scholarly journals Coeliac Disease—What is it and How Can People Deal With it?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Osial ◽  
Agnieszka Pregowska
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

In recent years, you have likely heard that some people are eating gluten-free foods. Have you ever wondered why? Coeliac disease is one of the main reasons for this dietary choice. It affects people of all ages from all around the world. It is a genetic disorder that causes inflammation in the intestines and results in various symptoms that can be observed in other parts of the body. Unfortunately, people often ignore coeliac disease or treat it like a simple allergy. Some people may view gluten-free dietary choices as just a trend. Some food allergies can manifest like coeliac disease, but these have different causes. Coeliac disease should be taken seriously, because it may not only lead to life-threatening symptoms, but also have a chronic impact on health and quality of life.

scholarly journals The impact of symptoms on quality of life before and after diagnosis of coeliac disease: the results from a Polish population survey and comparison with the results from the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Majsiak ◽  
Magdalena Choina ◽  
Dominik Golicki ◽  
Alastair M. Gray ◽  
Bożena Cukrowska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Coeliac disease (CD) is characterised by diverse clinical symptoms, which may cause diagnostic problems and reduce the patients’ quality of life. A study conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) revealed that the mean time between the onset of coeliac symptoms and being diagnosed was above 13 years. This study aimed to analyse the diagnostic process of CD in Poland and evaluate the quality of life of patients before and after CD diagnosis. In addition, results were compared to the results of the original study conducted in the UK. Methods The study included 2500 members of the Polish Coeliac Society. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire containing questions on socio-demographic factors, clinical aspects and quality of life, using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Questionnaires received from 796 respondents were included in the final analysis. Results The most common symptoms reported by respondents were bloating (75%), abdominal pain (72%), chronic fatigue (63%) and anaemia (58%). Anaemia was the most persistent symptom, with mean duration prior to CD diagnosis of 9.2 years, whereas diarrhoea was observed for the shortest period (4.7 years). The mean duration of any symptom before CD diagnosis was 7.3 years, compared to 13.2 years in the UK. CD diagnosis and the introduction of a gluten-free diet substantially improved the quality of life in each of the five EQ-5D-5L health dimensions: pain and discomfort, anxiety and depression, usual activities, self-care and mobility (p < 0.001), the EQ-Index by 0.149 (SD 0.23) and the EQ-VAS by 30.4 (SD 28.3) points. Conclusions Duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis of CD in Poland, although shorter than in the UK, was long with an average of 7.3 years from first CD symptoms. Faster CD diagnosis after the onset of symptoms in Polish respondents may be related to a higher percentage of children in the Polish sample. Introduction of a gluten-free diet improves coeliac patients’ quality of life. These results suggest that doctors should be made more aware of CD and its symptoms across all age groups.

scholarly journals COMPULSORY LICENSING MECHANISM UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Aslan H Abashidze ◽  
Vladislav S Malichenko
Keyword(s):  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Compulsory Licensing ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Price Negotiations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Doha Declaration

The article highlights the main steps in the formation of compulsory licensing mechanism before the establishment of the World Trade Organization, and analyzes the main provisions of this mechanism implementation under the TRIPS Agreement and the Doha Declaration. Based on the analysis of examples from different regions of the world, the article determines the main advantages of using compulsory licensing with regard to expand of access to medicines, possible impact on quality of the medicinal products being produced and the investment attractiveness of the countries applying this mechanism are assessed. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main approaches to the implementation of compulsory licensing in order to determine the most effective strategy for using this mechanism in the Russian Federation in order to expand the availability of drug therapy for the treatment of life-threatening diseases. Based on the impact of compulsory licensing implementation, the author concludes that it does not correspond to the objectives of the Russian pharmaceutical industry development identified as a priority by Russian Government. Despite a possibility of using compulsory licensing under regulation of many countries, this mechanism is implemented rarely. A possibility of issuing a compulsory licensing is a strong argument in price negotiations with producers. According to the authors position, implementation of compulsory licensing has to be preceded by cost containment mechanism, primarily based on negotiations with producers.

