scholarly journals COVID-19 and Global Supply Chain Configuration: Economic and Emissions Impacts of Australia-China Trade Disruptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunpeng Shi ◽  
Tsun Se Cheong ◽  
Michael Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Production ◽  
Trade Embargo ◽  
Production Losses

Economic shocks from COVID-19, coupled with ongoing US-China tensions, have raised debates around supply chain (or global value chain) organisation, with China at the centre of the storm. However, quantitative studies that consider the global and economy-wide impacts of rerouting supply chains are limited. This study examines the economic and emissions impacts of reorganising supply chains, using Australia-China trade as an example. It augments the Hypothetical Extraction Method by replacing traditional Input-Output analysis with a Computable General Equilibrium analysis. The estimation results demonstrate that in both exports and imports, a trade embargo between Australia and China – despite being compensated for by alternative supply chains—will cause gross domestic production losses and emissions increases for both countries and the world overall. Moreover, even though all other economies gain from the markets left by China, many of them incur overall gross domestic production losses and emission increases. The finding that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and India may also suffer from an Australia-China trade embargo, despite a gain in trade volume, suggests that no country should add fuel to the fire. The results suggest that countries need to defend a rules-based trading regime and jointly address supply chain challenges.

Supply chain, geographical indicator and blockchain: provenance model for commodity

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohita Gangwar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theory Framework

PurposeMany commodity supply chains suffer from an unfair value distribution across the supply chain like “Coffee Paradox.” This study explores the coffee supply chain to determine how the country of origin–geographical indicator can be used as a method of fair distribution of value and provenance across the supply chain effectuated by the blockchain technology. By looking at an exemplar case study for India, this study provides insights into diverse research streams and practice.Design/methodology/approachBased on the case method, analyzing the implementation of blockchain in the coffee industry by a leading Indian software implementation of the logic, dynamics and forces for a provenance model has been devised. It further adopts a stakeholder cum institutional theory framework to understand the logical implementation of a blockchain project embedded in a territorial logic for a commodity supply chain.FindingsThis study specifically looks at coffee which is representative of a commodity supply chain. It also explores how the malaise of unfair value distribution gets addressed by bringing farmers and the consumers on a common platform facilitated by blockchain technology. This study contributes to the literature on blockchain, territory, commodity and supply chain. Using stakeholder cum institutional theory, this study helps to explore how the implementation is successful by different actors in the supply chain through collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a new stream of multi-disciplinary study at the interface of supply chain, technology, international trade and geography.Practical implicationsBlockchains are embedded in the supply chain, and supply chains are embedded in territories. This linkage is paramount and the ability to make these blockchain projects successful requires the deep study of the interaction of territory, technology and actors from the provenance angle. De-commodification of coffee can be actualized through blockchain.Social implicationsThe coffee paradox and skewed value distribution is also a social problem wherein the farmers do not get the right price of their produce and are exploited. This case also highlights how this social malaise can be addressed and rightful and equitable distribution of value happens across the value chain.Originality/valueThis linkage between territory, blockchain, commodity supply chain and institutions has not been discussed in the literature. Adopting the territorial design approach, this study is an attempt to stimulate inter-disciplinary conversations and thereby create a provenance framework for commodity and research questions for scholars from different disciplines and divergent disciplinary perspectives.

scholarly journals A Review of the Wood Pellet Value Chain, Modern Value/Supply Chain Management Approaches, and Value/Supply Chain Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Hughes ◽  
Chander Shahi ◽  
Reino Pulkki
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Management Approaches

We reviewed 153 peer-reviewed sources to provide identification of modern supply chain management techniques and exploration of supply chain modeling, to offer decision support to managers. Ultimately, the review is intended to assist member-companies of supply chains, mainly producers, improve their current management approaches, by directing them to studies that may be suitable for direct application to their supply chains and value chains for improved efficiency and profitability. We found that information on supply chain management and modeling techniques in general is available. However, few Canadian-based published studies exist regarding a demand-driven modeling approach to value/supply chain management for wood pellet production. Only three papers were found specifically on wood pellet value chain analysis. We propose that more studies should be carried out on the value chain of wood pellet manufacturing, as well as demand-driven management and modeling approaches with improved demand forecasting methods.

scholarly journals ‘It’s up to the market to decide’: Revealing and concealing power in the sustainable tea supply chain

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308275X2110386
Author(s):  
Matthew Archer ◽  
Hannah Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Rainforest Alliance ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives

In 2007, Unilever, the world’s largest tea company, announced plans to source its entire tea supply sustainably, beginning with the certification of its tea producers in East Africa to Rainforest Alliance standards. As a major buyer of Kenyan tea, Unilever’s decision pushed tea producers across Kenya to subscribe to Rainforest Alliance’s sustainable agriculture standard in order to maintain access to the global tea market; according to a 2018 report, over 85% of Kenya’s tea producers were Rainforest Alliance certified. Drawing on ethnographic material among supply chain actors across different sites along the sustainable tea value chain (from those designing and disseminating standards to tea traders to smallholder tea farmers), this article examines how these actors frequently attributed the power to determine the outcomes of certification to a faceless ‘market’. Deferring to ‘the market’, we observe, served primarily to mask the outsized power of lead firms (in particular Unilever) to determine conditions of tea production and trade. At the same time, ‘the market’ was also in some cases qualified by our interlocutors, allowing them implicitly (and at times explicitly) to reveal power and give it a face. Concealing and revealing power in this way, we suggest, can be seen as a mode of engagement among supply chain actors operating in ‘sustainable’ supply chains, like the Rainforest Alliance-certified Kenyan tea supply chain, in which the power of lead firms tends to be consolidated through market-driven sustainability initiatives. Such a mode of engagement mitigates exclusion from sustainable supply chains while maintaining space for critique.

scholarly journals Food supply chains and the antimicrobial resistance challenge: On the framing, accomplishments and limitations of corporate responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110152
Author(s):  
Alex Hughes ◽  
Emma Roe ◽  
Suzanne Hocknell
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Food System ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The Uk

This paper presents a critique of supply chain responses to a particular global wicked problem – antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It evaluates the understanding of AMR (and drug-resistant infections) as a food system challenge and critically explores how responsibility for addressing it is framed and implemented. We place the spotlight on the AMR strategies applied in UK retailers’ domestic poultry and pork supply chains. This provides a timely analysis of corporate engagement with AMR in light of the 2016 O’Neill report on Tackling Drug Resistant Infections Globally, which positioned supermarket chains, processors, and regulators as holding key responsibilities. Research included interviews with retailers, industry bodies, policy makers, farmers, processors, consultants and campaigners. We evaluate how strategy for tackling AMR in the food system is focused on antimicrobial stewardship, particularly targets for reducing antibiotic use in domestic food production. The global value chain notion of multipolar governance, where influence derives from multiple nodes both inside and outside the supply chain, is blended with more-than-human assemblage perspectives to capture the implementation of targets. This conceptual fusion grasps how supply chain responsibility and influence works through both a distributed group of stakeholders and the ecological complexity of the AMR challenge. The paper demonstrates in turn: how the targets for reducing antibiotic use in domestic meat production represent a particular and narrowly defined strategic focus; how those targets have been met through distributed agency in the UK supply chain; and the geographical and biological limitations of the targets in tackling AMR as a wicked problem.

Modern slavery and transparency in supply chains: the role of business

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-218
Author(s):  
Colleen Theron
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Voluntary Reporting ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
The Uk

This chapter explores how business is implicated by modern slavery, and the salient requirements of the UK Modern Slavery Act (MSA) transparency in supply chain provision, in the context of growing mandatory reporting requirements for business to report transparently on their supply chain impacts. It also examines how business has responded to the MSA. It concludes with some practical steps that business can take to address the risk of modern slavery in its supply chains. Among these are ensuring that top management is supportive of tackling modern slavery in the organisation and supply chains; understanding how these obligations fit within any wider mandatory or voluntary reporting undertaken by the business; putting policies in place; establishing robust due-diligence processes; mapping the supply and value chain of the business.

scholarly journals Consumer Panic Buying: Realizing Its Consequences and Repercussions on the Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4370
Author(s):  
Rithika Dulam ◽  
Kazuo Furuta ◽  
Taro Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Impact

Globalization has brought not only advantages but also risks into the supply chains. One lesser studied risk is the effect of consumer behavior in crises. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the most efficient and optimized supply chains are susceptible to consumer panic buying. There is a severe need to understand the multitude of scenarios that could manifest after a catastrophe due to the change in consumer behavior so that businesses can develop a mitigation plan. The authors have developed an agent-based model that can simulate the various outcomes of a crisis using a consumer panic buying model and a supply chain model. The model quantitatively evaluates the panic purchase intention of a consumer while assessing the impact of panic buying on the supply chain. This paper introduces the implementation of the model, focusing on output analysis of the various situational settings in disaster aftermath. Preliminary study has revealed that implementing quota policy or rationing uniformly is very effective while controlling media reports or panic buying consumers can reduce consumer demand significantly.

scholarly journals Disruptive Technologies for Achieving Supply Chain Resilience in COVID-19 Era: An Implementation Case Study of Satellite Imagery and Blockchain Technologies in Fish Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Sengupta ◽  
Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy ◽  
Roger Moser ◽  
Vijay Pereira ◽  
Devleena Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Blockchain Technology

