scholarly journals Selectivity of Leguminous Trees by Water Buffaloes in Semi-intensive Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maykel Andrés Galloso-Hernández ◽  
Vicente Rodríguez-Estévez ◽  
Carlos Armando Alvarez-Díaz ◽  
Mildrey Soca-Perez ◽  
Devon Ronald Dublin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Different Levels

Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) manifest different levels of selectivity for different pastures and forages. Knowledge of feed selectivity is important to facilitate the design of efficient production systems that take into account optimal animal welfare. In this study, the selectivity of nine 18-month old female water buffaloes for Leucaena leucocephala, Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium, and Moringa oleifera was evaluated. After 12 h of grazing Megathyrsus maximum, the animals were housed in individual shelters and 1.2 kg of leaves from each of the four tree species were offered to the animals simultaneously. The selectivity, measured as the intake of dry matter (DM), was highest for A. lebbeck (mean = 0.34 kgDM, SD = 0.05 kg), followed by L. leucocephala (mean = 0.30 kgDM, SD = 0.03 kg), M. oleifera (mean = 0.11 kgDM, SD = 0.05 kg), and G. sepium (mean = 0.10 kgDM, SD = 0.02 kg) (P < 0.01). The crude protein intake was highest for A. lebbeck and L. leucocephala. Notably, the less selected leaves were those of G. sepium and M. oleifera. This study suggests that the inclusion of A. lebbeck and L. leucocephala in silvopastoral systems may increase both the consumption and well-being of water buffaloes in the tropics.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory and Feeding Behavior under Different Management and Heat Stress Conditions in Heifer Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in the Tropics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Maykel Andrés Galloso-Hernández ◽  
Mildrey Soca-Pérez ◽  
Devon Dublin ◽  
Carlos Armando Alvarez-Díaz ◽  
Jesús Iglesias-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
System P ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Intense Heat

In the wake of climate change and global warming, the production systems of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are receiving increasing attention in the tropics, where the silvopastoral systems can improve animal welfare and production conditions. The objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of heifer buffaloes in a silvopastoral system (SPS) with Leucaena leucocephala (600 trees/ha) and in a conventional system (CVS), under intense heat stress and moderate heat stress in Cuba. We observed nine animals, with an average weight of 167.9 kg at the beginning of the study, during the daylight period, from 6:00 to 18:00 h, at 10 min intervals, for 12 days. Activities recorded were grazing, ingestion of tree leaves, rumination, water intake, walking, lying, standing, sheltering in the shade of trees, and wallowing. Sheltering in the shade of trees and wallowing were collectively considered as thermoregulatory behavior (TB). TB was different in both systems and conditions of heat stress (p < 0.05), with 4.06 in CVS and 3.81 h in SPS in the intense heat stress period, while it was 2.91 and 1.08 h for SPS and CVS, respectively, during the moderate heat stress period. The wallowing activity showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the intense heat stress season with 1.18 and 2.35 h for SPS and CVS, respectively. Time spent on feeding behavior was highest in the SPS system (p < 0.05). Longer times of thermoregulatory and feeding behavior indicate the importance of trees in animal welfare for this species in tropical conditions, thus supporting avoided deforestation and the replanting of trees in existing production systems and landscapes.

scholarly journals Cinética de la reacción de transesterificación del aceite de moringa en la obtención de biocombustible.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Wendy F Martillo García ◽  
Eduardo G López Anchundia ◽  
Mayra A Resabala Cordova ◽  
Gema E Briones Ponce ◽  
Carlos A Moreira Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Moringa Oil ◽  
The Tropics

