The Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Video vs. Classroom Teaching Method on Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma Among House Officers in University Hospital

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of self-instructional-video (SIV) and classroom training method (CTM) in learning Focus-Assessment with Sonography-in-Trauma (FAST) among house officers (HO).Method: A randomized controlled study involving house officers working in the university hospital in Malaysia was conducted where participants were randomized into SIV group (intervention) and CTM group (control). Each group had to undergo a 4 h hands-on training. The intervention group has undergone self-training using the video material without any facilitation while the control group received lecture and hands-on training with facilitators. Participants' performance was assessed using a validated Objective Structured Clinical Examination checklist for landmark identification and interpretation of images generated. Learning preference and confidence level were also assessed.Result: A total of 33 HO were enrolled in this study. Marks obtained in image acquisition by the intervention and control were 25.3 (SD = 5.3) and 25.6 (SD = 2.3) p > 0.05, respectively. While in image interpretation, the mean score for the intervention and control group was 10.3 (SD 1.7) and 9.8 (SD = 1.7) p > 0.05, respectively. Overall performance assessment, showed the intervention group obtained 35.6 (SD = 5.9) compared to control 35.3 (SD = 3.4), p > 0.05. Based on pre-specified determinant these scores difference falls within the 10% of non-inferiority margin. The absolute difference between both groups was 0.3 (CI = −3.75 to 3.21, p = 0.871), which proves non-inferiority but not superiority. In terms of learning preference and confidence to perform FAST, most of the participants preferred the control group approach.Conclusion: The SIV method is as effective as the CTM for learning FAST among the house officers and served as an alternative to classroom teaching. However, this technique needs improvement in promoting their confidence and preference. Perhaps incorporating a feedback session after going through the SIV would improve the confidence.

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Short term, high-dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease: a randomised, placebo-controlled, study (SHADE study)

Postgraduate Medical Journal ◽

10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139065 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. postgradmedj-2020-139065 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ashu Rastogi ◽

Anil Bhansali ◽

Niranjan Khare ◽

Vikas Suri ◽

Narayana Yaddanapudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Cholecalciferol Supplementation ◽

And Control

BackgroundVitamin D has an immunomodulatory role but the effect of therapeutic vitamin D supplementation in SARS-CoV-2 infection is not known.AimEffect of high dose, oral cholecalciferol supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance.DesignRandomised, placebo-controlled.ParticipantsAsymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D<20 ng/ml) individuals.InterventionParticipants were randomised to receive daily 60 000 IU of cholecalciferol (oral nano-liquid droplets) for 7 days with therapeutic target 25(OH)D>50 ng/ml (intervention group) or placebo (control group). Patients requiring invasive ventilation or with significant comorbidities were excluded. 25(OH)D levels were assessed at day 7, and cholecalciferol supplementation was continued for those with 25(OH)D <50 ng/ml in the intervention arm. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and inflammatory markers fibrinogen, D-dimer, procalcitonin and (CRP), ferritin were measured periodically.Outcome measureProportion of patients with SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative before day-21 and change in inflammatory markers.ResultsForty SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive individuals were randomised to intervention (n=16) or control (n=24) group. Baseline serum 25(OH)D was 8.6 (7.1 to 13.1) and 9.54 (8.1 to 12.5) ng/ml (p=0.730), in the intervention and control group, respectively. 10 out of 16 patients could achieve 25(OH)D>50 ng/ml by day-7 and another two by day-14 [day-14 25(OH)D levels 51.7 (48.9 to 59.5) ng/ml and 15.2 (12.7 to 19.5) ng/ml (p<0.001) in intervention and control group, respectively]. 10 (62.5%) participants in the intervention group and 5 (20.8%) participants in the control arm (p<0.018) became SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative. Fibrinogen levels significantly decreased with cholecalciferol supplementation (intergroup difference 0.70 ng/ml; P=0.007) unlike other inflammatory biomarkers.ConclusionGreater proportion of vitamin D-deficient individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection turned SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative with a significant decrease in fibrinogen on high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation.Trial register numberNCT04459247.

