shamaileh ◽

Yousra Chaábane

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Political Trust ◽

Well Being ◽

National Origin ◽

The Political ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Empirical Examination ◽

The Relationship ◽

Economic Well Being

What is the relationship between institutional favoritism, economic well-being, and political trust? Due to the role that East Bank tribes played in supporting the monarchy during the state’s formative years, Jordan has institutionalized a type of political discrimination that privileges East Bank Jordanians over Palestinian Jordanians. An empirical examination of the political institutions of the state reveals that such discrimination remains pervasive. It was subsequently theorized that institutional favoritism’s impact on political trust is conditional on income due to the greater salience of group identity among individuals with lower incomes. Regression analyses of survey data reveal a consistent negative correlation between political trust and income among East Bank Jordanians. There is little evidence of a substantively meaningful unconditional relationship between national origin and political trust.

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Understanding parent concerns about children’s diet, activity and weight status: an important step towards effective obesity prevention interventions

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009992096 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1221-1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Amy Slater ◽

Jane Bowen ◽

Nadia Corsini ◽

Claire Gardner ◽

Rebecca Golley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Weight Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Parental Education Level ◽

Parental Concerns ◽

Parental Characteristics ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Influence Of Food ◽

Parent Concerns

AbstractObjectiveTo identify parents’ concerns and attitudes towards children’s diets, activity habits and weight status.DesignComputer-assisted telephone interviewing administration of a 37-item survey. Data were weighted for parental education level. Descriptive results are presented, and comparisons are made by the age, gender and parental characteristics of the child.SettingOnline research panel of Australian parents.SubjectsA total of 1202 randomly selected parents of children aged 2–16 years, broadly representative of the Australian population.ResultsParents were concerned about their child’s education (reported by 35 % of respondents), child’s health and well-being (25 %), and violence, drugs and alcohol (20 %). Concern about nutrition was indicated by 14 % of respondents and concern about fitness/exercise was indicated by 3 % of the sample. Factors perceived as making a healthy diet difficult to achieve for their child were child resistance (89 %), the availability of healthy food (72 %), a busy lifestyle (67 %) and the influence of food advertising (63 %). Ninety-two per cent of parents thought that it was realistic for their child to be active for at least 1 h/d, with 75 % of parents feeling that it was realistic for their child to have less than 2 h recreational screen time per d. Despite this, common barriers to achieving the activity guidelines were lack of time, weather and keeping children occupied.ConclusionsInsights into parental concerns from the current study may be useful in guiding development of interventions to improve children’s nutrition and physical activity habits by framing messages in a way that are most likely to resonate with parents.

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Family Representations of Preschool Age Children Living in Families of Different Socio-Economic Status

Psychological Science and Education ◽

10.17759/pse.2016210409 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 83-101

Author(s):

A.A. Shvedovskaya ◽

T.Yu. Zagvozdkina

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Family Members ◽

Well Being ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Family Socioeconomic Status ◽

Her Family ◽

Financial Anxiety ◽

Economic Well Being ◽

Family Representation

A child’s family representation is one of the crucial factors of psychological and social development in older preschoolers. The article emphasizes that the relationships between a child’s family socioeconomic status (SES) and family representation are mediated. Family members’ perception and evaluation of their socioeconomic status are conditioned with subjective economic well- being. It influences family functioning which, in its turn, conditions particular characteristics of a child’s emotional experiences in family situation and his/her family representations. The analysis of relationships between subjective economic well-being of family members and a child’s family representations demonstrates the trend to increase in severity of poor well-being markers in case of increase of parental markers of financial stress, financial deprivation and financial anxiety. An empirical classification of family representation types in children from families with various SES is provided. It includes positive family representation “Favorable family”, family representation with some elements of disharmony “Unstable family”, representation of a distant family “Distant family”, conflict family representation “Conflict family”, negative family representation “Unfavorable family”.

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