scholarly journals Polymorphisms in the HTR2A and HTR3A Genes Contribute to Pain in TMD Myalgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Louca Jounger ◽  
Nikolaos Christidis ◽  
Britt Hedenberg-Magnusson ◽  
Thomas List ◽  
Peter Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Jaw Function

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to monoaminergic neurotransmission, in particular the serotonergic pathway, contribute to pain perception in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) myalgia and if there is a correlation to jaw function as well as psychosocial factors such as stress, anxiety and depression.Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventeen individuals with TMD myalgia were included. A venous blood or saliva sample was taken for genetic analyses and genotyped regarding HTR2A (rs9316233) HTR3A (rs1062613), HTR3B (rs1176744), SERT (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (rs4680). A clinical examination according to Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) was performed and axis II data (psychosocial factors) were compared between participants with different genotypes for each gene using Kruskall–Wallis test. The characteristic pain intensity (CPI) was tested for correlations to scores for the Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Patient Health Questionnaires using Spearman's rank correlation test with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. To further explore data factor analysis was performed to identify latent factors associated to the outcome variables.Results: Participants carrying at least one copy of the rare allele of the HTR2A (rs9316233) and HTR3A (rs1062613) had higher CPI compared with the participants with the homozygous common genotype (P = 0.042 and P = 0.024, respectively). Correlation analyses showed several significant positive correlations between CPI on one hand, and self-reported psychosocial distress and jaw function on the other hand for several genotypes that mostly were weak to moderate. The factor analysis identified two latent variables. One was positively correlated to the HTR3B gene, jaw function and self-reported parafunctions, and the other was positively correlated to psychological distress and negatively correlated to SERT.Conclusion: Taken together, the polymorphism rs1062613 in the HTR3A gene contributes to pain intensity in TMD myalgia. This together with positive interactions between pain variables and psychological factors in genotypes strengthens that pain and psychological distress are related. Further research is needed to explore this as well as the influence of gene-to-gene interactions on pain and psychological distress.

scholarly journals Orofacial pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is associated with stress as well as psychosocial and functional limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dimitrijevic Carlsson ◽  
Kerstin Wahlund ◽  
Erik Kindgren ◽  
Thomas Skogh ◽  
Carin Starkhammar Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Jaw Function

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate relations between psychosocial factors, signs and symptoms of orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Forty-five patients with JIA (median age 12 years) and 16 healthy matched controls (median age 13 years) were examined according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). The subjects answered the DC/TMD questionnaires regarding psychosocial factors (pain intensity, pain–related disability, depression, stress, catastrophizing, pain locations and jaw function). Results JIA patients with orofacial pain had higher degree of stress, depression, catastrophizing and jaw dysfunction compared to subjects without. In turn, these factors were associated with orofacial pain intensity. Also, patients with orofacial pain had higher systemic inflammatory activity. Conclusions Orofacial pain in patients with JIA is associated with stress, psychological distress, jaw dysfunction and loss of daily living activities. Pain intensity seems to be the major pain aspect related to these factors. In addition, systemic inflammatory activity appears to be an important factor contributing to orofacial pain in JIA.

scholarly journals Principal Components Analysis Utility in the Livestock Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Ancuta Simona Rotaru ◽  
Ioana Pop ◽  
Anamaria Vatca ◽  
Luisa Andronie
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Components Analysis

Principal Component Analysis is a method factor - factor analysis - and is used to reduce data complexity by replacingmassive data sets by smaller sets. It is also used to highlight the way in which the variables are correlated with eachother and to determining the (less)latent variableswhich are behind the (more)measured variables. These latent variables are called factors, hence the name of the methodi.e. factor analysis. Our paper shows the applicability of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in livestock area of study by carrying out a researchon some physiological characteristics in the case of tencow breeds.By using PCA only two factors have been preserved, concentrating over 80% of their information from the four variables in question, one factor concentrating weight and height and the other factor concentrating trunk circumference and weight at calving, respectively.

