scholarly journals Expert Views on COVAX and Equitable Global Access to COVID-19 Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Manriquez Roa ◽  
Felicitas Holzer ◽  
Florencia Luna ◽  
Nikola Biller-Andorno
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Global Access ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Specific Barriers

Objectives: We face the impossibility of having enough COVID-19 vaccines for everyone in the near future. This study aims to contribute to the debate on equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines, tackling key ethical discussions and policy challenges regarding early phases of COVAX, the global cooperation mechanism for supporting fair vaccine allocation.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with twelve experts and a literature research on academic articles, media sources and public statements. We built a data analysis matrix and conducted a thematic analysis.Results: Our findings show, first, that interviewed experts who hold different views on vaccine allocation, including moderate nationalist perspectives, agree on joining a global cooperation mechanism. Second, incentives to join COVAX vary greatly among countries. Third, specific barriers to COVAX emerged in the early implementation phase. And fourth, countries might be trapped in a zero-sum game regarding the global vaccine supply.Conclusion: We present findings that enrich analyses of early phases of COVAX (April 2020–21), we introduce three ethical discussions that provide a common ground for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, and we highlight policy challenges.

System Validation on the Europa Clipper mission in Early Implementation Phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Srivastava ◽  
Ian Harris ◽  
Vantana Seth ◽  
Brent Shockley ◽  
Jeff Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Phase ◽  
System Validation ◽  
Early Implementation

scholarly journals Introducing the integrated, cross-sectional psycho-oncology intervention programme and PIM

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Examination Process

Abstract From the literature and experience, we know that the quality of patient information material (PIM) has a direct impact on its utilization and therefore also on the acceptance and success of an intervention. In this brief introduction session (10 minutes), the innovative “integrated, cross-sectional psycho-oncology” (isPO) programme and the context of its implementation will be sketched. In the programmés development phase, isPO specific-PIM was developed and utilized in its early implementation phase. This will be presented to the audience. Next, an overview regarding the general PIM quality criteria: correctness of content, legibility, comprehensibility and usability in detail will be given. Finally, common guidelines, checklists and quality assessment instruments will be presented, and the role of the target group (participation degree) in the development or examination process will be critically worked out.

scholarly journals Data Use Among Principals and Teachers: Divergent Paths or Common Ground?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Waheeb Albiladi ◽  
Kara Lasater ◽  
Ed Bengtson
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Central State ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
South Central ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study examines teachers’ and administrators’ use of data to inform their practice in one south-central state. Using a qualitative research approach, the study involved 76 educators representing eight school districts. Data were collected using focus groups with teachers and in-depth interviews with school principals. Data were inductively and deductively analyzed using multiple cycles of coding. Analysis of data revealed three themes that exposed differences in the use of data by teachers and administrators: the challenges of data use, the “levels” at which data are viewed (micro and macro lenses), and the value placed on formal and informal data. Findings suggest that by understanding the differences between teachers’ and administrators’ perspectives on data use and recognizing the common ground that unites their perspectives, schools can create data cultures that foster shared expectations, collaboration, and trust between teachers and administrators.

scholarly journals Policy Integration for REDD+: Insights from Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Jovanka Špirić ◽  
M. Isabel Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
International Funding ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Environmental Agencies

This paper investigates how the horizontal and vertical policy integration for REDD+ has been conceptualized and unfolded in Mexico during the REDD+ readiness and early implementation phase (2008–2019). We used the document analysis and interviews with key actors to identify changes that REDD+ induced in forestry and agriculture sectors’ policy making and programs at the national level and in two REDD+ states, Campeche and Jalisco. The policy integration for REDD+ in Mexico is conceptualized as compatibility-within-a-framework, i.e., promotes coordination and compromises among the objectives of land-use policies endorsing sustainable rural development. The state environmental agencies play an active role in involving the agricultural authorities in formal and informal interactions. This resulted in the design (Campeche) and even implementation (Jalisco) of REDD+-aligned programs and instruments. The progress at the subnational level is hampered by the national agriculture and forestry agencies’ policy inertia and lack of resources. To support the subnational REDD+ policy integration advancement, more resources and powers should be made available to the state environmental authorities which would help them directly reach more international funding and include other important REDD+ actors and establish mutually accountable relationships with them.

Morality, Emotions, and the Ideal Environmentalist: Toward A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Political Polarization

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110562
Author(s):  
Emily H. Kennedy ◽  
Parker Muzzerall
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Moral Worth ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Ideal

Americans are politically polarized in their views on environmental protection, and scholars have identified structural and cultural drivers of this polarity. Missing from these theories is a consideration of the emotional dynamics at play in environmentally relevant interactions between liberals and conservatives. Based on analyses of in-depth interviews conducted with 63 politically and socioeconomically diverse residents of four communities in Washington State, we find evidence of important common ground across the political spectrum. Our participants voice support and respect for environmental protection and convey a shared image of an ideal environmentalist: a conscious, caring, and committed individual who seeks to reduce their personal environmental impact. We see political differences arise when our participants evaluate their own relationship with the environment against this ideal environmentalist. Liberals are more likely to align with or admire the ideal environmentalist and conservatives are more likely to challenge or denigrate the ideal. Emotions and competing claims for moral worth, we suggest, play a role in making these political differences polarizing.

