scholarly journals Mycobacterium microti: Not Just a Coincidental Pathogen for Cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Peterhans ◽  
Patricia Landolt ◽  
Ute Friedel ◽  
Francisca Oberhänsli ◽  
Matthias Dennler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Skin Nodules ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mycobacterium Microti ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Immunodiagnostic Tests

Public interest in animal tuberculosis is mainly focused on prevention and eradication of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and wildlife. In cattle, immunodiagnostic tests such as the tuberculin skin test or the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) assay have been established and are commercially available. Feline tuberculosis is rather unknown, and the available diagnostic tools are limited. However, infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members need to be considered an aetiological differential diagnosis in cats with granulomatous lymphadenopathy or skin nodules and, due to the zoonotic potential, a time-efficient and accurate diagnostic approach is required. The present study describes 11 independent cases of Mycobacterium microti infection in domestic cats in Switzerland. For three cases, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, bacteriological results, immunodiagnostic testing, and pathological features are reported. An adapted feline IFN-γ release assay was successfully applied in two cases and appears to be a promising tool for the ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in cats. Direct contact with M. microti reservoir hosts was suspected to be the origin of infection in all three cases. However, there was no evidence of M. microti infection in 346 trapped wild mice from a presumptive endemic region. Therefore, the source and modalities of infection in cats in Switzerland remain to be further elucidated.

scholarly journals Cytokine Biosignature of Active and Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Children

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Magdalena Druszczynska ◽  
Michal Seweryn ◽  
Sebastian Wawrocki ◽  
Magdalena Kowalewska-Pietrzak ◽  
Anna Pankowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Multiplex Bead

None of the currently used diagnostic tools are efficient enough in diagnosing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in children. The study was aimed to identify cytokine biosignatures characterizing active and latent tuberculosis (TB) in children. Using a multiplex bead-based technology, we analyzed the levels of 53 Th17-related cytokines and inflammatory mediators in sera from 216 BCG-vaccinated children diagnosed with active TB (TB) or latent TB (LTBI) as well as uninfected controls (HC). Children with active TB, compared to HC children, showed reduced serum levels of IL-17A, MMP-2, OPN, PTX-3, and markedly elevated concentrations of APRIL/TNFSF13. IL-21, sCD40L, MMP-2, and IL-8 were significantly differentially expressed in the comparisons between groups: (1) HC versus TB and LTBI (jointly), and (2) TB versus LTBI. The panel consisting of APRIL/TNFSF13, sCD30/TNFRSF8, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-2, sIL-6Rα, IL-8, IL-11, IL-29/IFN-λ1, LIGHT/TNFSF14, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, osteocalcin, osteopontin, TSLP, and TWEAK/TNFSF12 possessed a discriminatory potential for the differentiation between TB and LTBI children. Serum-based host biosignatures carry the potential to aid the diagnosis of childhood M.tb infections. The proposed panels of markers allow distinguishing not only children infected with M.tb from uninfected individuals but also children with active TB from those with latent TB.

scholarly journals Development of an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for detection of Brucella abortus and clinical diagnosis of brucellosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng ◽  
Liangquan Zhu ◽  
Xiaowei Peng ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Ge Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Great Risk ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Somatic Antigen ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Somatic Antigens

Introduction: Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus (B. abortus), is an important zoonosis posing a great risk to both livestock and humans. Currently, most assays for clinical diagnosis of brucellosis have been developed based on serological principles; however, these assays have a number of limitations and disadvantages. Methodology: To address this concern, the aim of this study was to develop a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Towards this end, the stimulating effect induced by different somatic antigens of B. abortus on the secretion of IFN-γ was evaluated. Results: The best antigen candidate, B. abortus strain 2308, able to induce high levels of IFN-γ expression in peripheral blood (PB) cells from cattle, was used for the development of the IGRA. The optimal concentration for stimulation was determined as 1.0×107 CFU/mL. This study demonstrated that IFN-γ was detectable on day 5 post infection (p.i.) and peaked on day 14 p.i.. Finally, the IGRA developed was used for detection of B. abortus in clinical samples, and a higher level of IFN-γ was detected in Brucella-infected samples compared to vaccination samples and negative controls. Conclusions: The optimal somatic antigen for B. abortus was identified and used to establish a robust IGRA. The IGRA developed is suitable for clinical diagnosis of brucellosis, especially in the early stages of infection.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aspergillus-Specific T Cells for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in a Leukemic Child with Liver Lesions Mimicking Hepatosplenic Candidiasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1625-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Potenza ◽  
Patrizia Barozzi ◽  
Giulio Rossi ◽  
Giovanni Palazzi ◽  
Daniela Vallerini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Hepatosplenic Candidiasis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Leukemic Child

ABSTRACT A child with acute myeloid leukemia presented with multiple liver lesions mimicking hepatosplenic candidiasis during the neutropenic phase following the induction chemotherapy. All the available diagnostic tools showed repeatedly negative results, including galactomannan. An enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay showed a high number of Aspergillus-specific T cells producing interleukin-10 [TH2(IL-10)] and a low number of Aspergillus-specific T cells producing gamma interferon [TH1(IFN-γ)], revealing invasive aspergillosis (IA) before the confirmatory biopsy. A progressive skewing from the predominance of TH2(IL-10) to a predominance of TH1(IFN-γ) was observed close to the complete resolution of the infection and foreshadowed the outcome. The ELISPOT assay holds promise for diagnosing pediatric IA.

QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus combined with HBHA-Induced IFN-γ release assay improves the accuracy of identifying tuberculosis disease status

Tuberculosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 101966
Author(s):  
Jinhua Tang ◽  
Yuan Huang ◽  
Shen Jiang ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
Tingting Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Status ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Tuberculosis Disease

scholarly journals Recognition of Mycobacterial Antigens Delivered by Genetically Detoxified Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase by T Cells from Cattle with Bovine Tuberculosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 6255-6261 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Martin Vordermeier ◽  
Marcela Simsova ◽  
Katalin A. Wilkinson ◽  
Robert J. Wilkinson ◽  
R. Glyn Hewinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
T Cell Recognition ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Immunodiagnostic Tests

ABSTRACT The exponential increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in cattle over the last two decades in the British national herd constitutes a significant economic problem. Therefore, research efforts are under way to develop cattle tuberculosis vaccines and specific diagnostic reagents to allow the distinction of vaccinated from infected animals. Mycobacterial antigens like ESAT-6 and CFP10 allow this distinction. This study investigates whether fusion protein of ESAT-6 or CFP10 with genetically detoxified Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) are recognized by Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle more effectively than conventional recombinant proteins are, thus enhancing sensitivity or reducing the amount of antigens required. By measuring the frequencies of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells, we were able to show that the presentation of CFP10 as a CyaA fusion protein enhanced the molecular efficiency of its recognition 20-fold, while the recognition of ESAT-6 was not improved by CyaA delivery. Furthermore, in the whole-blood IFN-γ test currently used in the field, the delivery of CFP10 and ESAT-6 by fusion to CyaA increased the amount of IFN-γ produced and hence the proportion of infected animals responding to CFP10. The improved T-cell recognition of CyaA336/CFP10 was found to be dependent upon interaction with CD11b. In addition, presentation of CyaA336/CFP10 to CD4+ T cells was chloroquine sensitive, and CFP10 delivery by CyaA resulted in its accelerated presentation to T cells. In conclusion, the use of CyaA fusion proteins with ESAT-6 and CFP10 has the potential to improve the sensitivity of immunodiagnostic tests detecting bovine tuberculosis in cattle.

scholarly journals The Effects of HIV on the Sensitivity of a Whole Blood IFN-γ Release Assay in Zambian Adults with Active Tuberculosis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Raby ◽  
Maureen Moyo ◽  
Akash Devendra ◽  
Joseph Banda ◽  
Petra De Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ

scholarly journals Short-Term Reproducibility of a Commercial Interferon Gamma Release Assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1170-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Detjen ◽  
L. Loebenberg ◽  
H. M. S. Grewal ◽  
K. Stanley ◽  
A. Gutschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assays ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Storage Methods

ABSTRACT Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) have been shown to be sensitive and highly specific for the detection of immune memory against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Little is known about the reproducibility and within-person variability of these assays. Various aspects of short-term reproducibility of a commercial IGRA, the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) assay, were assessed. The QFT-IT assay was performed twice within 3 days in 27 health care workers in Cape Town, South Africa. Two sets of tests were performed by different operators on day 1, and one set was performed on day 3. Aspects such as interoperator, intraoperator, day-to-day variability, and test-retest variability as well as different the storage methods of plasma were investigated. Seventeen of 27 (63%) of participants had at least one positive QFT-IT text; six had discordant results. The agreement of all aspects studied was high, with kappa values between 0.82 and 1.00 for dichotomous measures, and interclass correlations (ICC) of 0.809 to 0.965 were observed for continuous gamma interferon (IFN-γ) measures. The variability of the magnitude of response was highest comparing measures obtained from individuals on different days (ICC of 0.809). The magnitude of the IFN-γ responses between assays performed for individual participants was variable, with ranges from 0.03 to 11 IU/ml, resulting is discordant results for five participants. The results indicate that the QFT-IT assay is a robust and highly reproducible assay. Considerable intraindividual variability occurs in the magnitude of IFN-γ responses, which may influence the interpretation of serial measures.

scholarly journals A combination of circulating microRNA-375-3p and chemokines CCL11, CXCL12, and G-CSF differentiate Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susree Roy ◽  
Suchandrima Ghosh ◽  
Mallica Banerjee ◽  
Sayantan Laha ◽  
Dipanjan Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractDifferentiation of Crohn’s disease (CD) from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is a big challenge to gastroenterologists because of their indistinguishable features and insensitive diagnostic tools. A non-invasive biomarker is urgently required to distinguish ITB/CD patients particularly in India, a TB endemic region, where CD frequency is increasing rapidly due to urbanization. Among the three differentially expressed miRNAs obtained from small RNA transcriptomic profiling of ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissue of ITB/CD patients (n = 3), only two down-regulated miRNAs, miR-31-5p, and miR-215-5p showed comparable data in qRT-PCR. Out of which, only miR-215-5p was detectable in the patient’s plasma, but there was no significant difference in expression between ITB/CD. On the other hand, miR-375-3p, the pulmonary TB specific marker was found in higher amount in the plasma of ITB patients than CD while reverse expression was observed in the ileocaecal/terminal ileal tissues of the same patients. Next, using Bioplex pro-human cytokine 48-plex screening panel, only three chemokines, Eotaxin-1/CCL11, SDF-1α/CXCL12, and G-CSF have noted significantly different levels in the serum of ITB/CD patients. ROC analysis has revealed that compared to a single molecule, a combination of miR-375-3p + Eotaxin-1/CCL11 + SDF-1α /CXCL12 + G-CSF showed a better AUC of 0.83, 95% CI (0.69–0.96) with 100% specificity and positive predictive value while sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 56%, 69%, and 78% respectively in distinguishing ITB from CD. This study suggests that a combination of plasma markers shows better potential in differentiating ITB from CD than a single marker and this panel of markers may be used for clinical management of ITB/CD patients.

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