Probability-Based and Measurement-Related Hypotheses With Full Restriction for Investigations by Means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Methodology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Repeated Measures Data ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Performance

Probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses for confirmatory factor analysis of repeated-measures data are investigated. Such hypotheses comprise precise assumptions concerning the relationships among the true components associated with the levels of the design or the items of the measure. Measurement-related hypotheses concentrate on the assumed processes, as, for example, transformation and memory processes, and represent treatment-dependent differences in processing. In contrast, probability-based hypotheses provide the opportunity to consider probabilities as outcome predictions that summarize the effects of various influences. The prediction of performance guided by inexact cues serves as an example. In the empirical part of this paper probability-based and measurement-related hypotheses are applied to working-memory data. Latent variables according to both hypotheses contribute to a good model fit. The best model fit is achieved for the model including latent variables that represented serial cognitive processing and performance according to inexact cues in combination with a latent variable for subsidiary processes.

scholarly journals Perceived discrimination and psychological distress among immigrants to Canada: The mediating role of bicultural identity orientations

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022199008
Author(s):  
Mustafa Firat ◽  
Kimberly A. Noels
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Bicultural identity orientations have rarely been examined in relation to both perceived discrimination and psychological distress. Furthermore, these constructs have usually been studied in isolation, but their intersection is essential for understanding intercultural relations in multicultural societies. Using cross-sectional data from 1,143 Canadian undergraduate students from immigrant families, this study explored the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, and how bicultural identity orientations might mediate this relationship. The structural equation modeling results indicated that perceived discrimination was associated with higher levels of psychological distress and hybrid, monocultural, alternating, and conflicted orientations, but lower levels of complementary orientation. Alternating and conflicted orientations were related to higher psychological distress, whereas the other orientations were not. Alternating and conflicted orientations mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress, whereas the other orientations did not. The findings are discussed in light of theories on identity integration, rejection–identification, and acculturation.

scholarly journals The development of a contextually appropriate measure of psychological distress in Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Horn ◽  
Kanykey Jailobaeva ◽  
Stella Arakelyan ◽  
Alastair Ager
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Background Studies of psychological distress in Sierra Leone have typically used measures which were developed for use in other contexts, and which often have not been adapted or validated for use in Sierra Leone. This has resulted in a lack of reliable information about the patterns of psychological distress within the population, which is a barrier to the development of effective and appropriate mental health services. The aim of the study was to develop a locally-appropriate measure of psychological distress for Sierra Leone. Methods The new measure consists of two instruments: the Sierra Leone Psychological Distress Scale (SLPDS) and a gendered measure of ability to carry out daily tasks—a Function scale—as an indication of the severity of distress. A three-phase mixed methods exploratory sequential study was conducted. Phase 1 was item generation and testing, leading to the development of a set of potential items for both instruments. Phase 2 was a small pilot study (N = 202) leading to the selection of the final set of items for both measures. Phase 3 was a validation phase where the SLPDS and the Function scale were administered with a larger sample of 904 respondents. Item analysis was used to assess the internal consistency of the scales, and Exploratory Factor Analysis to explore the properties of the SLPDS. Results Exploratory factor analysis using the principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation identified a three-factor structure for the 18-item SLPDS. Internal consistency for the SLPDS (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89) and three subscales was good (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.73). The internal reliability of the male and female versions of the Function scale was also found to be acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90 for the female scale and 0.79 for the male scale). Conclusions Together the SLPD and Function scales provide a locally-validated tool which will enable government bodies and local and international non-governmental organisations in Sierra Leone to assess mental health and psychosocial needs. This will support both effective service provision and the evaluation of initiatives designed to improve mental health and psychosocial wellbeing.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the factor structure of the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS) and the creation of the SAWS-15 as a short measure for personal wisdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Trilas M. Leeman ◽  
Bob G. Knight ◽  
Erich C. Fein ◽  
Sonya Winterbotham ◽  
Jeffrey Dean Webster
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Wisdom ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objectives: Although wisdom is a desirable life span developmental goal, researchers have often lacked brief and reliable construct measures. We examined whether an abbreviated set of items could be empirically derived from the popular 40-item five-factor Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). Design: Survey data from 709 respondents were randomly split into two and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Setting: The survey was conducted online in Australia. Participants: The total sample consisted of 709 participants (M age = 35.67 years; age range = 15–92 years) of whom 22% were male, and 78% female. Measurement: The study analyzed the 40-item SAWS. Results: Sample 1 showed the traditional five-factor structure for the 40-item SAWS did not fit the data. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on Sample 2 offered an alternative model based on a 15-item, five-factor solution with the latent variables Reminiscence/Reflection, Humor, Emotional Regulation, Experience, and Openness. This model, which replicates the factor structure of the original 40-item SAWS with a short form of 15 items, was then confirmed on Sample 1 using a CFA that produced acceptable fit and measurement invariance across age groups. Conclusions: We suggest the abbreviated SAWS-15 can be useful as a measure of individual differences in wisdom, and we highlight areas for future research.

