scholarly journals Agro-Ecological Management of Coffee Pests in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine Venzon
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Herbivorous Species ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Coffee plants host several herbivorous species, but only few are considered pests. Brazil is the largest coffee producer of the world, and the two key coffee pests of the crop in the country are the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella and the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei. However, in some regions or on specific conditions, species of mites and scales can also cause damage to coffee plants. Conventional management of coffee pests relies on chemical pesticides, and it is the most commonly used strategy in Brazil, but environmental problems, pest resistance, and toxicity-related issues have led coffee growers to search for alternatives for pest control. Agro-ecological strategies suitable to coffee cultivation can be adopted by farmers, based on plant diversification, in order to provide resources for natural enemies, such as nectar, pollen, shelter, microclimate conditions, and oviposition sites, thereby promoting conservation biological control. Here I revise these strategies and report the results from research in Brazil. I include results on agroforestry, use of cover crops, and non-crop plant management. These are complemented by curative measures based on the use of organic farming-approved pesticides that can be employed when the agro-ecological practices are not yet consolidated. I also present the cultural control method used by several coffee producers in Brazil to decrease coffee berry borer damage.

scholarly journals Organic Farming Practices and Shade Trees Reduce Pest Infestations in Robusta Coffee Systems in Amazonia

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Kevin Piato ◽  
Cristian Subía ◽  
Jimmy Pico ◽  
Darío Calderón ◽  
Lindsey Norgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Inga Edulis ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Coffee Yield

Coffee agroforestry systems could reconcile agricultural and environmental objectives. While pests and diseases can reduce yield, their interactions with shade and nutrition have been rarely researched, and are particularly lacking in perennial systems. We hypothesized that intermediate shade levels could reduce coffee pests while excess shade could favor fungal diseases. We hypothesized that organic rather than mineral fertilization would better synchronize with nutrient uptake and higher nutrient inputs would be associated with reduced pest and disease damage due to higher plant vigor, yet effects would be less obvious in shaded plots as coffee growth would be light-limited. Using three-year-old trees of Coffea canephora var. Robusta (robusta coffee) in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we compared a full-sun system with four shading methods creating different shade levels: (1) Myroxylon balsamum; (2) Inga edulis; (3) Erythrina spp.; or, (4) Erythrina spp. plus Myroxylon balsamum. Conventional farming at either (1) moderate or (2) intensified input and organic farming at (3) low or (4) intensified input were compared in a split-plot design with shade as the main plot factor and farming practice as the sub-plot factor. The infestation of the following pests and disease incidences were evaluated monthly during the dry season: brown twig beetle (Xylosandrus morigerus), coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella), coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum spp.), thread blight (Pellicularia koleroga), and cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora coffeicola). Coffee berry borer and brown twig beetle infestation were both reduced by 7% in intensified organic treatments compared to intensified conventional treatments. Colonization of coffee berry borer holes in coffee berries by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was also assessed. Brown twig beetle infestation was significantly higher under full sun than under Inga edulis, yet no other shade effects were detected. We demonstrate for the first time how intensified input use might promote pest populations and thus ultimately lead to robusta coffee yield losses.

scholarly journals Parasitismo na população da broca-do-café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), pelo parasitoide Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Santos De Souza ◽  
Alexandre Almeida e Silva ◽  
César Augusto Domingues Teixeira ◽  
José Nilton Medeiros Costa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Cephalonomia Stephanoderis ◽  
America Latina

A broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) é responsável por grandes prejuízos em plantios de café, causando perdas de produtividade aos cafeicultores e danos quantitativos e qualitativos aos grãos. O controle biológico da praga tem sido principalmente à base de fungos entomopatogênicos. Em Rondônia, Brasil, as informações acerca dos parasitoides de H. hampei são escassas. O parasitoide Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem é um inimigo natural da broca do café e já é utilizado como agente de controle biológico em países da África e da América Latina. Constatou-se a presença desse parasitoide em cafezais de Rondônia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os níveis de ocorrência e parasitismo do parasitóide em uma plantação de café no município de Ouro Preto D’Oeste, Estado de Rondônia. Foram analisados semanalmente frutos de café coletados diretamente das plantas e caídos sobre o solo, de janeiro a dezembro de 2004. Observou-se a ocorrência do parasitoide durante os meses de maior infestação da praga. Durante o período estudado, a taxa de parasitismo nos diferentes microambientes variou de 2 a 24%. Parasitism in the Population of the Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) by the Parasitoid Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) Abstract. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) attacks coffee plantations, greatly decreasing the production of coffee plants, causing quantitative and qualitative damage to the grains. Biological control of this pest has focused mostly on entomopathogenic fungi. In the state of Rondonia, studies on parasitism levels of the parasitoids of H. hampei are scarce. The parasitoid Cephalonomia stephanoderis Betrem is a natural enemy of the coffee berry borer and is already used as an agent of biological control in countries of Africa and Latin America. The objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and parasitism levels of the parasitoid in a coffee plantation in the municipality of Ouro Preto D’Oeste, State of Rondonia. Coffee beans collected directly from the plants and on the ground were analyzed weekly from January to December 2004. Parasitoid occurred in months of the highest pest infestation. During the studied period, parasitism rate in different microenvironments ranged from 2 to 24%.

