scholarly journals Iota-Carrageenan Prevents the Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in a Human Respiratory Epithelium Cell Line in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Varese ◽  
Ana Paletta ◽  
Ana Ceballos ◽  
Carlos Adolfo Palacios ◽  
Juan Manuel Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Epithelium Cell ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Human Use

Iota-carrageenan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweeds, which, formulated into a nasal spray, has already been proven safe and effective in viral upper respiratory infections. In Calu-3, a human respiratory epithelium cell line, we explored the activity of a formula of iota-carrageenan and sodium chloride against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the assayed formula, already approved as a nasal spray for human use, effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a more substantial reference for clinical studies or developments.

scholarly journals Iota-carrageenan prevents the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on an in vitro respiratory epithelium model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Varese ◽  
Ana Ceballos ◽  
Carlos Palacios ◽  
Juan Manuel Figueroa ◽  
Andrea Vanesa Dugour
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractThere are, except for remdesivir, no approved antivirals for the treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Iota-carrageenan formulated into a nasal spray has already been proven safe and effective in viral respiratory infections. We explored this antiviral activity in Calu-3, a human respiratory model cell line. A formula of iota-carrageenan and sodium chloride, as a nasal spray, already approved for human use, effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, providing a more substantial reference for further clinical studies or developments.

scholarly journals Effects of Sucrose and Other Additives on In Vitro Growth and Development of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahanayake Nilanthi ◽  
Yue-Sheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Plant ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) is being used for the preparation of more than 240 extracts, salves, and tinctures to help cure diseases like rabies, cold, and upper respiratory infections. Hence, efforts were made to develop a culture medium for successful in vitro culturing of cornflower and to regenerate buds and induce roots to enable mass propagation of selected clones. Of the three levels of sucrose tested as a supplement to MS media (Murashige and Skoog’s medium, 1962) 3% showed better rooting of buds and appeared morphologically normal and identical as compared to those grown at higher and lower concentrations (2 and 4%). The additives hydrolyzed lactabumin (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), peptone (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1), and yeast (0.0, 100, 300, and 900 mgL−1) to media containing 0.3 mgL−1 BA (6-benzyladenine) and 0.01 mgL−1 NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid-plant growth regulators) has negatively influenced proliferation of shoots. The higher concentrations of the above have delayed the development of plantlets. Shoot multiplication was enhanced by coconut water with 2% being the best among 4 and 8% tested. Shoot organogenesis was not influenced by copper sulphate (0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mgL−1) and silver nitrate (0.0, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 mgL−1) supplements and at higher concentrations of the above inhibited plant growth.

Characterization of a spontaneously generated murine retinal pigmented epithelium cell line; a model for in vitro experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 347 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ranaei Pirmardan ◽  
Zahra-Soheila Soheili ◽  
Shahram Samiei ◽  
Hamid Ahmadieh ◽  
Seyed Javad Mowla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Retinal Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Epithelium Cell ◽  
Pigmented Epithelium

scholarly journals Influence of Preservation Solutions and Bile on a Human Bile Duct Epithelium Cell Line: An <i>In-Vitro</i> Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Philipp Stiegler ◽  
Ursula Mayrhauser ◽  
Sonja Koestenbauer ◽  
Bettina Leber ◽  
Katja Konrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
Duct Epithelium ◽  
Epithelium Cell ◽  
Preservation Solutions ◽  
Bile Duct Epithelium

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Gene Transfer to Human and Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Line by a Combinatorial Use of Recombinant Adeno- Associated Virus and Ultrasound or/and Microbubbles

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Zhi Zheng ◽  
Hong-Li Li ◽  
Lian-Fang Du ◽  
Hui-Ping Wang ◽  
Qing Gu
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Epithelium Cell

Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction has been utilized to deliver a drug/gene into cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This work was performed to investigate the feasibility of gene transfer to human retinal pigment epithelium cell line(ARPE-19) and rat retinal pigment epithelium cell line(RPE-J) by a combinatorial use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and ultrasound (US) or/and mi-crobubbles (MBs) and compare the difference between them. Different doses of serotype 2 rAAV encoding a enhanced green fluorescent protein (rAAV2-EGFP) gene and MBs was administered to ARPE-19 and RPE-J cells under different US conditions. Transfection efficiency and cell viability were assessed by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, trypan blue staining. The results indicated that US and MBs could respectively improve rAAV2mediated gene transfer to RPE-J cells, but neither US nor MBs could do so in ARPE- 19 cells. US plus MBs could significantly enhance rAAV2-mediated gene transfer to ARPE-19 cells, however, the same effects were not seen in RPE-J cells. These findings demonstrated it is not always coincident that US, MBs and US plus MBs exert the similar effects on gene transfer in vitro RPE cells. So, it is necessary to choose appropriate RPE cell line for the study of US or/and MBs-mediated rAAV gene transfer in retinal gene therapy.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipids Are Virulence Factors That Promote Early Infiltration of Primary Human Airway Epithelia by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3134-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Zulianello ◽  
Coralie Canard ◽  
Thilo Köhler ◽  
Dorothée Caille ◽  
Jean-Silvain Lacroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Host Cell Membrane ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Human Airway Epithelium

