Prevalence of honeybee viruses in the Czech Republic and coinfections with other honeybee disease

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Ryba ◽  
Dalibor Titera ◽  
Iva Schodelbauerova-Traxmandlova ◽  
Pavel Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Nosema Apis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Ordination Diagram ◽  
Bee Viruses

AbstractSix bee viruses, which occur in Apis mellifera, were monitored in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2009. Samples of larvae and pupae collected from hives where American foulbrood was detected were screened for bee viruses and in the 125 samples of larvae, there was no confirmed case of a larva infected with both American foulbrood and a bee virus. Of 145 samples infected with the protozoan Nosema apis, there were 23 cases of coinfections with the BQCV virus, 18 with the DWV virus and 11 with the ABPV virus. All coinfections with three or four viruses were also statistically significant apart from the one between ABPV with CBPV and DWV. The PCA ordination diagram indicates that BQCV occurs mainly with Nosema apis and DWV mainly with ABPV.

scholarly journals American Foulbrood in the Czech Republic: ERIC II Genotype of Paenibacillus Larvae Is Prevalent

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Biová ◽  
Jaroslav Bzdil ◽  
Silvie Dostálková ◽  
Marek Petřivalský ◽  
Jan Brus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Consensus Classification

American foulbrood (AFB) is a dangerous disease of honeybees (Apis mellifera) caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. According to the ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus) classification, five genotypes are distinguished, i.e., I, II, III, IV, and V, which differ in their virulence and prevalence in colonies. In the Czech Republic, AFB prevalence is monitored by the State Veterinary Administration; however, the occurrence of specific P. larvae genotypes within the country remains unknown. In this study, our aim was to genotype field P. larvae strains collected in the Czech Republic according to the ERIC classification. In total, 102 field isolates from colonies with AFB clinical symptoms were collected from various locations in the Czech Republic, and the PCR genotypization was performed using ERIC primers. We confirmed the presence of both ERIC I and II genotypes, while ERIC III, IV, and V were not detected. The majority of samples (n = 82, 80.4%) were identified as ERIC II, while the ERIC I genotype was confirmed only in 20 samples (19.6%). In contrast to other European countries, the ERIC II genotype is predominant in Czech honeybee colonies. The ERIC I genotype was mostly detected in border regions close to Poland, Slovakia, and Austria.

scholarly journals Intra-Colonial Viral Infections in Western Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Loreley Castelli ◽  
María Laura Genchi García ◽  
Anne Dalmon ◽  
Daniela Arredondo ◽  
Karina Antúnez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Bee Virus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bee Viruses

RNA viruses play a significant role in the current high losses of pollinators. Although many studies have focused on the epidemiology of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses at the colony level, the dynamics of virus infection within colonies remains poorly explored. In this study, the two main variants of the ubiquitous honey bee virus DWV as well as three major honey bee viruses (SBV, ABPV and BQCV) were analyzed from Varroa-destructor-parasitized pupae. More precisely, RT-qPCR was used to quantify and compare virus genome copies across honey bee pupae at the individual and subfamily levels (i.e., patrilines, sharing the same mother queen but with different drones as fathers). Additionally, virus genome copies were compared in cells parasitized by reproducing and non-reproducing mite foundresses to assess the role of this vector. Only DWV was detected in the samples, and the two variants of this virus significantly differed when comparing the sampling period, colonies and patrilines. Moreover, DWV-A and DWV-B exhibited different infection patterns, reflecting contrasting dynamics. Altogether, these results provide new insight into honey bee diseases and stress the need for more studies about the mechanisms of intra-colonial disease variation in social insects.

scholarly journals The Technical Efficiency of Local Action Groups: a Czech Republic Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Vrabková ◽  
Pavel Šaradín
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Action Groups

Local Action Groups (LAGs) represent a dynamic platform for inter-municipal cooperation in Europe. Their principal advantages include EU funding and the capacity to generate economic returns and stimulate the development of local communities. The methodology used for the evaluation of the performance of LAGs is defined by the EU on the one hand and by national authorities on the other. Furthermore, there are an entire array of evaluation tools and academic experiments available. The present paper does not aim at a comprehensive evaluation of LAGs, but instead only examines the technical efficiency of LAGs. Using the Czech Republic as an example, the paper introduces an evaluation tool to measure the technical efficiency of LAGs and describes how it can be applied. The adoption of this tool is seen as a means of improving one of the parameters of the performance of LAGs.

Self-employment in post-communist Eastern Europe: a refuge from poverty or road to riches?

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The One

Researchers analyzing self-employment in post-communist Eastern Europe have frequently adopted a “dualist” model which relegates the self-employed to marginal sectors of the economy. This paper challenges the dualist approach and argues that the self-employed cannot be regarded as refugees from poverty with few resources and few opportunities to earn high incomes and accumulate wealth. Data from the Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia are used to show that self-employment in post-communist Eastern Europe encompasses two distinct class locations: the individually self-employed on the one hand, whose socioeconomic status differs little from that of ordinary workers, and employers on the other, who receive incomes and possess assets far in excess of that of both the individually self-employed and ordinary workers. A proper understanding of the manner in which systems of stratification have changed in Eastern Europe thus requires that one acknowledge processes of differentiation among the self-employed as well as the importance of property ownership in generating new forms of social inequality in the post-communist period.

