scholarly journals Association between parental socioeconomic status and offspring overweight/obesity from the China Family Panel Studies: a longitudinal survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e045433
Author(s):  
Suqin Ding ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of offspring overweight/obesity and the changes of the association that occur as children grow older.DesignWe used data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of the China Family Panel Studies of 2010 and its three follow-up waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016.ParticipantsA total of 6724 children aged 0–15 years old were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAverage household income and paternal and maternal education levels were used as SES indicators. Logistic regression model for panel data was used to examine the associations between SES indicators and child overweight/obesity. A restricted cubic spline linear regression model was used to estimate body mass index (BMI) trajectories with child growth across parental SES levels.ResultsCompared with the lowest education level (primary school or less), the ORs for fathers who had completed junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher were 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for mothers were 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.72) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), respectively. A negative association between parental education and offspring overweight/obesity was observed in the first 10 years but not in children 11–15 years old. BMI differences across parental education levels emerged from birth and widened before 6–7 years old, but decreased before adolescence. High average household income was related to a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity but not when parental education level was adjusted for.ConclusionHigh parental education levels were associated with a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity, especially before adolescence. Effective approaches need to be adopted in early childhood to reduce socioeconomic differences in overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Maternal Education Level and Child's Anxiety on Dental Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jeffrey ◽  
Florence Meliawaty ◽  
Asih Rahaju
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Respiration Frequency ◽  
Education Levels

Dental extraction can cause anxiety in children, observed in vital signs changes. If occursexcessively, it can be regarded as an obstacle and may affect a child's behavior that can furtherdetermine the success of dental treatment. Anxiety that occurs in children can usually be influencedby various factors, including the level of parental education. This study aimed to observe maternaleducation level and anxiety in children receiving dental extraction treatments. This is a descriptivestudy, involving 60 subjects aged 7-12 that went for dental extraction at Rumah Sakit Gigi MulutPendidikan Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani (RSGMP UNJANI) Cimahi Juli-Desember 2016. Theparameters examined for measuring anxiety are body temperature, respiration frequency, and pulsebefore and after the procedure. This study found that 63.3% of mother of the subject had high schooleducation, 16.7% of junior high school, 8.3% S1, 6.7% D1/D3, and 5% SD. Increased bodytemperature was obtained in 36 subjects, increased respiration frequency in 46 subjects, andincreased pulse in 34 subjects. We concluded that the majority of maternal education levels in thisstudy are high school graduates and the anxiety parameters in the majority of subjects increase whenreceiving dental extraction procedure.Keywords: child's anxiety, dental extraction, mother education level

scholarly journals Association of Parental Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity with Development of Arterial Stiffness in Prepubertal Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8227
Author(s):  
Giulia Lona ◽  
Christoph Hauser ◽  
Svea Bade ◽  
Sabrina Köchli ◽  
Denis Infanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

The present study examined the prospective association of parental household income, education level, migration background, and physical activity (PA) behavior with the development of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in prepubertal children. A total of 223 children (initial age 6–8 years) were included in this prospective school-based cohort study from 2014 to 2018. Parental socioeconomic status, migration background, and PA behavior were assessed by the use of questionnaires at both times points. PWV was measured by an oscillometric device at follow-up (2018). No significant association of household income, education level, and parental migration background with PWV in children after four years was found. However, a high level of maternal PA was related to a lower childhood PWV at follow-up (mean (95% CI) 4.6 (4.54–4.66) m/s) compared to children of mothers with a low PA behavior (mean (95% CI) 4.7 (4.64–4.77) m/s) (p = 0.049). Children of mothers with a high PA level revealed a beneficial arterial stiffness after four years. Little evidence for an association of socioeconomic status and migration background with childhood arterial stiffness was found. Increased parental PA seems to support the development of childhood vascular health and should be considered in the generation of future primary prevention strategies of childhood cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042908
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Jialan Hong ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Qiulin Liu ◽  
Andi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

The Relationship Between the Secondary School Students' Depression States and Their Feelings of Guilt and Shame

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurten Sargin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Education Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAdolescence is believed to be a highly problematic period when depression is prevalent. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adolescents' depression states and their feelings of guilt and shame in respect to gender, age, school performance and parental education levels. The participants consisted of 187 teenagers; 88 (47.1%) girls and 99 (52.9%) boys. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), the Guilt and Shame Scale (GES, Şahin), and a personal information form developed by the researcher were used as instruments. The study found a relationship between guilt and shame, that levels of depression were higher in 17-year-olds, and also that levels of depression, guilt and shame were found to be higher in girls than in boys. There was also a negative relationship seen between increased guilt and shame, and a decrease in mothers' education level.

scholarly journals Association between depression and the combination of lower socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungmi Kim ◽  
Eun Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
National Health ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence supports the existence of a metabolic–mood syndrome. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is correlated with a higher prevalence of both depression and metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the nature of this association remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether the combination of MS and lower SES was associated with the prevalence of depression. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 24,102 adults (>19 years of age) who participated in the 2008–2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and for whom MS and depression data were available. MS was defined using the diagnostic criteria of the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Depression was assessed using a questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between depression and MS as well as SES (alone and in combination). Results: Overall, 622 of the 24,102 subjects (2.2%) met the criteria for depression. The prevalence of depression was associated with MS, a lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, an elevated triglyceride level, a lower education level, and a lower household income. Participants with MS and a low SES had a higher likelihood of depression than those without MS and a high SES (odds ratio [OR]=4.180 for low education level and OR=3.994 for low household income level). Conclusions: This study suggests that the combination of SES and MS may play an important role in depression, which has implications for healthcare policy and depression management.

scholarly journals Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise: Socioeconomic Status, Poor Health in Childhood, and Human Capital Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status ◽  
And Child Health

