scholarly journals The Optimal Concentration of KH2PO4 Enhances Nutrient Uptake and Flower Production in Rose Plants via Enhanced Root Growth

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Xinghong Wang ◽  
Weijie Yuan ◽  
Hongliang Tang ◽  
Mingbao Luan
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Monopotassium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Monopotassium phosphate is a widely used phosphorus and potassium fertiliser for ornamental plants, but it is not known what concentration will result in optimal flower production, root growth and nutrient uptake of rose plants. We compared potted rose plants fertilised with six different concentrations (0.0 as a water-only control, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g·L−1) of an aqueous monopotassium phosphate solution as a combination of foliar and soil applications over two consecutive flowering cycles. Rose growth, flower production and nutrient accumulation responded differently to fertilisation with different concentrations of monopotassium phosphate. During the first flowering cycle, shoot and root dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, flower diameter, total root length and surface area, and total fine root length significantly increased in response to increased monopotassium phosphate concentrations from 0.0 to 3.0 g·L−1 but decreased in response to fertilisation with 4.0 or 5.0 g·L−1 monopotassium phosphate. Similar trends were observed in shoot dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, flower diameter and number, phosphorus and potassium accumulation during the second flowering cycle. According to quadratic equations derived from both flowering cycles, the optimal concentration of monopotassium phosphate, based on flower diameter and dry weight, as well as total phosphorus and potassium accumulation, was 2.6–3.0 g·L−1. Furthermore, total root length was significantly correlated with flower diameter, flower dry weight, and total phosphorus and potassium accumulation (p < 0.05). These results indicated that fertilisation with optimal concentrations of monopotassium phosphate can increase rose growth, flower productivity and nutrient uptake through enhanced root growth.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VII. Relationships between yield and P uptake in two accessions of white clover

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
DC Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
P Application

Lack of data on root growth and relationships between root parameters and P uptake are major limitations to understanding and modelling P efficiency in crop and forage plants. An experiment was conducted whereby two accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens, Chiswick and Ladino) were grown in pots in a P deficient soil fertilized with a low (P5 [kg ha-1]) or high (P40) P application rate. Plants were harvested at 10, 16, 22, 28, 34 and 40 days after transplanting and tops harvested and roots recovered from the pots. Detailed measures of root members were made at 10, 16 and 22 days and these correlated with P uptake. Dry weight of tops of accessions was the same between the two rates of P until day 28. At 40 days, the tops yield of Ladino was higher than Chiswick at P40. Root dry weight increased with increasing P application rate and time from day 16 onwards. Significant differences in root growth only occurred at the 16 and 34 day harvests at P5. Ladino tended to have a greater mean P uptake over time than did Chiswick at both P levels. P uptake was found to be positively correlated with shoot and root dry weight, root length, root number, root volume and surface area, and negatively correlated with mean root diameter and mean length per root. Root extension rate at low P in Ladino was greater than that in Chiswick, which may explain the greater P uptake by Ladino at low P at later harvests in this experiment. The changes in length, diameter and number of roots in the two accessions examined in this study, with time, in response to P, reflect some form of coordination. Chiswick tended to produce many short roots whilst Ladino fewer long roots. Only small differences in P uptake per unit root length were measured, which suggest that total root length or root extension rate is the primary determinant of total P uptake in these accessions of white clover.

scholarly journals Peroxidase and lipid peroxidation of soybean roots in response to p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Minatovicz F. Doblinski ◽  
Maria de Lourdes L. Ferrarese ◽  
Domitila A. Huber ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acids ◽  
Soybean Roots

The scope of the present study was to investigate how the p-coumaric (p-CA) and p-hydroxybenzoic (p-HD) acids affect the peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity, the lipid peroxidation (LP) and the root growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution containing p-CA or p-HD (0.1 to 1 mM) for 48 h. After uptake, both compounds (at 0.5 and 1 mM) decreased root length (RL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) while increased soluble POD activity, cell wall (CW)-bound POD activity (with 1 mM p-CA and 0.5 mM p-HD) and LP.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN KADAR KLOROFIL DAUN Acacia mangium PADA LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG TIMAH DI PULAU BANGKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Robika Robika ◽  
Eka Sari
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Tin-mined land has sandy characteristics (more than 95%), is very porous, low KTK, acidic pH and nutrient poor. Revegetation programs have been carried out to improve soil fertility using local and exotic species (Acacia mangium). Rapid growth, tolerance to various environmental conditions and high economic value are the reasons for choosing A. mangium as a revegetation plant. This study aims to analyze the growth and chlorophyll content of A. mangium leaves which grow in two locations of tin-mined land (Tanjung Ratu Village and Rebo Village). The results showed that A. mangium which was grown on a younger tin mined land (in Tanjung Ratu Village) showed an increase in root dry weight, root length, number of root nodules, and decreased leaf chlorophyll levels. On older tin mined land (in Rebo Village), root dry weight, root length, and number of root nodules were lower, but chlorophyll content increased. The characters affected can be used to determine the ability of tolerance and adaptation of A. mangium in tin mined land.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Root and Shoot Growth Characteristics of Peanut1,2