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The Effect of Humor Intervention Program on Positive and Negative Symptoms among Schizophrenic Patients

10.53350/pjmhs211572022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 2022-2028

Author(s):

Eman Asran Mohamed ◽

Enayat Abd El Wahab Khalil ◽

Zeinab Abd El Halim Osman ◽

Mona Rakhawy ◽

Naglaa Mostafa G

Keyword(s):

Intervention Program ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Intervention Group ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

And Control ◽

Positive And Negative Symptoms

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behavior. Humor could be used as an alternative to conventional treatment with the goal of helping patients with schizophrenia cope with symptoms, enhance recovery through its emotional, cognitive, social and physiological effects. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of humor intervention program on positive and negative symptoms among schizophrenic patients. Design: Randomized control trial (RCT) design was used. Sample: Purposive sample consisted of 40) schizophrenic patients, the study group (n= 20) and control group (n= 20). The patients were selected and allocated randomly into two groups, intervention group (received the humor interventions program) and control group (received traditional care). The study conducted in the Psychiatry and Addiction Prevention "El Kasr AlAini University Hospital and al Rakhawy Hospital for Mental Health. Tools: three tools were used for data collection were; the Socio Demographic Data Sheet, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS). Results: revealed that, there was a statistical significant difference between total score of PANSS between study and control groups post intervention. Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the importance of humor intervention program in reducing severity of symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Key words: schizophrenia, humor intervention, positive symptoms, negative symptoms

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Effectiveness of a virtual-reality anti-stigma application to reduce the stigma of depression: a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.28072 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wey Guan Lem ◽

Ayako Kohyama-Koganeya ◽

Toki Saito ◽

Hiroshi Oyama

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Medical Information ◽

Intervention Group ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Public Stigma ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

BACKGROUND Public stigma against depression contributes to low employment rates among individuals with depression and self-stigmatization of people with depression. Contact-based educational (CBE) interventions, either using in-person contact or video-based contact, have been shown to reduce stigma against mental illness effectively. In-person contacts can stimulate empathy in participants but are challenging to arrange, while video-based contact is cost-effective but encounters difficulty stimulating empathy towards the patient. In this paper, we examined the usefulness of the virtual-reality anti-stigma (VRAS) application to reduce public stigma. OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a VRAS application that could provide CBE intervention without using real patients. METHODS Sixteen medical students were recruited and randomized 1:1 to intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group (VRAS group) used the VRAS application, while those in the control group watched video material on depression. Participants' depression stigma score was assessed using the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) and Attitudinal Social Distance (ASD), both pre-and post-intervention. The feasibility of both the VRAS application and video, and the utility of the VRAS application was also evaluated post-intervention. RESULTS Feasibility score was significantly higher in the intervention group (mean 5.63, SD 0.74) than in the control group (mean 3.88, SD 1.73; P=.03). This result indicates that the VRAS application promoted an understanding of stigma in participants. However, no significant differences were apparent between the intervention and control groups for DSS (intervention: mean 35.13, SD 5.30; control: mean 35.38, SD 4.50; P=.92) or ASD (intervention: mean 12.25, SD 3.33; control: mean 11.25, SD 1.91; P=.92). Stigma scores tended to decrease, but the stigma-reducing effects of the VRAS application were not statistically significant for either DSS (pre: mean 33.00, SD 4.44; post: mean 35.13, SD 5.30; P=.12) or ASD (pre: mean 13.25, SD 3.92; post: mean 12.25, SD 3.33; P=.12). CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in mean DSS or ASD were seen between VRAS and control groups. However, one item in the feasibility score showed a significant difference, and feedback comments suggested that VRAS was effective in educating about the stigma of depression. CLINICALTRIAL University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000043020; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049109

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WhatsApp embedded in routine service delivery for smoking cessation: Effects on success rates in a randomized controlled study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.11042 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Seyfi Durmaz ◽

Isil Ergin ◽

Raika Durusoy ◽

Hur Hassoy ◽

S. Ayhan Çalışkan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Service Delivery ◽

Success Rate ◽

Intervention Group ◽

University Hospital ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Secondary Outcomes