There are many possible pathways between parental education, income, and health, and between child health and education, but only some of them have been explored in the literature. This essay focuses on links between parental socioeconomic status (as measured by education, income, occupation, or in some cases area of residence) and child health, and between child health and adult education or income. Specifically, I ask two questions: What is the evidence regarding whether parental socioeconomic status affects child health? And, what is the evidence relating child health to future educational and labor market outcomes? I show that there is now strong evidence of both links, suggesting that health could play a role in the intergenerational transmission of economic status.

scholarly journals Waist circumference in 6–12-year-old children: The Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (21_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Morten Fredriksen ◽  
Angelica Skår ◽  
Asgeir Mamen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Aims: With overweight and obesity increasing worldwide, it has become ever more important to monitor the development and distribution of adiposity in children. This study investigated how the measurements of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in children 6–12 years old relate to earlier studies. Methods: In 2015, 2271 children (boys, n = 1150) were measured for height, weight, and WC. Parental education level was used as a measure of socioeconomic status. Results: A significant increase in WC with age was revealed for both sexes ( p < .0001). Boys at 10 and 12 years had a larger WC than girls; otherwise no difference between sexes was found. The WHtR decreased with age for girls ( p < .0001); 14% of the sample displayed a WHtR ≥ 0.50. Comparison with earlier studies showed a higher WC and WHtR despite no change in weight and body mass index. Conclusion: WC and WHtR are recommended as tools for identifying central obesity in children. The results indicate increased WC in 6–12-year-old children compared with earlier findings.

scholarly journals Implications of parental lifestyle changes and education level on adolescent offspring weight: a population based cohort study - The HUNT Study, Norway

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Naess ◽  
Erik R Sund ◽  
Turid Lingaas Holmen ◽  
Kirsti Kvaløy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveObesity tends to cluster in families reflecting both common genetics and shared lifestyle patterns within the family environment. The aim of this study was to examine whether parental lifestyle changes over time, exemplified by changes in weight and physical activity, could affect offspring weight in adolescents and if parental education level influenced the relationship.Design, setting and participantsThe population-based cohort study included 4424 parent-offspring participants from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Exposition was parental change in weight and physical activity over 11 years, and outcome was offspring weight measured in z-scores of body mass index (BMI) in mixed linear models.ResultsMaternal weight reduction by 2–6 kg was significantly associated with lower offspring BMI z-scores: −0.132 (95% CI −0.259 to −0.004) in the model adjusted for education. Parental weight change displayed similar effect patterns on offspring weight regardless of parents’ education level. Further, BMI was consistently lower in families of high education compared with low education in the fully adjusted models. In mothers, reduced physical activity level over time was associated with higher BMI z-scores in offspring: 0.159 (95% CI 0.030 to 0.288). Associations between physical activity change and adolescent BMI was not moderated by parental education levels.ConclusionLifestyle changes in mothers were associated with offspring BMI; reduced weight with lower—and reduced physical activity with higher BMI. Father’s lifestyle changes, however, did not significantly affect adolescent offspring’s weight. Overall, patterns of association between parental changes and offspring’s BMI were independent of parental education levels, though adolescents with parents with high education had lower weight in general.

Parental Education May Differentially Impact Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotype Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1068-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Krishna ◽  
Aziza Salako ◽  
Tatiana Fofanova ◽  
Richard Kellermayer
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Us Census ◽  
College Educated

Abstract Background The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (PIBDs: Crohn’s disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC]) is on the rise around the world. Yet, the critical risk factors for this rising incidence are not well understood. Demographic characteristics of PIBD may improve our understanding of their developmental origins and aid in prevention. Methods Four hundred eighty-eight consecutive PIBD patients diagnosed at Texas Children’s Hospital from 13 counties around Houston were studied. An annual incidence map was created by ZIP code of residence at diagnosis by using ArcGIS and the American Community Survey from the US Census Bureau. Correlation between demographic variables and PIBD incidence was examined. A model to explain incidence from different health factors was created in R. Results Hispanic children were more likely to be diagnosed with UC (P &lt; 0.01) and unclassified IBD (IBD-U) (P &lt; 0.03) compared with other races/ethnicities. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.35, P &lt; 0.0001) between median household income and PIBD incidence was observed (UC: r = 0.23, P &lt; 0.0001; CD: r = 0.22, P = 0.0004). ZIP codes with majority college-educated adults had a higher incidence of PIBD than ZIP codes with majority high school–educated adults (P &lt; 0.0001). Pediatric cases with CD were more common in ZIP codes where the majority of adults were college educated (P &lt; 0.0001). Pediatric cases with UC, however, were more common in ZIP codes where the majority of adults were high school educated (P = 0.0036). Conclusions Hispanic children more commonly present with UC and IBD-U in southern USA. Household income and/or adult education–related environmental/dietary differences may be important in the developmental origins of PIBD in large metro areas, such as Houston.

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS DOES NOT MODERATE THE FAMILIALITY OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES IN THE HAWAII FAMILY STUDY OF COGNITION

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRAIG T. NAGOSHI ◽  
RONALD C. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Familial Transmission ◽  
Japanese Ancestry ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

Data from 949 families of Caucasian and 400 families of Japanese ancestry who took part in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition were used to ascertain the associations of parental cognitive ability, parental education and paternal occupation with offspring cognitive ability. In particular, analyses were focused on testing the possible moderating effects of parental socioeconomic status on the familial transmission of cognitive abilities. Parental cognitive ability was substantially associated and parental education and paternal occupation only trivially associated with offspring performance. In contrast to the findings of Turkheimer et al. (2003), there was no evidence in these data that familiality for cognitive abilities was lower in the lower as opposed to upper levels of socioeconomic status. These results were consistent across measures, ethnicity and sex of offspring.

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