Review on Mucormycosis: It is a life Threatening infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
S.D. Mankar ◽  
Waditake Poonam ◽  
Prajakta Jejurkar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Home Remedies ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment

Mucormycosis, often known as black fungus, is a fungal infection caused by the mucormycetes fungi. Zygomycetes is a class of fungi. Mucormycetes, the fungus that cause mucormycosis, are found all throughout the world, especially in soil and in decaying organic waste like leaves, compost piles, and animal dung. It is not contagious and cannot be passed from one person to another. Mucormycosis (also known as zygomycosis) is a dangerous but uncommon fungal infection caused by a fungus known as mucormycetes. Molds can be found all over the place. Mucormycosis is a fungal infection that primarily affects persons who have health issues or who use medications that reduce the body's capacity to resist infections and illness. Infections are most typically acquired when mould spores are inhaled or, less commonly, when spores enter the body through a cut in the skin. It takes place after COVID-19. Home remedies, such as consuming probiotics, and foods that promote immunity, can help to minimise mucormycosis. The main purpose of this review Related to Mucormycosis is to diminish the growth of Mucormycosis by taking Ayurvedic Treatment.

scholarly journals Hereditary angioedema: an update on causes, manifestations and treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J Longhurst ◽  
Konrad Bork
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Short And Long Term

Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling that affect the limbs, face, intestinal tract and airway. Since laryngeal oedema can be life-threatening as a result of asphyxiation, correct diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is vital. Hereditary angioedema attacks are mediated by bradykinin, the production of which is regulated by C1-INH. Hereditary angioedema therapy relies on treatment of acute attacks, and short- and long-term prophylaxis. Acute treatment options include C1-INH concentrate, icatibant and ecallantide. Self-administration of treatment is recommended and is associated with increased quality of life of patients with hereditary angioedema. Advances in diagnosis and management have improved the outcomes and quality of life of patients with hereditary angioedema.

scholarly journals A Gluten Free Diet in the Management of Epilepsy in People with Coeliac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Zoë Gilbey ◽  
Justine Bold
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Eeg Pattern

The aim of this review was to assess the effects of a gluten free diet (GFD) in the management of epilepsy in people with coeliac disease (CD) or gluten sensitivity (GS). A systematic approach was used to undertake a literature review. Five electronic databases (PubMed; Scopus; Google Scholar; Cochrane Epilepsy Group specialised register; Cochrane Register of Controlled Trails (CENTRAL) via the Cochrane Register of Online Trials) were searched using predetermined relevant search terms. In total, 668 articles were identified. Duplicates were removed and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and a PRISMA flow chart was produced. Data was extracted using Covidence software. Twelve studies on Epilepsy and CD involving a total of 70 participants were selected for analysis; narrative synthesis was used owing to the small sample sizes in the selected studies. None of the 12 studies meeting inclusion criteria investigated gluten sensitivity and epilepsy. All the included studies support a link between epilepsy and CD. GFD was effective in 44 out of 70 participants across the studies in terms of a reduction of seizures, reduction of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) or normalisation of EEG pattern. A total of 44 participants showed a reduction in seizures (across eight studies) and complete cessation of seizures was reported in 22 participants. In general, the earlier the GFD is implemented after the onset of seizures, the better the likelihood of the GFD being successful in supporting control of seizures. Mechanisms linking gluten with epilepsy are not fully understood; possible hypotheses include gluten mediated toxicity, immune-induced cortical damage and malabsorption. Evidence suggests the effectiveness of a GFD in supporting the management of epilepsy in patients with CD, although the quality of evidence is low. There appears to be a growing number of neurologists who are prepared to advocate the use of a GFD. A multidisciplinary approaches and further research are recommended. It could be argued that when balancing potential treatments such as AEDs or surgery, a GFD has a low likelihood of harm.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation for children with coeliac disease who are on a gluten-free diet

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
V. A. Kur’yaninova ◽  
M. V. Stoyan ◽  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. Ya. Klimov ◽  
V. S. Kashnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Enteric Nutrition