  La Moringa oleifera, es una planta con innumerables propiedades nutritivas y terapéuticas, por lo cual pudiera ser considerada como uno de los alimentos que contribuyen al bienestar y a la prevención de enfermedades por sus efectos antioxidantes. Además de su valor nutritivo, las hojas son ricas en antioxidantes, entre los cuales destacan los isotiocianatos, los cuales parecen presentar propiedades anticancerígenas, hipotensoras, hipoglucemiantes y antibióticas. Las concentraciones de factores antinutritivos en las hojas, tales como inhibidores de proteasas, taninos, saponinas y lectinas, son insignificantes; su hábitat de crecimiento es el trópico (< 2000 msnm). En la planta se han cuantificado proteínas, fibra, carbohidratos, aminoácidos, vitaminas, minerales y metabolitos secundarios (carotenos y tocoferoles); lo que explica parcialmente sus usos como alimento, tratamiento de enfermedades (respiratorias, gastrointestinales, inflamatorias, cardiacas, nutricionales y cutáneas), mejorador de suelo, materia prima para la industria alimentaria, de cosméticos, obtención de biocombustibles y tratamiento de agua. Una de las partes aprovechables del árbol es la semilla debido a su contenido entre un 30 y 45 % de aceite. El presente artículo científico tiene por objetivo general describir la cinética de reacción de transesterificación del aceite de moringa en la obtención de biocombustible.   Palabras clave: Moringa Oleifera, transesterificación, biocombustible, cinetica reacción.   Summary Moringa oleifera is a plant with innumerable nutritional and therapeutic properties, which is why it could be considered one of the foods that contribute to well-being and the prevention of diseases due to its antioxidant effects. In addition to its nutritional value, the leaves are rich in antioxidants, among which isothiocyanates stand out, which seem to have anti-cancer, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and antibiotic properties. The concentrations of antinutritive factors in the leaves, such as protease inhibitors, tannins, saponins and lectins, are negligible; its growth habitat is the tropics (<2000 masl). In the plant proteins, fiber, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and secondary metabolites (carotenes and tocopherols) have been quantified; which partially explains its uses as food, treatment of diseases (respiratory, gastrointestinal, inflammatory, heart, nutritional and skin), soil improver, raw material for the food industry, cosmetics, obtaining biofuels and water treatment. One of the usable parts of the tree is the seed due to its content between 30 and 45% of oil. The general objective of this scientific article is to describe the transesterification reaction kinetics of moringa oil in obtaining biofuel.    Keywords: Moringa Oleifera, transesterification, biofuel, reaction kinetics.

Development of Efficient Production Systems for Forest Tree Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Naoki Negishi ◽  
Katsuhiko Nakahama ◽  
Nobuyuki Urata ◽  
Toshiaki Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Tree Seedlings

scholarly journals Review: Impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N Edwards-Callaway ◽  
M Caitlin Cramer ◽  
Caitlin N Cadaret ◽  
Elizabeth J Bigler ◽  
Terry E Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Shade is a mechanism to reduce heat load providing cattle with an environment supportive of their welfare needs. Although heat stress has been extensively reviewed, researched, and addressed in dairy production systems, it has not been investigated in the same manner in the beef cattle supply chain. Like all animals, beef cattle are susceptible to heat stress if they are unable to dissipate heat during times of elevated ambient temperatures. There are many factors that impact heat stress susceptibility in beef cattle throughout the different supply chain sectors, many of which relate to the production system, i.e. availability of shade, microclimate of environment, and nutrition management. The results from studies evaluating the effects of shade on production and welfare are difficult to compare due to variation in structural design, construction materials used, height, shape, and area of shade provided. Additionally, depending on operation location, shade may or may not be beneficial during all times of the year, which can influence the decision to make shade a permanent part of management systems. Shade has been shown to lessen the physiologic response of cattle to heat stress. Shaded cattle exhibit lower respiration rates, body temperatures, and panting scores compared to un-shaded cattle in weather that increases the risk of heat stress. Results from studies investigating the provision of shade indicate that cattle seek shade in hot weather. The impact of shade on behavioral patterns is inconsistent in the current body of research, some studies indicating shade provision impacts behavior and other studies reporting no difference between shaded and un-shaded groups. Analysis of performance and carcass characteristics across feedlot studies demonstrated that shaded cattle had increased ADG, improved feed efficiency, HCW, and dressing percentage when compared to cattle without shade. Despite the documented benefits of shade, current industry statistics, although severely limited in scope, indicate low shade implementation rates in feedlots and data in other supply chain sectors do not exist. Industry guidelines and third party on-farm certification programs articulate the critical need for protection from extreme weather but are not consistent in providing specific recommendations and requirements. Future efforts should include: updated economic analyses of cost versus benefit of shade implementation, exploration of producer perspectives and needs relative to shade, consideration of shade impacts in the cow-calf and slaughter plant segments of the supply chain, and integration of indicators of affective (mental) state and preference in research studies to enhance the holistic assessment of cattle welfare.