Two types of presidentialization in the party politics of Central Eastern Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vít Hloušek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The One ◽  
Governmental Politics

IntroduzioneCentral Eastern European party politics offers a good example of the trend towards centralizing internal party decision making, as well as encouraging strong personalities in the role of party leader. This trend is visible in all three major spheres of party activity: election campaigning, the internal organization of parties, and governmental politics. This paper focusses on the party systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia to demonstrate that there are actually two processes of presidentialization that occur in party politics. On the one hand, the role of the leader is gaining importance in more traditional, well-established parties such as the Civic and Social Democrats in the Czech Republic and Fidesz in Hungary. On the other hand, perhaps an even clearer presidentialization process is evident in the emergence of new protest parties focussed around strong personalities that often make no attempt to establish and maintain a more complex internal party organization.

scholarly journals Analysis of some dynamic series of forest production and trends of forest economics in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kupčák
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Economics ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Timber Sales ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
The One ◽  
Dynamic Series

Functions of wood production in forestry are historically determined by felling possibilities of forest resources. Revenues from timber sales create a financial space for silvicultural operations thus providing for management continuity. These determinations have however recently shown a rather negative trend of development due to the development of timber prices on the one hand and due to increasing inputs on the other hand, last but not least also due to the projections of near-natural forest management methods and increasing area under special management regimes. In their synergy, all these factors lead to economic impacts reflected not only in the profit of forest owners but also in economic results of other entities. The paper presents an analysis into the trends of forest management primary economic variables in the Czech Republic in the period from 1998−2004.

Nabídková strana lokalizace z pohledu českých měst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Sucháček ◽  
Eva Poledníková ◽  
Jaroslav Urminský
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
The One ◽  
Soft Factors ◽  
Spatially Differentiated

Location analyses usually assess urban and regional milieu from the perspective of investors. This demand side is rather important for location processes. Nonetheless, supply side embodying spatially differentiated location factors of particular territories is significant too. The objective of the article is to show factors that towns of the Czech Republic offer to potential investors on the one hand and factors that these towns deem as relevant for investors. The article leans upon the research that was accomplished in 2019. The whole text is supported by an extensive questionnaire survey. It is worth noticing location factors towns deem important for investors differ from these that are offered by towns to investors. Among the factors provided by individual towns to potential investors, so-called soft factors of location played a relevant role. This is compliant with contemporary modernisation tendencies shaping the qualities of space.

scholarly journals A Czech Story about the Social and Legal Protection of Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. p75
Author(s):  
Lukáš Stárek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Full Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

In the Czech Republic, aid to and protection of children in various life situations have a longstanding tradition. In identifying children who are growing up in situations of risk, as well as providing them with full support and assistance in gaining their rights, all who work them professionally in some aspects of their lives are obliged to participate. Along with social workers, these are mostly paediatricians and other doctor specialists, midwives, pre-school teachers, teachers, pedagogues, psychologists… When applying work, social workers need to possess many layers of knowledge and skills on the one hand, and practice thoughtful ethical behaviour on the other hand. The text brings information about the system in the Czech Republic and the view of the social workers themselves helping children.

scholarly journals Brand as an innovation—The case of Czech wine

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Jan Zavodny Pospisil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The Czech Republic is not a typical wine-growing country, yet winemaking and viticulture are among the oldest Czech crafts. Although the situation is slightly improving today, domestic wine production is not very preferred by Czech consumers since more than two-thirds of the wine that Czechs drink each year is imported. In the long term, the worst situation prevailed with the sales of a young wine. The cause was twofold: On the one hand, the market was already penetrated by imported Beaujolais nouveau, which became a synonym for the young wine. On the other, a peculiar Czechs’ taste for young wine was also an obstacle. As a young wine, many Czechs drink partially fermented must from grapevine fruits called “Burčák”. The young wine market was therefore seemingly penetrated with a low possibility of new brands entering it. The proposed case study will describe an ongoing campaign in which a new brand, “Svatomartinské víno”, was created. With this brand, it was possible to change the Czech consumers’ view of immature wines fundamentally. Thanks to the innovative branding approach, the product, which Czech consumers had neglected for many years, became a superior and must-have product for broad consumers. Also, the relationship between the brand and consumers has been established. The new brand has become a potential for many other related events. Last but not least, the consumption of domestic wine increased, which led to the support of local wineries and related regions.

scholarly journals Corporate social responsibility in mining industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2163-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gurská ◽  
Adriana Válová
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Core Country ◽  
The One ◽  
Corporate Social

This paper focuses on the comparison of corporate social responsibility in mining industry. It compares specific territorial areas of two different countries – one of them country that could be called as semi-periphery or even core country and the second one a periphery country. The first one is Czech Republic (Northern Bohemia area) and the second one is Zambia (Copperbelt area). CSR activities in Copperbelt have played primarily an ameliorative role in the context of significant social disruption and uncertainty in the wake of privatization. Some experts say there are still important gaps between mining companies’ CSR activities, on the one hand, and accountability and fairness, on the other. The CSR concept is relatively new in the Czech Republic – but more and more discussed and interesting for many firms. The Czech company “Severočeské doly” was one of the finalists of the national round of the competition “The European Corporate (Social) Responsibility Award” in 2007. The aim of this paper is to find the opportunities the companies working in this industry use, and how the system of CSR is developed. It analysis the areas they concentrate on in their CSR activities and compares it with theoretical concept. The comparison is based on secondary data as well as on personal experience of visiting both of these areas and companies.

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