BACKGROUND The demand for smoking cessation services has risen in Turkey, as those planning to quit, reached 35% in 2012. For quitting efforts, communication technologies are used widespread globally, yet service integration is rare. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the effect of a WhatsApp application embedded in the cessation service delivery, on success rate. METHODS Randomized controlled intervention study was conducted with 132 volunteers, followed up at Ege University Hospital, Smoking Cessation Clinic, March-July 2017. Intervention content based on Transtheoretic Model, was prepared and 60 WhatsApp messages were delivered to participants for 3 months, with 6 months follow up. Initial interview and follow up forms consisting sociodemographics, smoking status, medical condition and treatment, were used. The success rate at 1st and 3rd months were assessed by point-prevalence. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. As secondary outcomes; number of follow-ups, change in weight and continuity of medication were evaluated. RESULTS Success rate at 1st month was 65.9% for intervention group and 40.9% in control group; for the 3rd month it was 50.0% and 30.7%, consecutively. Being in the intervention group increased success rate by 3.50 (1.30-9.44) times in the 1st 2.50 (1.08-6.40) times in the 3rd and 2.31 (1.03- 5.16) times 6th month. The intervention was the only parameter effective in the two follow-up periods; all other factors were eliminated after adjustment for the intervention. As secondary outcomes, in the intervention group, number of follow-ups and face to face follow-ups increased for the 1st and 3rd months and continuity of medication was higher at 3rd month. CONCLUSIONS WhatsApp support embedded in cessation service delivery increases the success rate and has favorable effects on follow-up. Moreover, the equalizing effect of the intervention in terms of socioeconomic differences, positively contributes to the elimination of inequalities for successful smoking cessation in disadvantaged groups.

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A Randomized Controlled Study of the Effectiveness of Electrophysiological Monitoring of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Brain Damage of Various Origins

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn1271 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 490-499

Author(s):

Yuri Y. Kiryachkov ◽

Marina V. Petrova ◽

Bagautdin G. Muslimov ◽

Sergey A. Bosenko ◽

Mikhail M. Gorlachev

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Protective Role ◽

Digital Data ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Average Dose ◽

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽

Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽

Starting Dose

Background.At the same time, the main effect of the use of this drug is the elimination of the autonomic nervous system dysfunction and sympatholysis. It seems important to search for a method of indications and selection of a dose of dexmedetomidine in intensive care.Aims to improve the clinical effectiveness of the electrophysiological navigation of the prolonged use of dexmedetomidine in patients with brain pathology of various origins.Methods.The study included 83 patients 2050 days after the traumatic brain injury, anoxic damage; consequences of acute disorders of cerebral. 37 patients comprised the 1st intervention group with a clinical course of dexmedetomidine (male 28; female 9; average age 49.62.3 years) and 46 patients comprised the 2nd control group without pharmacological correction with dexmedetomidine (male 23; female 23, average age 512.5 years). Criteria for the inclusion of prolonged infusion of the drug dexmedetomidine (Orion Pharma, Finland) are based on heart rate variability (HRV) indicators characteristic of sympathetic hyperactivity, the target task of titration of doses of dexmedetomidine served as the parameters for achieving normal HRV indicators, the appearance of parasympathetic hyperactivity served as the basis for reducing the dosage of the drug or stopping it of application. HRV parameters were recorded before dexmetomedine infusion-initially, on 13; 45; 910; 1520 days of drug administration.Results.The starting dose of dexmedetomidine with sympathetic hyperactivity in patients was 0.12 to 0.24 g.kg1.hr1(average dose 0.160.01; total 200 mg/day). According to digital data from HRV, the effective dose of dexmedetomidine ED50 was 0.260.03 g.kg1.hr1(total daily 353.835.1 g) and was achieved on day 910 using dexmedetomidine.Conclusions.The protective role of dexmedetomidine with correction of sympathetic hyperactivity based on electrophysiological navigation according to the HRV is reliable in the following indicators: The improvement of consciousness; a significant decrease in the incidence of distress lung syndrome; septic shock; mortality.

