scholarly journals American Foulbrood in the Czech Republic: ERIC II Genotype of Paenibacillus Larvae Is Prevalent

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Biová ◽  
Jaroslav Bzdil ◽  
Silvie Dostálková ◽  
Marek Petřivalský ◽  
Jan Brus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Consensus Classification

American foulbrood (AFB) is a dangerous disease of honeybees (Apis mellifera) caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. According to the ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus) classification, five genotypes are distinguished, i.e., I, II, III, IV, and V, which differ in their virulence and prevalence in colonies. In the Czech Republic, AFB prevalence is monitored by the State Veterinary Administration; however, the occurrence of specific P. larvae genotypes within the country remains unknown. In this study, our aim was to genotype field P. larvae strains collected in the Czech Republic according to the ERIC classification. In total, 102 field isolates from colonies with AFB clinical symptoms were collected from various locations in the Czech Republic, and the PCR genotypization was performed using ERIC primers. We confirmed the presence of both ERIC I and II genotypes, while ERIC III, IV, and V were not detected. The majority of samples (n = 82, 80.4%) were identified as ERIC II, while the ERIC I genotype was confirmed only in 20 samples (19.6%). In contrast to other European countries, the ERIC II genotype is predominant in Czech honeybee colonies. The ERIC I genotype was mostly detected in border regions close to Poland, Slovakia, and Austria.

Prevalence of honeybee viruses in the Czech Republic and coinfections with other honeybee disease

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Ryba ◽  
Dalibor Titera ◽  
Iva Schodelbauerova-Traxmandlova ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Ordination Diagram ◽  
Bee Viruses

AbstractSix bee viruses, which occur in Apis mellifera, were monitored in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2009. Samples of larvae and pupae collected from hives where American foulbrood was detected were screened for bee viruses and in the 125 samples of larvae, there was no confirmed case of a larva infected with both American foulbrood and a bee virus. Of 145 samples infected with the protozoan Nosema apis, there were 23 cases of coinfections with the BQCV virus, 18 with the DWV virus and 11 with the ABPV virus. All coinfections with three or four viruses were also statistically significant apart from the one between ABPV with CBPV and DWV. The PCA ordination diagram indicates that BQCV occurs mainly with Nosema apis and DWV mainly with ABPV.

scholarly journals Detection of Paenibacillus larvae Spores in the Debris and Wax of Honey Bee by the Tween 80 Method

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bzdil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
New Method ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Control Samples

The aim of the present study was to validate a new method of detection of Paenibacillus larvae spores in the debris and wax of honey bee and compare it with the method commonly used in the Czech Republic, i.e. the method based on dissolving wax components of samples in toluene or benzene and releasing them in a liquid medium. The new method builds on homogenization of the material at the temperature of 70 ± 2 °C, using distilled water and homogenization agent Tween 80. The spores are transferred from the suspension thus created to a liquid medium diluted and treated by heat (90 ± 2 °C) in order to destroy vegetative saprophytic microflora. This medium is then inoculated on solid culture media (blood agar and MYPGP with nalidixic acid) at individual doses of 0.2 ml. After five to eight-day incubation at 37 ± 1 °C, the suspected P. larvae colonies are counted and subjected to confirmation. The count of colonies multiplied by 100 represents the number of spores in 1 g of the material. Eleven debris control samples from circular test and 10 demonstrably positive debris samples containing P. larvae spores were used to compare both methods. The new method was independently tested on other 1,509 field samples of winter debris collected in protection areas around American foulbrood (AFB) outbreaks and examined from 1 January 2006 to 10 May 2006. Of these 1,509 field samples, 46 were P. larvae positive. The comparison of the number of spores found concurrently by both methods in 21 control samples and their benchmarking by the paired t-test method showed that the Tween method was significantly more effective in detection of P. larvae spores in the examined material than the commonly used Toluene method (the t value was -3.524). The test results indicate that the Tween method, as soon as it is tested and validated at other research sites, can be effective in examining the debris and wax of honey bee. Unlike Toluene method based on organic solvents, the Tween method is more acceptable from the point of view of fire protection, environment compatibility, waste disposal and occupational health and safety of laboratory staff. From the scientific perspective, the Tween method could play an important role in early diagnostics and subsequent control of the incidence of American foulbrood not only in the Czech Republic, but also in other countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: American Foulbrood in the Czech Republic: ERIC II Genotype of Paenibacillus Larvae Is Prevalent

