scholarly journals Nitrogen Dynamics in Tropical Soils Treated with Liquid and Granular Urea Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Ahmmed Md Motasim ◽  
Abd Wahid Samsuri ◽  
Arina Shairah Abdul Sukor ◽  
Amin Mohd Adibah
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Total N ◽  
Leaching Loss

The mineralization of urea fertilizer mostly regulates the nitrogen dynamics in the soil. A laboratory-scale study was conducted to compare the nitrogen dynamics in two tropical soil series incubated with either liquid urea (LU) or granular urea (GU) at 0, 300, 400 or 500 mg/kg of soil. The soils samples used in the experiment were the Bungor and Selangor soil series which have a sandy clay loam and clay texture, respectively. The NH4+-N, NO3−-N concentration in the soils were measured for four weeks to determine the urea-N mineralization while ten pore volumes of water were used for the NH4+-N and NO3−-N leaching loss. At the same application rate, higher NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations were recorded in the LU applied soils throughout the incubation period in case of N mineralization. Urea-N recovery was higher in GU than LU treated soils in the first two weeks while no urea-N was present in both GU and LU treated soils after the third week of incubation. The leaching of N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N) was higher in GU treated soils than that of LU and leaching was increased with increased application rate in both LU and GU in both soils. The NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations were higher in the Selangor soil whereas the total N leaching loss was higher in Bungor soil. The results suggest that the LU was a better N fertilizer source than GU for rapid mineralization, quicker N availability and lower N leaching loss.

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Leaching and Nitrogen Balance under Differing Nitrogen Fertilization for Sugarcane Cultivation on a Subtropical Island

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Ken Okamoto ◽  
Shinkichi Goto ◽  
Toshihiko Anzai ◽  
Shotaro Ando
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Fertilizer application during sugarcane cultivation is a main source of nitrogen (N) loads to groundwater on small islands in southwestern Japan. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of reducing the N fertilizer application rate on sugarcane yield, N leaching, and N balance. We conducted a sugarcane cultivation experiment with drainage lysimeters and different N application rates in three cropping seasons (three years). N loads were reduced by reducing the first N application rate in all cropping seasons. The sugarcane yields of the treatment to which the first N application was halved (T2 = 195 kg ha−1 N) were slightly lower than those of the conventional application (T1 = 230 kg ha−1 N) in the first and third seasons (T1 = 91 or 93 tons ha−1, T2 = 89 or 87 tons ha−1). N uptake in T1 and T2 was almost the same in seasons 1 (186–188 kg ha−1) and 3 (147–151 kg ha−1). Based on the responses of sugarcane yield and N uptake to fertilizer reduction in two of the three years, T2 is considered to represent a feasible fertilization practice for farmers. The reduction of the first N fertilizer application reduced the underground amounts of N loads (0–19 kg ha−1). However, application of 0 N in the first fertilization would lead to a substantial reduction in yield in all seasons. Reducing the amount of N in the first application (i.e., replacing T1 with T2) improved N recovery by 9.7–11.9% and reduced N leaching by 13 kg ha−1. These results suggest that halving the amount of N used in the first application can improve N fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N loss to groundwater.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrick D. Lentz ◽  
Gary A. Lehrsch
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Low Rate

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha−1) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.

scholarly journals Cyclic Sprinkler Irrigation and Pre-irrigation Substrate Water Content Affect Water and N Leaching from Containers

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
Nabila S. Karam ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Continuous Application

Abstract A series of sprinkler irrigation experiments were conducted to determine the influences of water application rate (WAR), pre-irrigation substrate water content (PSWC), and cyclic irrigation on water and N leaching from container-grown plants. Prior to experiments, Marigold (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Apollo’), were glass house-grown in pine bark-filled 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers. Prior to treatment, substrate was dried via evapotranspiration (ET) to targeted PSWCs. A simulated overhead irrigation system applied the daily water allotment in a single continuous application or cyclically (multiple applications); in most cases the respective ET volumes were applied to the substrate. Water application efficiency (WAE; water vol retained in substrate + water vol applied to substrate) was determined, and in some experiments, leachates were analyzed for EC, NO3-N and NH4-N. A negative linear relationship existed between WAR and WAE. Leachate NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations were unaffected by WAR, however, total N leached increased with increasing WAR. WAE of cyclic irrigation was 4% higher (absolute basis) than with continuous irrigation; WAE increased as the time interval between cyclic applications increased from 20 to 60 min. Regardless of how water was applied, WAE was inversely related to PSWC and application volume. These experiments showed that the most effective method to increase WAE is to irrigate at relatively low PSWCs; if irrigation occurs at relatively high PSWCs, then relatively low volumes should be applied.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Leaching from Cypress Wood Chips

