scholarly journals Weed Ecology and New Approaches for Management

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Anna Kocira ◽  
Mariola Staniak

The rich biodiversity of agricultural fields and their surroundings enhances natural ecosystems and has a positive impact on their productivity and resistance, e [...]

Author(s):  
V. Getman

The basis for preserving ecological balance and rational use of natural landscapes is the formation of a system of protected areas and objects. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, on the large areas naturally develop radical forests (virgin forests), the habitats of the bear, wolf, and many rare species of plants are preserved. Thus, the natural ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians in the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine are the most represented. The consequence of increasingly global anthropogenic influence became a global phenomenon of fragmentation (decomposition) of the natural landscapes. One of relatively preserved natural variety is the areas of the national park “Verkhovynskyi”. The National Park “Verkhovynskyi” is a very important centre of the natural and cultural diversity of Ukraine. The main representative of the flora in the region is spruce common. Shrubberies on the territory of the Chyvchyn Mountains are represented by thickets of mountain pine. The biological value of the territory of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” is largely determined by the uniqueness of the high-altitude spruce forests. In the park, the animal world is rich and varied. Its biological uniqueness of its territory is largely determined by local landscape diversity. The landscape structure of the park area is the result of long-term interaction of the main landscape-factor factors: geological-geomorphological, hydro-climatic and biotic. The leading role belongs to the geological and geomorphological properties of the territory, which determine the climatic characteristics, the regime of humidification, distribution of biota and soil cover. The dominant position in the structure of landscapes is the high-altitude terrain of the steep-sloping erosion-denudation forest middle mountains. In contact with the Peneplainized highlands, the area has an island distribution in the form of mid-mountain spurs of the main ridge. Characteristic are tracts of convex crests of spurs, saddles and steep slopes. The historical and cultural value of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” district is based on the rich events of the history of the region. The territory of Verkhovyna district is the heart of Hutsulshchyna, and its centre is the village Verkhovyna. The successful operation of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” will be a major impetus for the tourist development of the Verkhovyna district. The orientation of the national natural park for the development of recreational activities will increase the number of tourists, will create additional demand for accommodation and food services that will be provided by the local population. Development of the tourism infrastructure of the park will give an impetus to the restoration and full functioning of the former and the creation of new settlements. Particular attention should be paid to laying the network of roads and tourist routes and their improvement. The scientific value of the territory of the NP “Verkhovynskyi” is high, which lies in the unique ability to study local natural ecosystems that are very close to natural or reference. The article analyzes in detail the natural peculiarity of the national park, and, to the extent possible volume of the article – unusually rich landscape and recreational resources (in particular, humanistic, historical, cultural, etc.) of its territory.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chatterjeea ◽  
Paramita Mandala ◽  
Sudipto Mandal ◽  
Soumendranath Chatterjeec

Incessant application of chemical fertilizers to the agricultural fields may alter the composition and activities of soil microbiota. Thus, the shift of cultivation practices from chemical to organic is considered to be the need of the hour in order to maintain soil health. A study was conducted in the agricultural fields of the University of Burdwan, India to observe the impact of organic manure on rhizosphere bacterial community. The experiments were conducted on maize plants, supplemented with the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and organic manure (vermicompost and cow dung mixture). Corresponding changes in the plant phenological events and soil health in terms of soil physico-chemical factors and rhizosphere bacterial groups up to the level of CFU g-1× 105 dry soil were noted.The results showed a significant increase in population of nitrifying bacteria, asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and protein hydrolysing bacteria in the organically treated plots. Moreover, the organic manure increases the bacterial population of rhizosphere, which in turn has a positive impact on maize growth and yield. The growth of the three groups of bacteria was attributed to the type of organic manure supplied to the agricultural fields.In addition, strong correlation was observed between Zn and protein hydrolysing bacteria. The soil organic carbon and available nitrogen were strongly correlated with nitrifying, fat solubilizing and phosphate solubilizing groups of bacteria.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Orr ◽  
Susan Jack ◽  
Wendy Sword ◽  
Sandra Ireland ◽  
Lois Ostolosky

Infertility and its associated treatments, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), can have a profound impact on the emotional health and well-being of women desiring to become mothers. Researchers have measured the impact of infertility and described the experience of infertility and its treatment, leaving the rich descriptions of the IVF experience as captured in women’s blogs to be explored. This discourse analysis describes the blogging practices of women undergoing IVF, exploring both the content and function of the IVF blog discourse. Data were collected from the text of seven women’s blogs (n=1,149 blog posts) and resulted in four main functions of the discourse: creation of and connection to a community, emotional support, blogging as therapy, and creation of an IVF resource. Findings suggest that blogging can have a positive impact on the psychosocial consequences experienced by women in fertility treatment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P Christoff ◽  
Aline FR Sereia ◽  
Camila Hernandes ◽  
Luiz FV de Oliveira