The five‐factor personality model in applied settings

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Montag ◽  
Joseph Levin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Two studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are discussed.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Beliefs and Risk-Neutral Skewness

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Friesen ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Thomas S. Zorn
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Systematic Risk ◽  
Heterogeneous Beliefs ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skewness Factor ◽  
Risk Neutral ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis study tests whether belief differences affect the cross-sectional variation of risk-neutral skewness using data on firm-level stock options traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange from 2003 to 2006. We find that stocks with greater belief differences have more negative skews, even after controlling for systematic risk and other firm-level variables known to affect skewness. Factor analysis identifies latent variables linked to risk and belief differences. The belief factor explains more variation in the risk-neutral skewness than the risk-based factor. Our results suggest that belief differences may be one of the unexplained firm-specific components affecting skewness.

scholarly journals The association between pain diagram area, fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain catastrophising

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F Walker ◽  
Christine D Losco ◽  
Anthony Armson ◽  
Amanda Meyer ◽  
Norman J Stomski
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Fear Avoidance Beliefs ◽  
Pain Catastrophising ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sf 36

Abstract Background The development of clinical practice guidelines for managing spinal pain have been informed by a biopsychosocial framework which acknowledges that pain arises from a combination of psychosocial and biomechanical factors. There is an extensive body of evidence that has associated various psychosocial factors with an increased risk of experiencing persistent pain. Clinicians require instruments that are brief, easy to administer and score, and capable of validly identifying psychosocial factors. The pain diagram is potentially such an instrument. The aim of our study was to examine the association between pain diagram area and psychosocial factors. Methods 183 adults, aged 20–85, with spinal pain were recruited. We administered a demographic checklist; pain diagram; 11-point Numerical Rating Scale assessing pain intensity; Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS); MOS 36 Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36); and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Open source software, GIMP, was used to calculate the total pixilation area on each pain diagram. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between pain diagram area and the following variables: age; gender; pain intensity; PCS total score; FABQ-Work scale score; FABQ-Activity scale score; and SF-36 Mental Health scale score. Results There were no significant associations between pain diagram area and any of the clinical variables. Conclusion Our findings showed that that pain diagram area was not a valid measure to identify psychosocial factors. Several limitations constrained our results and further studies are warranted to establish if pain diagram area can be used assess psychosocial factors.

The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program (MBSR) Reduces Stress-Related Psychological Distress in Healthcare Professionals

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Martín-Asuero ◽  
Gloria García-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

This semi-experimental study examines how Mindfulness facilitates a distress reduction in a group of health professionals. The sample comprises 29 professionals seeking stress reduction who undertook an 8 weeks psico-educative intervention, involving 28 hours of class, based on a program called Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction or MBSR. Results show a 35% reduction of distress, from percentile 75 to 45, combined with a 30% reduction in rumination and a 20% decrease in negative affect. These benefits lasted during the 3 months of the follow up period. The correlation analysis indicates that the decrease in distress is significantly related to the other two variables. These results confirm the effectiveness of MBSR to decrease distress and its applicability in training programs for health professionals.

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