ABSTRACT The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised individuals. Bacterial adherence to the basolateral domain of the host cells and internalization are thought to participate in P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. However, the mechanism by which the pathogen initially modulates the paracellular permeability of polarized respiratory epithelia remains to be understood. To investigate this mechanism, we have searched for virulence factors secreted by P. aeruginosa that affect the structure of human airway epithelium in the early stages of infection. We have found that only bacterial strains secreting rhamnolipids were efficient in modulating the barrier function of an in vitro-reconstituted human respiratory epithelium, irrespective of their release of elastase and lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to previous reports, we document that P. aeruginosa was not internalized by epithelial cells. We further report that purified rhamnolipids, applied on the surfaces of the epithelia, were sufficient to functionally disrupt the epithelia and to promote the paracellular invasion of rhamnolipid-deficient P. aeruginosa. The mechanism involves the incorporation of rhamnolipids within the host cell membrane, leading to tight-junction alterations. The study provides direct evidence for a hitherto unknown mechanism whereby the junction-dependent barrier of the respiratory epithelium is selectively altered by rhamnolipids.

scholarly journals Novel Antiviral Prevents Viral Upper Respiratory Infections In Vitro and In Vivo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Esper ◽  
Matthew Dimaano ◽  
Daniel Popkin ◽  
Hisashi Fujioka ◽  
Pranab Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Bacteriotherapy for preventing recurrent upper respiratory infections in children: a real-world experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Ciprandi
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Recurrent upper respiratory infections (RURI) constitute a social problem for both their pharmaco-economic impact and the burden for the family. Bacteriotherapy could be an interesting preventive option. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of RURI in children. Design The study was designed as spontaneous, and was conducted in real-life seting. Globally, 80 children (40 males, mean age 5.26 (2.52) years) with RURI were enrolled. Children were treated with Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a: nasal spray 2 puffs per nostril twice/day for a week for 3 monthly courses. Number of URI, and school and work absences were evaluated and compared with the past year. Results Bacteriotherapy significantly halved the mean number of URI episodes being 5.98 (2.30) in the past year and 2.75 (2.43) after the treatment (p<0.0001). Bacteriotherapy also induced an over 35% reduction both in the number of school days and in the number of working days missed per month from 4.50 (2.81) to 2.80 (3.42) and from 2.33 (2.36) to 1.48 (2.16) respectively (p<0.0001). Conclusions This and real-life study provides the first evidence that Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB and Streptococcus oralis 89a nasal spray could be effective in preventing RURI in children.

scholarly journals For an Application of Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections - Acceptable Concentrations of a Protease Inhibitor Nafamostat and Ammonium Chloride for Direct Administration to the Respiratory Epithelium of Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Nakagomi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Many enveloped respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require host proteases for the infection, and in-vitro studies have demonstrated that protease inhibitors suppress viral infection. However, no application of inhibitors for the treatment of viral respiratory infections have been reported. This is because no method has been established to efficiently deliver inhibitors to the respiratory epithelium. This study explores methods to safely deliver a protease inhibitor nafamostat by assessing whether adverse effects occur when nafamostat is administered directly to the respiratory epithelium.To observe the effect of direct respiratory administration on organisms, inbred mice were intranasally administered the inhibitor solutions under anesthesia. 200µM nafamostat at 20µL/day for 1 week could be administered without any adverse effects. Since 1µM nafamostat is known to suppress the viral entry to cell in vitro, 200µM nafamostat is expected to show enough inhibitory effect also in mice.Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is also known to block the viral entry via endosome. The present study has demonstrated that 74mM NH4Cl could be also administered in the same manner. Since the NH4Cl solution at 50mM is known to efficiently suppress the entry of SARS-CoV-2 via endosome in vitro, NH4Cl may be also available to treat viral infection in vivo.Results of the present study encourage the research to apply nafamostat and also NH4Cl for the treatment of respiratory viral infection, including COVID-19.

scholarly journals In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of Nine Dermal Fillers on L929 Cell Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Cannella ◽  
Roberta Altomare ◽  
Vincenza Leonardi ◽  
Laura Russotto ◽  
Santina Di Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Human Use ◽  
L929 Cell Line

Objective. Biomaterial research for soft tissue augmentation is an increasing topic in aesthetic medicine. Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used for their low invasiveness and easy application to correct aesthetic defects or traumatic injuries. Some complications as acute or chronic inflammation can occur in patients following the injection. Biocompatibility assays are required for medical devices intended for human use, in order to prevent damages or injuries in the host. In this study, nine HA fillers were tested in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and their effects on L929 cell line, according to the UNI EN ISO 10993 regulation. Methods. Extracts were prepared from nine HA fillers, and MTS viability assay was performed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure of cells to extracts. Cells cultured with HA filler extracts were monitored for up to 72 h, counted, and stained with haematoxylin/eosin in order to evaluate the cell proliferation rate and morphology. Results. None of the filler tested showed a cytotoxic effect. Two samples showed a higher vitality percentage and higher cell number while two samples showed a lower vitality percentage and lower cell number at 72 h. Conclusion. Data obtained suggest that although examined fillers are not cytotoxic, they show different effects on the in vitro cell proliferation rate. In vitro studies of medical devices could lead to important implications since these could aid to predict effects about their in vivo application. These easy and rapid assays could be useful to test new materials intended for human use avoiding animal tests.

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