Patients on a gluten-free diet are at risk of developing polyhypoavitaminosis and deficiency states, which requires the supplementation of their diet to prevent nutrient deficiencies. The aim of the study: to analyze the dynamics of anthropometric and laboratory parameters, components of the quality of life in children with coeliac disease on the background of a month-long course of administration of hypercaloric mixture for enteric nutrition. Materials and methods: 45 children with coeliac disease aged 2-10 years (mean age 6.3 ± 0.3 years) on a strict gluten-free diet for more than one year. All patients received additional enteric nutrition with a hypercaloric mixture in the volume of 200 ml/day (300 kcal/day) for 1 month as a supplement to the main food ration. Two groups of patients receiving the supplement in 2012-2013 and 2017-2018 were identified. Physical development was assessed under the WHO AnthroPlus programme. The quality of life indicators were assessed using the PedQL 4.0 questionnaire. Results: the total frequency of protein-сalorie deficiency (PCD) before the course of nutritional supplementation was 13 (28.9%) cases, while acute PCD was diagnosed in 6 (13.3%) and chronic PCD in 7 (15.6%) patients. Against the background of the course of nutritious supplementation in children with coeliac disease, there was a significant reduction in weight, height and BMI in both groups. Patients in 2012-2013 initially had a greater gap in weight and height compared to children in 2017-2018. There was an improvement in the sum of the quality of life indicators by 6.3% for children in the first group and by 4.3% for children in the second group against the background of nutritional supplementation. Conclusions: Enrichment of children’s diets with a hypercaloric blend of dietary fiber helps to accelerate the pace of physical development, reduce the number of children with diabetes mellitus, improve hemogram rates and most components of quality of life.

Quality of Life in People with Coeliac Disease: Psychological and Socio- Economic Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isabel Martínez-Martinez ◽  
Antoni Alegre-Martínez ◽  
Jessica García-Ibánez ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Physical Changes

Background and Objective: Coeliac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune intestinal disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten, a protein contained in certain cereals. The main physiopathological basis of CD is the progressive destruction of intestinal villi caused by gluten ingestion by genetically-susceptible individuals. Patients who receive a diagnosis of CD must make significant changes to their daily habits and this can affect their quality of life. The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding the economic, physical and social limitations which can affect the quality of life in patients with CD. Results: Different factors such as physical changes, psychological effects, interpersonal relationships, emotions and economic difficulties can affect the quality of life of these patients. Observations suggest that, in general, women with CD experience a greater deterioration in their quality of life than men. Lastly, complications in daily life are also associated with the reduced availability of gluten-free products which also usually cost more than standard products. </P><P> Conclusions: Continuous health education and care regarding socio-economic issues should be continuously developed and provided to people with CD.

Prevalence of endocrine pathology in childhood and adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
E. N. Nenashkina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The World

All over the world, the endocrine system diseases in children attract the attention of researchers of various specialties, since this pathology is characterized by the duration of the course and subsequent often developing complications that worsen the quality of life and the prognosis of the health status of children and adolescents. The prevalence and structure of endocrine pathology in childhood and adolescence differ significantly from those in adults. Due to the fact that children make up a significant share in the structure of medical care requests for osteopathy in medical institutions, osteopathic doctors need to know the basics of diagnosis and prevention of endocrine diseases in children and adolescents. The peculiarity of endocrine diseases with onset in childhood is the beginning of their development against the background of physiologically significant for the development of the body processes of growth and sexual development, which determines the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach to differential diagnosis between the endocrine pathology and the constitutional features of physical and sexual development of a healthy child.

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FITNESS CONCEPT AND THE AREA OF FITNESS IN LATVIA AND THE WORLD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Cuprika ◽  
Andra Fernate ◽  
Leonids Cupriks
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
Body Ideal ◽  
The Difference

Despite the great popularity of fitness around the world, it is still unclear what fitness is and how people understand it. The essence of fitness has gradually evolved from simple physical fitness to a cultural phenomenon. The second path of fitness development is from the physical health of a person reflected in a person’s readiness to do physical work to the desire to improve their own quality of life. That is why the aim of this study was to investigate in depth the essential characteristics of the fitness concept and the area of fitness. The study is based on 41 literature sources and scientific articles, 8 of which are in Russian and 33 – in English. The essence of the content of the fitness concept has been investigated and the hierarchy of concepts has been evaluated in different theoretical contexts, starting from the historical beginning of the fitness concept. Definitions were grouped in a broader and a narrower sense: 1) fitness as a set of attributes and abilities and 2) fitness as a way of life, lifestyle and quality of life. The essential categories of the fitness concept were compiled. The change of fitness area and its influence on the society was discussed. By summarizing the analysis of fitness definitions and evaluating fitness according to various theoretical aspects, it can be concluded that fitness is interpreted as sport competition fitness, as an implementation of a healthy way of life and as physical fitness or health-oriented physical fitness. Due to constant change and improvement of the body ideal sometimes it is complicated to participate in the process of improving health, also achieving it requires a lot of energy and time. People don’t understand where is the difference between healthy body and fitness body prepared for competition or commercial. Therefore the greater the beauty industry and fitness area becomes, the weaker becomes the human.  

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