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1388-1391
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Thomas H. Yeager ◽  
Diane Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Columns (4 × 15 cm) of incubated (25C, 7% volumetric moisture) milled cypress [Taxodium distichum (L.) L. Rich] wood chips received 180 mg of each ionic form of N applied to the surface from dry NH4NO3, KNO3, or (NH4)2SO4 and were leached daily with 16 ml deionized water (pH 5.5). After 10 days, >85% of applied N leached from the columns in all treatments. After 25 days, all N leached from the NH4NO3 and KNO3 treatments, and 93% leached from the (NH4)2SO4 treatment. In subsequent experiments, columns received 360 mg N from NH4NO3 and were leached daily with either 16, 32, 48, or 64 ml of deionized water for 50 days. The rate of N leaching increased with increasing water application rate, although total N leached per column was similar for all water rates after 25 days. Columns that received 45, 90, 180, or 360 mg N/column were leached daily with 16 ml of deionized water. Nitrogen concentrations in the leachate ranged from 3406 ppm \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} and 2965 ppm \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{4}^{+}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} at day 5 for the 360-mg rate to 3 and 5 ppm, respectively, at day 35 for the 45-mg rate. In all experiments with NH4NO3, more \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} leached than \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{4}^{+}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} and more \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} leached than applied, indicating vitrification occurred. \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{4}^{+}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{N}\) \end{document} broadcast over cypress wood chips in the landscape would leach quickly into the soil.

Nitrogen mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien N'Dayegamiye ◽  
Raynald Royer ◽  
Pierre Audesse
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
High Maturity ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Interesting Alternative

The real contribution of composts to N availability depends on their characteristics and maturity. A laboratory incubation experiment (140 d) was conducted parallel to a greenhouse study (330 d) in a split-split-plot design, with, respectively, two peat rates (0, 20 gkg−1 soil), five manure composts and four compost rates (0, 250, 500 and 750 gkg−1 soil). Compost N mineralization, orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerata L.) yield and N uptake were measured. Total amount of mineralized N and yields and N uptake for six cuts of orchardgrass varied significantly with the type of composts and rate. Peat addition temporarily decreased compost N mineralization rate but significantly increased orchardgrass yields and N uptake as compared to peatless treatments. Mineralized N represented <3% of total N, whereas N uptake by orchardgrass represented 13–40% of total N among composts. This low mineralized N value compared to total N and total N uptake was due to a high maturity of the composts studied. This was shown by high humic acid: fulvic acid fraction ratios (3.1 to 4.8) and low nonhumic fraction:humic acid+fulvic acid ratios (0.10 to 0.12), as well as low C/N ratios, high bulk density, high ash content, pH, NO3-N and CEC values. Even if peat addition decreased mineralized N basically due to temporary N immobilization, its application significantly increased yields and N uptake probably by improving physical conditions in soil-manure compost mixtures. Peat addition to mature manure composts should be considered as an interesting alternative for horticultural plants sensitive to high NO3-N content from mature composts. Key word: Manure composts, peat, N mineralization, N availability, humification ratios or indexes, yields, orchardgrass

scholarly journals Use of Digestate as Organic Amendment and Source of Nitrogen to Vegetable Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Carmo Horta ◽  
João Paulo Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ni Addition ◽  
Stable Organic Matter

Anaerobic digestion is a valuable process to use livestock effluents to produce green energy and a by-product called digestate with fertilising value. This work aimed at evaluating the fertilising value of the solid fraction (SF) of a digestate as an organic amendment and as a source of nitrogen to crops replacing mineral N. A field experiment was done with two consecutive vegetable crops. The treatments were: a control without fertilisation; Ni85 mineral fertilisation with 85 kg ha−1 of mineral N; fertiliser with digestate at an increasing nitrogen application rate (kg N ha−1): DG-N85 DG-N170, DG-N170+85, DG-N170+170; fertilisation with digestate together with Ni: DG-N85+Ni60, DG-N170+Ni60, DG-N170+Ni25. The results showed a soil organic amendment effect of the SF with a beneficial effect on SOM, soil pH and exchangeable bases. The SF was able to replace part of the mineral N fertilisation. The low mineralisation of the stable organic matter together with some immobilisation of mineral N from SF caused low N availability. The fertilisation planning should consider the SF ratio between the organic N (NO) and total N (TKN). Low NO:TKN ratios (≈0.65) needed lower Ni addition to maintaining the biomass production similar to the mineral fertilisation.