scholarly journals Pollination Potential in Portugal: Leveraging an Ecosystem Service for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Caroline Wentling ◽  
Felipe S. Campos ◽  
João David ◽  
Pedro Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Administrative Boundary

As urbanization and agriculture increase worldwide, habitats and food sources for wild pollinators are often fragmented or destroyed. As wild pollinators contribute both resilience and variety to agricultural fields, it is desirable to implement land management practices that preserve their well-being and ability to contribute to food production systems. This study evaluates continental Portugal for its change in suitability to host bee’s pollinator species (Apis mellifera) from 1990 to 2018. It uses the InVEST crop pollination modeling tool and CORINE Land Cover, as well as parameterization to produce pollinator abundance and supply maps. These are generalized to municipality boundaries to provide actionable insights to farmers and policymakers and strengthen land management practices. It finds that the potential for pollination services is growing, with averages of both pollinator abundance and supply indices improving by 8.76% across the continental territory in 28 years. The study results are validated using another pollination index derived from a study that is based on expert opinion and field sampling in a sub-region of Portugal. This method of aggregation of model results and comparison of the percent difference by administrative boundary has the potential to better inform both policymakers and farmers about the pollination potential on a local level, as well as inspire interventions for future productivity.

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from the southeastern region of Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.U Fujii ◽  
N Kasai ◽  
S.M Nishi ◽  
J.P Dubey ◽  
S.M Gennari
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Southeastern Region

Validation of salivary ferning based estrus identification method in a large population of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using Foldscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 100528
Author(s):  
Gangu Naidu Surla ◽  
Aparna Hebbar ◽  
Varun Kumar ◽  
Varij Nayan ◽  
Veerappa Gowdar Vedamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Identification Method

Bronchogenic Carcinoma in Indian Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 462-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Kharole ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
P. P. Gupta ◽  
Balwant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Water Buffaloes

scholarly journals A coprological survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAA Mamun ◽  
N Begum ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Toxocara Vitulorum ◽  
Coprological Examination ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Paramphistomum Cervi

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes was investigated in Kurigram district of Bangladesh between November 2007 and October 2008 through coprological examination. A total of 236 water buffaloes were examined, among them 144 (61.02%) buffaloes were found infected with one or more species of gastro-intestinal parasites. Nine species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them four species were trematodes, namely, Paramphistomum cervi (29.24%), Fasciola gigantica (22.46%), Schistosoma indicum (1.27%), Schistosoma spindale (0.85%); three species were nematodes, namely, Toxocara vitulorum (2.54%), Strongyles (0.85%), Strongyloides sp. (0.42%) and two species were protozoa, namely, Eimeria sp. (3.39%) and Balantidium coli (37.29%). No cestode was detected. Among the gastro-intestinal parasites mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of parasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics was also studied. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was observed in rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Males and females were almost equally (odd ratio 1.08) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection. In the age groups, young (< 2 to 5 years) were mostly (p<0.01) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasites. In the present study, EPG (Egg/cyst Per Gram of Feces) was also determined. The range of EPG varied from 100-5000 among the identified parasites. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffaloes is very common and quite severe. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh. Keywords: Buffalo; Gastro-intestinal parasites; Kurigram district DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 103-109

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