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Effectiveness of Medication Review Services on Diabetes Self-Care in Primary Care Patients (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23269 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tay Siew Cheng Sarah ◽

Lim Jit Fan Christina ◽

Tan Soo Chieng Daphne ◽

Tan Seok Yee Maureen ◽

Chen Jieying Cordelia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Medication Review ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Care ◽

Effective Intervention ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Dietary Control ◽

Glucose Management

BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the most common medical conditions referred to medication review service run by pharmacists, OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine whether pharmacist-run MRS can be an effective intervention tool to improve patients’ participation in self-care of diabetes. METHODS This randomised controlled study was conducted in five public primary healthcare centres from December 2014 to October 2016. Participants were 40 to 80 years of age and had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. These participants were prescribed with five or more chronic medications, of which at least one was an antidiabetic medication, by the primary healthcare centres’ doctors. The participants were randomly recruited into the intervention or control arm. A self-developed questionnaire which incorporated the validated Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) was administered face-to-face by the study team to the participants prior to and after MRS. MRS was not administered to participants in the control group. RESULTS A total of 221 participants completed the follow up. There were 105 participants in the control arm and 116 in the intervention arm. The DSMQ Sum Scale score of the control group improved by 0.16 ± 1.11 (p= 0.136) while the intervention group improved by 0.40 ± 0.99 (p=0.000). Participants in the intervention group reported a better improvement in their self-care of diabetes, specifically in glucose management (0.38± 1.35, p=0.003), dietary control (0.26±1.66, p=0.096) and physical activity (0.67±2.36, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacist-run MRS is an effective intervention tool to improve participants’ self-care of diabetes, particularly in glucose management, dietary control and physical activity.

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Effect of aromatherapy massage with orange essential oil on postoperative pain after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini ◽

Ali Abbasi ◽

Nastaran Norouzi ◽

Fatemeh Mobaraki ◽

Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Anxiety Score ◽

Control Group ◽

And Control ◽

Orange Essential Oil

Abstract Objectives Many women in recent years have been willing to undergo puncture surgery for childbirth, which, like other surgeries, has physical and psychological side effects such as incision, infertility, chronic pain, and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to reduce and improve these side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage with orange essential oil on pain and anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section. Methods This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 80 women referred to Bahar Shahroud Hospital after cesarean section surgery. The samples were divided into two groups by intervention (foot massage with orange essential oil) and control (foot massage without orange essential oil). The Spielberger scale was used to determine anxiety scores after cesarean section. In the intervention group, the feet were massaged with orange essential oil, and in the control group, the orange essential oil massage was performed without oil. Anxiety before, immediately after, and 60 min after the intervention was measured and evaluated in both groups. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant levels were considered for all statistical tests (p<0.05). Results The anxiety score before the intervention in the two groups of intervention and control was 57.12 ± 3.12 and 57.07 ± 3.54, respectively, which were not significantly different, but immediately after the intervention, the anxiety scores in both groups decreased significantly so that there was a further decrease in the intervention group (52.10 ± 4.75 and 56.02 ± 3.77), 1 h after the intervention, the anxiety score in the intervention group decreased compared to the previous stage and increased in the control group (50.40 ± 3.74 and 56.85 ± 4.27). Conclusions Foot massage with orange essential oil can probably be effective as a proper nursing intervention in reducing anxiety after cesarean section surgery.

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The effect of practicing yoga during pregnancy on labor stages length, anxiety and pain: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ellahe Mohyadin ◽

Zohreh Ghorashi ◽

Zahra Molamomanaei

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Total Duration ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Labor Pain ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Nulliparous Women ◽