AbstractIn supply chains where stakeholders belong to the economically disadvantaged segment and form an important part of the supply chain distribution, the complexities grow manifold. Fisheries in developing nations are one such sector where the complexity is not only due to the produce being perishable but also due to the livelihood dependence of others in the coastal regions that belong to the section of economically disadvantaged. This paper explains the contextual challenges of fish supply chain in a developing country and describes how integrating disruptive technologies can address those challenges. Through a positive deviance approach, we show how firms can help unorganized supply chains with economically disadvantaged suppliers by carefully redesigning the supply chain through the integration of satellite imagery and blockchain technology. With COVID-19 in the backdrop, we highlight how such technologies significantly improves the supply chain resilience and at the same time contributes to the income generating opportunities of poor fisherfolks in developing nations. Our study has important implications to both developing markets and food supply chain practitioners as this paper tackles issues such as perishability, demand-supply mismatch, unfair prices, and quality related data transparency in the entire value chain.

scholarly journals Addressing Sustainable Rural Development with Shared Value: A Peruvian Model from the Cacao Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8028
Author(s):  
Armando Borda ◽  
Oswaldo Morales ◽  
Hildy Teegen ◽  
Gareth H. Rees ◽  
Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Creating Shared Value

Here we present a model aimed at contributing to the literature around sustainable supply chains by examining a novel redesign initiative of the chocolate supply chain within the Peruvian cacao (cocoa) industry. Using the Creating Shared Value (CSV) framework, we apply the case study method in examining the Peruvian Cacao Alliance’s experience in redesigning both the stages and relationships within its supply of cacao to the world. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources and analyzed after coding from categories defined in the literature on CSV. The case demonstrates the opportunity to successfully participate in the supply chains of globally recognized, consumer-facing chocolate brands while simultaneously obtaining social, economic and environmental benefits for the rural communities that supply cacao. While addressing both social and business gains remains fairly important for supply chain members, there are several implementation challenges that need to be considered to achieve the goals of CSV strategies in a sustained way. By analyzing the experience of this particular cacao value chain, we are able to offer practical insight on how to more effectively implement the creating shared value approach, thereby illuminating that it is possible for value generated through such supply chains to be more equitably shared. As such, we provide a valuable initial step in better understanding how the CSV concept applies in practice by identifying its boundary conditions for achieving improved cacao supply chain practices and relationships.

scholarly journals Value Chain Analysis of Exportable Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) from Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Md Saikul Islam ◽  
A N Faruq ◽  
M M H Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Shahjahan ◽  
K Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Cost

A survey was conducted to assess the export supply and value chain analyses of okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L.) in Bangladesh. The survey was consisted of primary and secondary data from semi-structured interview of key persons involved in the supply chains of export market of okra and from the review of relevant reports and literature. Primary data were collected from 40 middlemen (from Ulokhola-10, Kawranbazar-7, Shambazar-8, Jatrabaribazar-5, Chandina-10), 5 service providers and 20 okra exporters of Dhaka city. It was found that the supply chain was fragmented and complex. The middlemen predominantly controlled the supply chains. Post-harvest management was poor, resulting low quality of the produce and low prices in the export market. The supply chain indicated that, the growers consumed 7.8% of their own product while 92.2% was sold out. About 28% farmers sold their okra at the field/farm-gates and 72% was sold in the local markets.   The value chain analyses (VCA) revealed that, the net profit margin was 15.77 Tk/kg for both the UK and the Middle East markets whereas the net profit was 5.86 Tk/kg in local markets. The cost of airfreight was highest (63.97%) of all costs followed by the production cost of okra (16.85%) and the cost of packing (13.40%).The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 133-139

Evaluation of supply chain coordination index in context to Industry 4.0 environment

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Mahesh Chand
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Today, most of the manufacturing systems are changing very fast in terms of the adoption of new technologies. New technologies being implemented are Internet of Things, cyber physical systems, cloud computing, Big Data analytics and information and communication technologies. Most of the organizations in the value chain are implementing these technologies at the individual level rather than across the whole supply chain. It makes the supply chain less coordinated and causes suboptimal utilization of resources. For efficient and optimal use of modern technologies, supply chains should be highly coordinated. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate an approach for determining the index to quantify coordination in the supply chain. Design/methodology/approach From the literature review, total 32 factors have been identified. These factors are further clubbed into six clusters for evaluation of the coordination index. The graph theoretic approach has been used for evaluating the coordination index of a supply chain of an Indian organization. Findings This study has illustrated a comprehensive approach to quantify coordination of a supply chains for effective benchmarking of the supply chain performance in the Industry 4.0 era. Presently, it is observed that top management is giving more focus on organizational issues such as lean organization structure, organization culture and responsiveness factors for improving coordination in the supply chain rather than on Industry 4.0 technologies. Originality/value This framework can also be used for comparison, ranking and analysis of coordination issues in different supply chains in the era of Industry 4.0. Organizations can use this approach for benchmarking purpose also to improve different supply chain processes for meeting dynamic market requirements.

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