Digital Television Transition in South Africa

2014 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Blessing Mbatha
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Global Access ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter examines possible obstacles to the adoption of digital television in South Africa. A qualitative approach was followed by conducting in-depth interviews with key informants. The data was analyzed using open coding, where dominant themes from the discussions were identified and discussed in detail. This chapter intends to outline the importance of digital readiness from digital television perspective as a platform for universal disposal of digital information to both the citizenry and business entities. In order to do that, the chapter discusses digital migration with a focus to improving e-Government development of promoting global access to government information.The findings show that there are a few challenges in migrating from analogue to digital television in South Africa. From this study, it is evidently shown that the emerging digital television platforms have a lot of potential to be used as a vehicle for e-Government applications.

Implementing integrated care pilot projects in hospital settings – an exploration of disruptive practices

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mansfield ◽  
Jane Sandercock ◽  
Penny Dowedoff ◽  
Sara Martel ◽  
Michelle Marcinow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Integrated Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Care Practices

PurposeIn Canada, integrated care pilot projects are often implemented as a local reform strategy to improve the quality of patient care and system efficiencies. In the qualitative study reported here, the authors explored the experiences of healthcare professionals when first implementing integrated care pilot projects, bringing together physical and mental health services, in a community hospital setting.Design/methodology/approachEngaging a qualitative descriptive study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 healthcare professionals who discussed their experiences with implementing three integrated care pilot projects one year following project launch. The thematic analysis captured early implementation issues and was informed by an institutional logics framework.FindingsThree themes highlight disruptions to established logics reported by healthcare professionals during the early implementation phase: (1) integrated care practices increased workload and impacted clinical workflows; (2) integrating mental and physical health services altered patient and healthcare provider relationships; and (3) the introduction of integrated care practices disrupted healthcare team relations.Originality/valueStudy findings highlight the importance of considering existing logics in healthcare settings when planning integrated care initiatives. While integrated care pilot projects can contribute to organizational, team and individual practice changes, the priorities of healthcare stakeholders, relational work required and limited project resources can create significant implementation barriers.

scholarly journals Recurriculating to a problem-based learning curriculum: The WITS experience

Curationis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Mc Inerney
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Traditional Curriculum ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Planning Phase ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Informal Evaluation

The reasons for changing from a traditional curriculum to a problem- based learning curriculum are outlined. The process used in preparing for this change is described. The planning phase made use of workshops, core committees and international workshops and visits. Preparation of the necessary resources are enumerated, as are the preparation of the human resources with which the department is affiliated. The early implementation phase describes some of the problems which were encountered and the solutions which were ascribed. Finally an informal evaluation of the first experiences of problem-based learning is presented.

scholarly journals Barriers to Early Utilization of Palliative Care in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Massimo Romanò
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Main Indication ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Early Phases

Palliative care is indicated in patients with heart failure since the early phases of the disease, as suggested by international guidelines. However, patients are referred to palliative care very late. Many barriers could explain the gap between the guidelines’ indications and clinical practice. The term palliative is perceived as a stigma by doctors, patients, and family members because it is charged with negative meanings, a poor prognosis, and no hope for improvement. Many authors prefer the term supportive care, which could facilitate a discussion between doctors, patients, and caregivers. There is substantial variation and overlap in the meanings assigned to these two terms in the literature. Prognosis, as the main indication to palliative care, delays its implementation. It is necessary to modify this paradigm, moving from prognosis to patients’ needs. The lack of access to palliative care programs is often due to a lack of palliative care specialists and this shortage will be greater in the near future. In this study, a new model is proposed to integrate early over the course of the disease the palliative care (PC) specialist in the heart failure team, allowing to overcome the barriers and to achieve truly simultaneous care in the treatment of heart failure (HF) patients.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Approach for Assessing Resiliency in Supply Chains

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Nikookar ◽  
Josu Takala ◽  
Daniel Sahebi ◽  
Jussi Kantola
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Automotive Supply Chain ◽  
Automotive Supply ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The ultimate goal of this study is to develop a comprehensive and competitive management system to enhance resilience capability of supply chains. In addition, the study aims to identify and eliminate barriers affecting resilience by identifying the factors may cause trouble in the near future. The theoretical framework was established to summarize the significant finding in the area of resilient supply chain and as a guideline for the empirical part. A qualitative approach based on multi criteria decision making process has been adopted in order to gather data through in-depth interviews. The developed method to evaluate resilience capability through supply chains piloted in a sample of five companies involved in an automotive supply chain.

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