Microorganisms are widely distributed all over the Earth, inhabiting very diverse natural ecosystems, from the human body to inanimate indoor environments. Until recently, the methods most commonly used to study microbes have been culture-dependent approaches relying on the phenotypic evaluation of isolates that can grow in laboratory conditions. Given the advances in molecular biology and high-throughput DNA sequencing methodologies, scientists could expand their microbiome knowledge to microorganisms that do not grow well in the laboratory or have been considered too difficult and laborious to be cultivated. Culture-independent methods such as direct DNA sequencing can be performed for many samples at once, revealing the entire microbial profile of the samples and making possible the rapid characterization of the whole environmental microbiome. Investigating the microbiome profile of indoor environments such as hospitals, houses, offices and other buildings is of major concern because it could include a number of opportunistic, pathogenic or nosocomial microbes. Additionally, these environments could serve as reservoirs of virulence or antimicrobial resistance, which could be spread by humans or other vectors. High-throughput DNA sequencing has enabled large-scale microbiome screening for multiple indoor areas in a single analysis. Using this approach, we can easily track microorganisms in the environment and monitor microbiome composition related to hygiene processes or environment quality. Gaining such information and resolution regarding indoor microbiome analysis can lend very important assistance for epidemiological surveillance. Impact statement Research concerning the microbiome of indoor environments like hospitals, houses or buildings could have several implications for human health. Today, there is an ongoing shift in the paradigm of microbial analysis, from single isolated bacterial samples to entire microbiome profiles using high-throughput DNA sequencing methods. The use of sequencing methods in several studies has revealed an unprecedented microbial diversity in indoor environments, leading to a larger comprehension of the entire microbiome context. Here, we present a review of these microbiome studies using high-throughput DNA sequencing, including some new approaches and ideas that can be broadly applied in microbial tracking and epidemiological surveillance of indoor environments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Yu ◽  
Timothy J. Griffis ◽  
John M. Baker

AbstractThe response of highly productive croplands at northern mid-latitudes to climate change is a primary source of uncertainty in the global carbon cycle, and a concern for future food production. We present a decadal time series (2007 to 2019) of hourly CO2 concentration measured at a very tall tower in the United States Corn Belt. Analyses of this record, with other long-term data in the region, reveal that warming has had a positive impact on net CO2 uptake during the early crop growth stage, but has reduced net CO2 uptake in both croplands and natural ecosystems during the peak growing season. Future increase in summer temperature is projected to reduce annual CO2 sequestration in the Corn Belt by 10–20%. These findings highlight the dynamic control of warming on cropland CO2 exchange and crop yields and challenge the paradigm that warming will continue to favor CO2 sequestration in northern mid-latitude ecosystems.


2015 ◽  
pp. 1571-1591
Author(s):  
Amy Eguchi

The chapter introduces a case of an educational robotics competition promoting global collaboration among participating students. Educational robotics is a learning tool that promotes the skills for collaboration and teamwork among students (Eguchi, 2007a, 2007b; Miller, Nourbakhsh, & Sigwart, 2008) through hands-on learning. When RoboCupJunior, an educational robotics competition, noticed some students becoming aggressively competitive at its annual World Championship, the organizers of the event decided to take measures to restructure its competition scheme in order to promote global collaboration among participating students. The chapter provides detailed information about the competition and its efforts to promote global collaboration among participating teams. In addition, although it is still in the early stages, the chapter shares anecdotal accounts of both participating students and organizers that confirm the positive impact the new approaches to competition has already had on encouraging collaboration among participating students.


PMLA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Herrera-Sobek

The Rio Grande Valley, also known as the Magic Valley, is situated in the southeastern tip of Texas, circumscribed on the east by the Gulf of Mexico and on the south by the Rio Grande and the Mexican borderlands. Here, among the tall, green, swaying palm trees, the short, squatty mesquite trees, and the endless rows of verdant agricultural fields, Gloria Anzaldúa grew up in the 1940s and 1950s. The Magic Valley has produced a series of distinguished scholars, poets, and novelists, including Rolando Hinojosa-Smith, the Saldivar clan (Sonia Saldivar-Hull, Ramon Saldivar, and José Saldivar), Américo Paredes, and of course Anzaldúa. Although I do not claim the same stature as the above luminaries, I too grew up in the Rio Grande Valley in the 1940s and 1950s, in a tiny town called Rio Hondo, population 701, which is but a few miles from Hargill, Texas, where Anzaldúa was born (1942) and raised. It is from this personal perspective, of one who grew up in the rich farmlands of the Magic Valley and experienced the economic and sociohistorical context of the era, that I propose to discuss Anzaldúa's Borderlands / La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987). Specifically, I focus on the sense of place, race, language, and sexuality that characterized the area and Anzaldúa's brilliant insights in the narrative she wove and reconfigured in the pages of Borderlands.


2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1640004
Author(s):  
Will Donovan

This paper discusses recent new approaches to studying flopping curves on 3-folds. In a joint paper [Noncommutative deformation and flops, Duke Math. J. 165(8) (2016) 1397–1414], the author and Wemyss introduced a 3-fold invariant, the contraction algebra, which may be associated to such curves. It characterizes their geometric and homological properties in a unified manner, using the theory of noncommutative deformations. Toda has now clarified the enumerative significance of the contraction algebra for flopping curves, calculating its dimension in terms of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants [Noncommutative width and Gopakumar–Vafa invariants, Manuscripta Math. 148(3–4) (2015) 521–533]. Before reviewing these results, and others, the author gives a brief introduction to the rich geometry of flopping curves on 3-folds, starting from the resolutions of Kleinian surface singularities. This is based on a talk given at VBAC 2014 in Berlin.


2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stotten

Abstract. Within the research field of landscape perception new approaches have been developed and applied on different scales in Switzerland. Agriculture still has a huge impact on the appearance of cultural landscape. The project Kulturlandschaft gemeinsam verstehen investigates the perception among farmers and is focusing on regional differences. Therefore problem-centred interviews have been conducted in two case study areas during an on-site walk with farmers. Regarding the theory of landscape socialisation participative and mediation processes in the realm of landscape values have been considered. The results point out a differentiated perception of cultural landscape within the two case study areas and show that an active inclusion of farmers has a positive impact on the landscape perception.


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