scholarly journals High Carbon Amendments Increase Nitrogen Retention in Soil After Slurry Application—an Incubation Study with Silty Loam Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Cao ◽  
Rüdiger Reichel ◽  
Holger Wissel ◽  
Sirgit Kummer ◽  
Nicolas Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractExcess nitrogen (N) after animal slurry application is a persistent problem of intensive agriculture, with consequences such as environmental pollution by ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. High-carbon organic soil amendments (HCAs) with a large C:N ratio have shown the potential of mitigating unintended N losses from soil. To reduce gaseous and leaching N losses after the application of slurry, a laboratory incubation study was conducted with silt loam soil. We tested the potential of three different types of HCA—wheat straw, sawdust, and leonardite (application rate 50 g C L−1 slurry for each of the three HCAs)—to mitigate N loss after amendment of soil with pig and cattle slurry using two common application modes (slurry and HCA mixed overnight with subsequent addition to soil vs. sequential addition) at an application rate equivalent to 80 kg N ha−1. Compared to the control with only soil and slurry, the addition of leonardite reduced the NH3 emissions of both slurries by 32–64%. Leonardite also reduced the total N2O emissions by 33–58%. Wheat straw reduced N2O emissions by 40–46%, but had no effect on NH3 emission. 15 N labeling showed that the application of leonardite was associated with the highest N retention in soil (24% average slurry N recovery), followed by wheat straw (20% average slurry N recovery). The mitigation of N loss was also observed for sawdust, although the effect was less consistent compared with leonardite and wheat straw. Mixing the slurry and HCA overnight tended to reduce N losses, although the effect was not consistent across all treatments. In conclusion, leonardite improved soil N retention more effectively than wheat straw and sawdust.

Short-term nitrogen dynamics in a soil amended with anaerobic digestate

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharifi ◽  
Scott Baker ◽  
Leila Hojabri ◽  
Monireh Hajiaghaei-Kamrani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Total N ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Mineralizable N

The co-product of anaerobic digestion, digestate, is nitrogen (N) rich; however, the forms and accessibility of this N by the crops have not been fully explored. This study aimed to determine the mineralization parameters of digestate N and to assess its availability for annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Four digestate rates of 0 (control), 38, 75, and 150 mg N kg−1 soil (equal to 0, 90, 180, and 360 kg total N ha−1) were applied to a silty clay loam soil in a completely randomized block design with four replications in a greenhouse study. A 100 d aerobic incubation experiment was also conducted with 0 and 150 mg digestate N kg−1 rates at 25 °C. Digestate feedstock included cattle manure (28%), hay (15%), and silage corn (Zea mays L.; 57%). Total plant biomass and N uptake increased linearly with digestate application rate with average apparent N recovery of 37%. Potentially mineralizable N (N0) and mineralizable N rate constant (k) were not significantly different in digestate and control treatments; however, a flush of digestate organic N (30 mg N kg−1) released right after mixing the digestate with soil. Evidences of N immobilization with digestate application were observed in greenhouse study. Majority of plant-available digestate N was in form of NH4+-N; therefore, NH4+-N can be used for estimation of available digestate N for crops. Results need to be validated for specific feedstock and soil properties under field conditions. Further research is needed to assess how long-term build-up of digestate organic N may impact the N availability for crops.

scholarly journals Depolymerization and mineralization – investigating N availability by a novel <sup>15</sup>N tracing model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Andresen ◽  
Anna-Karin Björsne ◽  
Samuel Bodé ◽  
Leif Klemedtsson ◽  
Pascal Boeckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
15N Pool Dilution ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Rate Limiting

Abstract. Depolymerization of soil organic matter such as proteins and peptides into monomers (e.g. amino acids) is currently thought to be the rate limiting step for N availability in terrestrial N cycles. The mineralization of free amino acids (FAA), liberated by depolymerization of peptides, is an important fraction of the total N mineralization. Accurate assessment 10 of peptide depolymerization and FAA mineralization rates is important in order to gain a better understanding of the N cycle dynamics. Due to the short time span, soil disturbance and unnatural high FAA content during the first few hours after the labelling with the traditional 15N pool dilution experiments, analytical models might overestimate peptide depolymerization rate. In this paper, we present an extended numerical 15N tracing model Ntrace which incorporates the FAA pool and related N processes in order to 1) provide a more robust and coherent estimation of production and mineralization rates of FAAs; 2) 15 and 2) suggest an amino acid N use efficiency (NUEFAA) for soil microbes, which is a more realistic estimation of soil microbial NUE compared to the NUE estimated by analytical methods. We compare analytical and numerical approaches for two forest soils; suggest improvements of the experimental work for future studies; and conclude that: i) FAA mineralization might be as equally an important rate limiting step for gross N mineralization as peptide depolymerization rate is, because about half of all depolymerized peptide N is consecutively being mineralized; and that ii) FAA mineralization and FAA 20 immobilization rates should be used for assessing NUEFAA.

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