scholarly journals Consistency of attack level of coffee berry borer (Hypotenemus hampei Ferr.) on organic and conventional arabica coffee plantation in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012108
Author(s):  
H Husni ◽  
J Jauharlina ◽  
M Sayuthi ◽  
E Mulyadi ◽  
P Yulianda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Organic Coffee

Abstract A study has been conducted for 3 consecutive years since 2019 to 2021 to investigate the influence of cultivation system of Arabica coffee against the attack of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. We observed the attack level of H. hampei on Arabica coffee plants that were cultivated both organically and conventionally. The results showed that for three years observation, in general, the attack level of coffee berry borer (CBB) on organic and conventional coffee plantations was not significantly different. Observations in 2019 showed that the attack level of CBB on organic coffee plantations ranged from 27-34 % and on conventional coffee plantations ranging from 33-49 %. Observations in 2020 showed that the attack rate of CBB on organic and conventional coffee ranged from 20-40 % and 28-41%, respectively, while observations in 2021 were 25-26 % and 27-28 %. The results of these studies indicate that the level of CBB attack on organic coffee plantations is no different from conventional coffee plantations that routinely use synthetic pesticides. This indicates that in organic coffee plantations, natural enemies have played an important role in suppressing the development of CBB populations. Although the use of synthetic pesticides in conventional coffee plantations can suppress pest populations, it is suspected that these pesticides also play a role in reducing the population of natural enemies of pests. Therefore, organic coffee cultivation is much more profitable, especially it can reduce the cost of buying synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, besides ensuring the safety of coffee farmers, workers, and consumers from harmful chemical contamination from pesticides.

scholarly journals Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus Hampei Ferr.: Cultural Control and In Vitro Effects of Kernel Extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Manga Essouma François ◽  
Voula Valteri Audrey ◽  
Kone Nsangou Abdou Nourou ◽  
Mvondo Nganti Dorothée ◽  
Ambang Zachée
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Chlorpyrifos Ethyl

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, is one of the most important coffee berry borer pests in the world, reaching attack rates of 10-100% in Cameroon. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of crop control and the effects of aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana kernel powder and aqueous extracts, and oil of Azadirachta indica kernel powder against this insect. Crop control was firstly achieved by sanitary harvesting of bark beetle-infested berries and, secondly, by the installation of a network of home-made pheromone traps. The bark beetles were breeding in the laboratory and tests were also carried out on substitute foodstuffs such as maize and groundnuts. The efficacy of pesticidal plant extracts at four concentrations each was evaluated by direct applications of these on bark beetles and berries. The results showed that the reproduction rate of the borer was 11 times higher with coffee berries than with maize and groundnuts. After the direct treatment of the bark beetles, the aqueous extracts of T. peruviana showed a significantly average efficiency on the mortality of the bark beetles ranging from 0% to 94.9% of bark beetles killed. Oil extracts of A. indica and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (Pyriforce) were more effective against bark beetles with average mortality rates ranging from 78.7 to 100%. After direct treatment of the berries, oil and aqueous extracts of A. indica and chlorpyrifos-ethyl were the most effective treatments causing more than 50% mortality of the bark beetles. Oil of A. indica and aqueous extracts of T. peruviana can therefore be used in the same way as pyriforce in the protection of coffee plants against H. hampei.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Different Coffee Cultivars (Coffea sp.) against the Infestation of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Mariathas A. Dishan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Coffee Plants

One of the major constraints to coffee production throughout the world is the damage caused by the Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). The first report of the occurrence of CBB appears to be that of 1935 in Rathnapura District in Sri Lanka. It is now prevalent in all areas, at varying degree of damage to both Arabica and Robusta coffee. Damage on coffee berries bribes in heavy losses on economical production of coffee in developing countries, including Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to identify the infestation level of CBB in six selected coffee cultivars and to assess the CBB populations in coffee fields. Six selected coffee cultivars were, Catimour, S4711, HDT of Arabica species and IMY, CCI, BS5 of Robusta species. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, with six treatments and three blocks. Damage severity was recorded on fifty-four tagged coffee plants. Ten branches were selected from a coffee plant where each branch contained more than fifty berries. Data were collected on the same berry cluster, during three months at weekly intervals. Starting from zero damaged berries, the diameter of coffee berry was measured by using a Vernier calliper (0.1mm). Ninety coffee berries were randomly selected from each of Arabica and Robusta for measurements. The data were recorded continuously during the three months at weekly intervals. The results showed that there were significant CBB damage differences among the coffee cultivars. Among the selected cultivars BS5 was the least damage by CBB and HDT was the most susceptible cultivar and S4711 was also found to be susceptible but to a lesser extent. CBB populations were high in Arabica field than in Robusta field. When the diameter of the coffee berry increase, the level of infestation of CBB also increases.

