scholarly journals Spatial Analysis and Comparison of the Economic Burden of Common Diseases: An Investigation of 5.7 Million Rural Elderly Inpatients in Southeast China, 2010–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuwei Tang ◽  
Xiaoxu Xie ◽  
Zhixiang Rao ◽  
Zhenquan Zheng ◽  
Chanchan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Age Related

Background: As China embraced an aging society, the burden of age-related diseases had increased dramatically. Knowledge about spatial distribution characteristics of disease burden and the influencing factors of medical expenditure is of great significance to the formulation of health policies. However, related research in rural China is still insufficient.Methods: A total of 5,744,717 records of hospitalized rural elderly in southeast China were collected from 2010 to 2016. We described the temporal trends of hospitalization medical expenditure and the prevalence of catastrophic health expenses (CHE) in the rural elderly by common diseases. Then, geographical information tools were used for visualization of geographic distribution patterns of CHE, the ordinary least squares methods (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were employed to examine the influencing factors of medical expenditure.Results: The number of CHE hospitalizations and the total number of hospitalizations for the rural elderly people increased by 2.1 times and 2.2 times, respectively, from 2010 to 2016. Counties with a high prevalence of CHE were clustered in the eastern coastal area (Moran's I = 0.620, P < 0.001, General G < 0.001, P < 0.001). Unspecified transport accidents, cardiovascular disease, and essential hypertension were the top causes of CHE in the rural elderly. Adequate hospital beds (P < 0.05) and reasonable utilization and distribution of town-level (P < 0.001) and county-level hospitals (P < 0.001) may help reduce medical expenditures.Conclusions: In the context of an aging society, the disease burden for the elderly in rural areas should arouse more attention. These findings highlight the importance of age-related disease prevention and the rational allocation of medical resources in rural areas.

scholarly journals Comparison of Depressive Symptoms and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3886
Author(s):  
Haixia Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Huanyuan Luo ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Chi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Depression amongst the elderly population is a worldwide public health problem, especially in China. Affected by the urban–rural dual structure, depressive symptoms of the elderly in urban and rural areas are significantly different. In order to compare depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among the elderly in urban and rural areas, we used the data from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 7690 participants at age 60 or older were included in this study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence estimate of depression between urban and rural elderly (χ2 = 10.9.76, p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression among rural elderly was significantly higher than that of urban elderly (OR-unadjusted = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.12). After adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, minorities, religious belief, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities and having income or not, the prevalence of depression in rural elderly is 1.52 times (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.76) than that of urban elderly. Gender, education level, self-reported health, duration of sleep, chronic diseases were associated with depression in both urban and rural areas. In addition, social activities were connected with depression in urban areas, while minorities, marital status and having income or not were influencing factors of depression among the rural elderly. The interaction analysis showed that the interaction between marital status, social activities and urban and rural sources was statistically significant (divorced: coefficient was 1.567, p < 0.05; social activities: coefficient was 0.340, p < 0.05), while gender, education level, minorities, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities having income or not and urban and rural sources have no interaction (p > 0.05). Thus, it is necessary to propose targeted and precise intervention strategies to prevent depression after accurately identifying the factors’ effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Depressive Symptoms and its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas: Based on a Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Fan ◽  
Huanyuan Luo ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Chi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background: The imbalance between urban and rural areas leads to heterogeneous loci of depression in urban and rural elderly and affects the depressive symptoms of elderly by changing the social environment. Depression amongst the elderly population is a worldwide public health problem, especially in China. Affected by the urban-rural dual structure, depressive symptoms of the elderly in urban and rural areas are different.Methods: Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018y, 7690 elderly people aged ≥ 60 years were included in the final analysis. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) were used to measure the depressive symptoms, and the generalized linear model (GLM) and binary logistic regression were employed to assess the association between urban and rural source and depression.Results: Depressive symptoms of the elderly in urban and rural areas were significantly different (P<0.001). GLM showed that the risk of depression in the rural elderly is 1.52 times (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.76) that of the urban elderly. The result of logistic regression showed that the influencing factors of depression in urban and rural areas were different. Gender, education level, life satisfaction, chronic disease and social activities were influencing factors of depression among the urban elderly. But for the rural elderly, influencing factors of depression were gender, education level, minorities, self-reported health status, life satisfaction, sleep duration (≤5h), chronic disease, social activities and income (except for pension). Conclusions: The results of our study indicated that targeted and precise intervention strategies to prevent depression should be proposed for the urban and rural elderly respectively.

scholarly journals Considerations for a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Targeting an Elderly Population

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Laura M. Stephens ◽  
Steven M. Varga
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is most commonly associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children. However, RSV also causes a high disease burden in the elderly that is often under recognized. Adults >65 years of age account for an estimated 80,000 RSV-associated hospitalizations and 14,000 deaths in the United States annually. RSV infection in aged individuals can result in more severe disease symptoms including pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Given the large disease burden caused by RSV in the aged, this population remains an important target for vaccine development. Aging results in lowered immune responsiveness characterized by impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity. This immune senescence poses a challenge when developing a vaccine targeting elderly individuals. An RSV vaccine tailored towards an elderly population will need to maximize the immune response elicited in order to overcome age-related defects in the immune system. In this article, we review the hurdles that must be overcome to successfully develop an RSV vaccine for use in the elderly, and discuss the vaccine candidates currently being tested in this highly susceptible population.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors of Commercial Energy Consumption Intention of Rural Residents: Evidence from Rural Chengdu