Two Stages ◽

And Control

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and fear of labor pain has led to elevated cesarean section rate in some countries. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga in pregnancy on anxiety, labor pain and length of labor stages.MethodsThis clinical trial study was performed on 84 nulliparous women who were at least 18 years old and were randomly divided into two groups of yoga and control groups. Pregnancy Yoga Program consisting of 6 60-min training sessions was started every 2 weeks from week 26 of pregnancy and continued until 37 weeks of gestation. Anxiety severity at maternal admission to labor was measured by the Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and labor pain was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at dilatation (4–5 cm) and 2 h after the first measurement. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and t-test.ResultsIntervention group reported less pain at dilatation (4–5 cm) (p=0.001) and 2 h after the first measurement (p=0.001) than the control group. Stat anxiety was also lower in intervention group than the control group (p=0.003) at the entrance to labor room. Subjects in the control group required more induction compared to intervention group (p=0.003). Women in intervention group experienced shorter duration of the first phase of the labor than the control group (p=0.002). Also, the total duration of two stages of labor was shorter in intervention group than the control group (p=0.003).ConclusionsPracticing yoga during pregnancy may reduce women’s anxiety during labor; shorten labor stages, and lower labor pain.

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The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation in Women Who Had Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Complementary Medicine Research ◽

10.1159/000513924 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Sevde Aksu ◽

Pelin Palas Karaca

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Pain ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Documentation Tool ◽

And Control

Aim: The research was conducted as a randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effects of reflexology on lactation in mothers who delivered by cesarean section (CS). Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with a total of 60 postpartum women in the reflexology application (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). After the CS, the mothers in the control group were given approximately 3-h routine nursing care after recovering from the effects of anesthesia; the introductory information form was applied, and the Breastfeeding Charting System and Documentation Tool (LATCH) and visual analog scale (VAS) for the signs of the onset of lactation were implemented on the first and second days. Reflexology was applied to the women in the intervention group after an average of 3 h following the mother’s condition had become stable and she had recovered from the effects of anesthesia. Reflexology was applied a total of 20 min – 10 min for the right foot, 10 min for the left foot – twice a day with 8-h intervals on the first and second days after CS. After the last reflexology application, the LATCH and VAS for the signs of the onset of lactation were applied. Results: Of the women, 70% breastfed their babies within 60 min after delivery; 46.7% of the mothers received breastfeeding training and 81.7% needed support for breastfeeding after the CS. The LATCH breastfeeding scores of the women in the intervention group on both days were significantly higher compared to those of the women in the control group (p < 0.001). On the first day after the CS, apart from breast pain, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of breast heat and breast tension (p > 0.05). On the second day after the CS, apart from breast tension, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of breast heat and breast pain (p < 0.05). In the study, women in the intervention group were found to have higher scores in terms of all three symptoms compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that LATCH scores and signs of the onset of breastfeeding increased in the mothers who received reflexology after CS.

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School-based obesity interventions in the metropolitan area of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: pooled analysis from five randomised studies

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521000076 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Renata da R. M. Rodrigues ◽

Bruna K. Hassan ◽

Michele R. Sgambato ◽

Bárbara da S. N. Souza ◽

Diana B. Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Habits ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Intention To Treat ◽

School Year ◽

School Based ◽

Obesity Interventions ◽

The One ◽

And Control

Abstract School-based studies, despite the large number of studies conducted, have reported inconclusive results on obesity prevention. The sample size is a major constraint in such studies by requiring large samples. This pooled analysis overcomes this problem by analysing 5926 students (mean age 11·5 years) from five randomised school-based interventions. These studies focused on encouraging students to change their drinking and eating habits, and physical activities over the one school year, with monthly 1-h sessions in the classroom; culinary class aimed at developing cooking skills to increase healthy eating and attempts to family engagement. Pooled intention-to-treat analysis using linear mixed models accounted for school clusters. Control and intervention groups were balanced at baseline. The overall result was a non-significant change in BMI after one school year of positive changes in behaviours associated with obesity. Estimated mean BMI changed from 19·02 to 19·22 kg/m2 in the control group and from 19·08 to 19·32 kg/m2 in the intervention group (P value of change over time = 0·09). Subgroup analyses among those overweight or with obesity at baseline also did not show differences between intervention and control groups. The percentage of fat measured by bioimpedance indicated a small reduction in the control compared with intervention (P = 0·05). This large pooled analysis showed no effect on obesity measures, although promising results were observed about modifying behaviours associated with obesity.

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