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Biová ◽  
Jaroslav Bzdil ◽  
Silvie Dostálková ◽  
Marek Petřivalský ◽  
Jan Brus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Impact of Nosema Disease and American Foulbrood on Gut Bacterial Communities of Honeybees Apis mellifera

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Poonnawat Panjad ◽  
Rujipas Yongsawas ◽  
Chainarong Sinpoo ◽  
Chonthicha Pakwan ◽  
Phakamas Subta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
454 Pyrosequencing ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Nosema Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, are important pollinators of many economically important crops. However, one of the reasons for their decline is pathogenic infection. Nosema disease and American foulbrood (AFB) disease are the most common bee pathogens that propagate in the gut of honeybees. This study investigated the impact of gut-propagating pathogens, including Nosema ceranae and Paenibacillus larvae, on bacterial communities in the gut of A. mellifera using 454-pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing results showed that N. ceranae was implicated in the elimination of Serratia and the dramatic increase in Snodgrassella and Bartonella in adult bees’ guts, while bacterial communities of P. larvae-infected larvae were not affected by the infection. The results indicated that only N. ceranae had an impact on some core bacteria in the gut of A. mellifera through increasing core gut bacteria, therefore leading to the induction of dysbiosis in the bees’ gut.

Winter arsenic pollution in 10 forest ecosystems in the mountainous border regions of the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Petrash ◽  
Martin Novák ◽  
Leona Bohdálková ◽  
Micheal Krachler ◽  
Jan Čuřík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Arsenic Pollution ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions

scholarly journals PCR detection of Bartonella spp. in the dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Konvalinová ◽  
Vlasta Svobodová ◽  
Dobromila Molinková ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Our study aimed at using PCR to identify the incidence ofBartonellaspp. in blood of dogs. Altogether 286 dogs of 92 breeds aged 3 month to 17 years were tested from October 2008 to December 2009. Healthy dogs as well as dogs with various clinical symptoms of disease were included in the group. Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for the presence ofBartonellaspp. Following the DNA examination in 286 dogs by PCR and subsequent sequencing, two samples were identified asBartonella henselae(0.7%). Other species ofBartonellawere not found. It was the first time in the Czech Republic when incidence ofBartonellaspp. was determined in dogs.

scholarly journals Economic Differences of Border Regions in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-582
Author(s):  
Jitka Svobodová ◽  
Ludmila Dömeová ◽  
Andrea Jindrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Three Components

The article deals with the economically weak regions in the border areas of the Czech Republic (CR). The main goal is the selection and application of the most important variables, as the methodology of selection and evaluation of economically weak regions is not united. The following research question was formulated as whether the border regions are economically weaker when compared with the Czech Republic average of selected indicators. Two working hypotheses were set: whether the situation of the border regions is different from each other among the border regions and whether the economy of the neighbouring country impacts these disparities in border regions. The secondary goal of this article is to find homogenous clusters and describe these clusters of border regions. The result of the principal component analysis was determination of three components Labour market, Transnational commuters and Population migration. The variables that set up the component Labour Market was found to be the most important for economically weak border regions. The three components were used for cluster analysis and the territories were broken up into four clusters, none of which is above average of the CR with the result that the situation in the border region is dependent on the neighbouring country.

scholarly journals Border regions in the Czech Republic: contemporary tendencies of development differentiation

Geografie ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Martin Hampl
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Economic Specialization

The article focuses on problems of current tendencies differentiating between borderland and inland, and among border regions themselves. First, the borderland - inland differences are still limited, but they will be probable deepening in future. Second, the differences among border regions are important both in intensity of settlement and in economic level, and in current development dynamics. Key factors of regional differentiation appear to be xxxx - locational position and inherited economic specialization.

Assessment of the situation of young people in the labour market in border regions – hybrid approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Marek Obrębalski ◽  
Marek Walesiak
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Synthetic Assessment ◽  
Aggregate Measure

The aim of the paper is to measure the scope and degree of differences in the situation of young people in the labour market in the border regions of Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany in 2010 and 2018, using six metric variables. For the purpose of the study, a hybrid approach was adopted, which involved carrying out linear ordering of the studied regions on the basis of the results of multidimensional scaling. The synthetic assessment of the changes in the situation of young people in the labour market in border regions was performed using the aggregate measure and Theil’s decomposition. The study was based on data from Eurostat’s REGIO database. It demonstrated that the situation of young people in the labour market in all the examined regions had significantly improved in the studied period. It also showed that Polish border regions, in addition to being significantly diversified in this respect, are in a worse situation than their German or Czech counterparts, but overall, the interregional disproportions among the countries shrank in the analysed period.

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