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Aichun Jiang ◽  
Qian Zhong ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yibin Ao ◽  
Chuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural Construction ◽  
Commercial Energy ◽  
New Rural Construction

With rapid rural urbanization and new rural construction, the commercial energy consumption of rural residents shows a trend of rapid growth, and China’s rural areas are also faced with environmental challenges brought by the increase of commercial energy consumption. China’s commercial energy consumption behavior of rural residents has also undergone tremendous changes. However, scholars have neglected the research on rural residents’ commercial energy consumption intention from a micro perspective. Therefore, this study takes the 5 villages in Chengdu out of the 100 representative villages in the Sichuan province as examples. From the perspective of the head of a family of permanent rural residents, extended planned behavior theory, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling are used to explore the influencing factors of rural resident commercial energy consumption intention and their relationship. Findings show that subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and habit significantly affect residents’ behavioral intention. Habits significantly influence subjective norms and PBC. Therefore, in the new rural construction, rural residents are the main body and participants of energy consumption. Local government departments should plan reasonably according to the needs and characteristics of residents, constantly improve commercial energy infrastructure, improve service level, and further strengthen farmers’ attitude and satisfaction toward commercial energy. Moreover, they should increase the publicity and education of commercial energy, advocate green housing, and promote energy saving consumption reduction, and sustainable development in new rural areas.

Spatial Clusters of Diabetes and Physical Inactivity: Do Neighborhood Characteristics in High and Low Clusters Differ?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-621
Author(s):  
Joanna Sara Valson ◽  
V. Raman Kutty ◽  
Biju Soman ◽  
V. T. Jissa
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study aims to find spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity among a sample population in Kerala, India, and evaluate built environment characteristics within the high and low spatial clusters. Spatial clusters with a higher and lower likelihood of diabetes and physical inactivity were identified using spatial scan statistic at various radii. Built environment characteristics were captured at panchayat level and 1600 m buffer around participant location using Geographical Information Systems. Comparison of sociodemographic and built environment factors was carried out for participants within high and low spatial clusters using t tests. Ten high and 8 low spatial clusters of diabetes and 17 high and 23 low spatial clusters of physical inactivity were identified in urban and rural areas of Kerala. Significant differences in built environment characteristics were consistent for low spatial clusters of diabetes and physical inactivity in the urban scenario. Built environment characteristics were found to be relevant in both urban and rural areas of Kerala. There is an urgent call to explore spatial clustering of non-communicable diseases in Kerala and undo the one-size-fits-all approach for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Improving Sanitary Latrines in Rural Areas Correlated to Decreasing the Related Disease Burden — China, 2006−2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 873-876
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
◽  
Wei Yao ◽  
Hongxing Li ◽  
Dongshan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Related Disease

scholarly journals Exploratory study of factors associated with human brucellosis in mainland China based on time-series-cross-section data from 2005 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Lin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Xingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Control Effect

AbstractObjectiveMany studies focused on reasons behind the increasing incidence and the spread of human brucellosis in mainland China, yet most of them lacked comprehensive consideration with quantitative evidence. Hence, this study aimed to further investigate the epidemic mechanism and associated factors of human brucellosis in China so as to provide suggestions on more effective countermeasures.MethodsData of human brucellosis incidence and some associated factors in economy, animal husbandry, transportation and health were collected at provincial level from 2005-2016. Time series plot and cluster analysis were first used to visualize incidence levels and categorize provinces based on their incidence level and epidemic trend of human brucellosis. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of data, the dynamic panel data model in combination with supervised principal component analysis was proposed to explore the effects of associated factors on human brucellosis.Results① The incidence rate of human brucellosis has increased threefold (from 1.41 in 2005 to 4.22 in 2016) in mainland China. Incidence rates in the north have always been higher than those in the south, but the latter also experienced an upward trend especially in the recent five years. ② The 31 provinces of mainland China were categorized into three clusters, and each cluster had its own characteristics of incidence level and epidemic trend. ③ Public health expenditure and rural medical expenditure proportion were potential protective factors of human brucellosis, with attribute risks of −0.74 and −1.04 respectively. Other factors (such as amount of sheep, total length of highways, etc.) exhibited relatively trivial effects.ConclusionsThe epidemic status of human brucellosis has changed in both spatial and temporal dimensions in recent years. Apart from those traditional control measures, more attention should be paid to the improvement of medical healthcare especially in rural areas in order to strengthen the control effect.

The Evaluation of the Awareness, Attitude and Practice of the Elderly Toward Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (08) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mansureh Borujeni ◽  
Mansour Ghafourifard ◽  
Rahim Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of various diseases in the elderly has increased the use of drugs, which is coupled with age-related physiological changes and places the elderly at risk for multiple side effects. The present study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes and practices of elderly towards self-medication. Materials and Methods The sample included 300 participants over 60 years under any of the health centers in urban and rural areas of Abadeh city, who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaire including demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of the elderly and the checklist of drug intractable consumption. Results Based on the results, 76% of the elderly reported drug consumption. Regarding lifestyle, the average score of the elderly’s awareness for the elderly who lived with and without families were 78.6±14.2 and 69.2±13.6, respectively. In other words, a significant difference was observed between these two groups. In addition, there was a significant between the elderly’s performance score with and without family members about the self-medication (p=0.001). Conclusion Considering the increase in self-medication among the elderly, adherence to prescription criteria for drug among this age group is recommended. Finally, designing and implementing various educational programs in health education center is necessary for the elderly and their families for the purpose of improving awareness and practice.

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