scholarly journals SIKLUS HIDUP PENGGEREK BUAH KOPI (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) PADA PERBEDAAN PAKAN ALAMI BUAH KOPI DAN PAKAN BUATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Muhammad Erfan ◽  
Hari Purnomo ◽  
Nanang Tri Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Coffee Berry Borer ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Coffee Powder ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Test Insect

ABSTRACT Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) Is the main pest in coffee plants in Indonesia. Characteristics of coffee berries that are attacked by pests, there is a small hole in the coffee berry and powder around it. Control is carried out biologically, technically, and chemically. These control techniques need to be tested for effectiveness in the laboratory. The test requires the insect H. hampei as a test insect. H. hampei can be obtained by mass propagation. Mass propagation can be done using artificial diet. This study was conducted to determine the effect of artificial diet on the life cycle of H. hampei. This study uses descriptive methods on 2 types of feed treatment; natural diet of coffee berry and artificial diet made from wheat powder and coffee powder. The results showed that the number of eggs produced by H. hampei in natural diet treatment could range from 30 to 46 eggs and every 3 days observation could lay eggs from 0 to 22 eggs. The percentage of eggs that succeeded in being imago was 95.32% with a sex ratio of 1: 10. The duration of life of H. hampei ranged from 100 to 150 days, with a period of 5-6 days, larvae 18-19 days and pupae 4-5 days. In the artificial diet, the egg method is able to grow into a second instar larval stage with a life span of 19 days. Keywords: Life Cycle, Coffee Berry Borer, Natural Diet, Artificial Diet ABSTRAK Penggerek Buah Kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) merupakan hama utama padla tanaman kopi di Indonesia. Ciri – ciri buah kopi yang terserang hama ini, yaitu terdapat lubang kecil pada buah kopi dan serbuk disekitarnya. Pengendalian dapat dilakukan secara biologi, kultur teknis, dan kimiawi. Teknik – teknik pengendalian tersebut perlu diuji keefektifannya di laboratorium. Pengujian tersebut memerlukan serangga H. hampei sebagai serangga uji. Serangga H. hampei dapat diperoleh dengan perbanyakan secara massal. Perbanyakan massal dapt dilakukan dengan menggunakan pakan buatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pakan buatan terhadap siklus hidup serangga H. hampei. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif pada 2 macam perlakuan pakan; pakan alami buah kopi dan pakan buatan dari bahan dasar bubuk gandum dan bubuk kopi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah telur yang dihasilkan serangga H. hampei pada perlakuan pakan alami mampu berkisar 30 – 46 telur dan setiap 3 hari pengamatan dapat bertelur 0 – 22 telur. Persentase telur yang berhasil menjadi imago 95,32% dengan sex rasio 1 : 10. Lama hidup H. hampei berkisar 100 – 150 hari, dengan masa telur 5 – 6 hari, masa larva 18 – 19 hari dan masa pupa 4 – 5 hari. Pada pakan buatan yang menerapakan metode telur mampu tumbuh menjadi stadia larva instar 2 dengan masa hidup larva sampai 19 hari. Kata Kunci: Siklus Hidup, Penggerek Buah Kopi, Pakan Alami, Pakan Buatan

New Technologies to Combat Herbicide Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Rob Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Uk

Herbicide resistance in problem weeds is now a major threat to global food production, being particularly widespread in wild grasses affecting cereal crops. In the UK, black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) holds the title of number one agronomic problem in winter wheat, with the loss of production associated with herbicide resistance now estimated to cost the farming sector at least £0.5 billion p.a. Black-grass presents us with many of the characteristic traits of a problem weed; being highly competitive, genetically diverse and obligately out-crossing, with a growth habit that matches winter wheat. With the UK’s limited arable crop rotations and the reliance on the repeated use of a very limited range of selective herbicides we have been continuously performing a classic Darwinian selection for resistance traits in weeds that possess great genetic diversity and plasticity in their growth habits. The result has been inevitable; the steady rise of herbicide resistance across the UK, which now affects over 2.1 million hectares of some of our best arable land. Once the resistance genie is out of the bottle, it has proven difficult to prevent its establishment and spread. With the selective herbicide option being no longer effective, the options are to revert to cultural control; changing rotations and cover crops, manual rogueing of weeds, deep ploughing and chemical mulching with total herbicides such as glyphosate. While new precision weeding technologies are being developed, their cost and scalability in arable farming remains unproven. As an agricultural scientist who has spent a working lifetime researching selective weed control, we seem to be giving up on a technology that has been a foundation stone of the green revolution. For me it begs the question, are we really unable to use modern chemical and biological technology to counter resistance? I would argue the answer to that question is most patently no; solutions are around the corner if we choose to develop them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document