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ketring ◽  
W. R. Jordan ◽  
O. D. Smith ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract The shape and extent of root systems influence the rate and pattern of nutrient and water uptake from the soil. In dicotyledons such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), the primary root and its laterals constitute the main root system. Rooting trait differences in some crops have been associated with drought tolerance. Our objective in this study was to determine if variation in root length and number occurs among peanut genotypes. In one test, shoot and root growth of 23 genotypes (12 spanish and 11 virginia types) were compared in the greenhouse at 55 days after planting using clear acrylic tubes 7.5 cm in diameter and 2.2 m in length. Shoot dry weight, leaf area, tap root length, and root number at 1 m depth ranged for spanish-type entries from 1.23 to 2.65 g, 214 to 409 cm2, 95.0 to 186.8 cm, and 1.0 to 3.1, respectively. Similarly, ranges for virginia-type entries were 1.35 to 3.23 g, 135 to 460 cm2, 122.4 to 192.6 cm, and 1.0 to 7.1. Correlations between shoot and root parameters indicated strong positive association between aerial and subterranean growth. However, the relationship of leaf area to root length was stronger for virginia- than for spanish-type entries. Root length and numbers were highly correlated for spanish, but not for virginia entries. In other tests that included two each of virginia-, spanish-, and valencia-type entries, similar results were found for plants at 34 and 47 days after planting. Significant differences in both root (length and numbers) and shoot growth (dry weight and leaf area) were found among the genotypes tested. Inherent differences in root growth rate were evident at early stages of seedling growth. The results from this sample of peanut germplasm indicate that there is considerable diversity in root growth and there is high shoot/root growth association.

Water relations of winter wheat: 1. Growth of the root system

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
M. McGowan ◽  
P. V. Biscoe ◽  
B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Root Dry Weight

SummaryThe production of root axes and the growth of the root system are reported for a commercially grown crop of Maris Huntsman winter wheat. Soil cores were extracted on 17 occasions during the growing season permitting a detailed study of root length and root dry weight with depth and time.Production of seminal root axes was complete by the beginning of March when all plants possessed six (occasionally seven) axes which persisted throughout the life of the crop. Nodal axes were produced continuously from mid-February until late May and finally numbered approximately 20 stem nodal axes per main stem. Total root dry weight increased exponentially until the beginning of April and then almost linearly to reach a maximum of 105 g root/m2 field in mid-June (anthesis). After anthesis, total root dry weight decreased but root growth continued below 80 cm. From April onwards, approximately 65% of the total root dry weight was in the 0–30 cm layer.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Kalmia latifolia `Sarah' and Ilex crenata `Compacta'

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Udo Blum
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Growth Periodicity

The length of time between transplanting and subsequent new root initiation, root growth rates, and root growth periodicity influences the ability of woody ornamentals to survive transplanting and become established in the landscape. Research was conducted to compare root growth of a difficult-to-transplant species, Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), to that of an easy-to-transplant species, Ilex crenata Thunb. (Japanese holly), over the course of 1 year. Micropropagated liners of `Sarah' mountain laurel and rooted stem cuttings of `Compacta' holly were potted in 3-L containers. Plants were grown in a greenhouse from May to September, at which time they were moved outside to a gravel pad, where they remained until the following May. Destructive plant harvests were conducted every 2 to 4 weeks for 1 year. At each harvest, leaf area, shoot dry weight (stems and leaves), root length, root area, and root dry weight were determined. Throughout the experiment, shoot dry weight and leaf area were similar for the two species. New root growth of `Compacta' holly and `Sarah' mountain laurel was measurable 15 and 30 days after potting, respectively. Root length and root area of `Sarah' mountain laurel increased during May through December but decreased during January through May. Root length and root area of `Compacta' holly increased linearly throughout the course of the experiment. Final root: shoot ratio of `Sarah' mountain laurel was one-ninth that of `Compacta' holly. Results suggest that poor transplant performance of mountain laurel in the landscape may be related to its slow rate of root growth.

scholarly journals 227 Rate of Root Growth of Three Woody Ornamental Species

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 430B-430
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Ornamental Species

Root growth is a critical factor in landscape establishment of container-grown woody ornamental species. Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) often does not survive transplanting from containers into the landscape. The objective of this experiment was to compare rate of root growth of mountain laurel to that of Ilex crenata `Compacta' (`Compacta' holly) and Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood). Six-month-old tissue-cultured liners (substrate intact) of mountain laurel, 1-year-old rooted cutting liners (substrate intact) of `Compacta' holly (liner holly), 6-inch bare root seedling liners of sourwood, and 3-month-old bare-root rooted cuttings of `Compacta' holly were potted in containers in Turface™. Prior to potting, roots of all plants were dyed with a solution of 0.5% (w/v) methylene blue. Plants were greenhouse-grown. Destructive harvests were conducted every 2 to 3 weeks (six total harvests). Length, area, and dry weight of roots produced since the start of the experiment, leaf area, and dry weight of shoots were measured. Sourwood and liner holly had greater rate of increase in root length and root dry weight than mountain laurel and bare root holly. Rate of increase in root area was greatest for sourwood, followed by (in decreasing order) liner holly, mountain laurel, and bare-root holly. Increase in root length and root area per increase in leaf area was highest for liner holly, possibly indicating why this species routinely establishes successfully in the landscape. Increase in root dry weight per increase in shoot dry weight was lowest for mountain laurel. The slow rate of root growth of mountain laurel (compared to sourwood and liner holly) may suggest why this species often does not survive transplanting.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aluminum and Media on the Growth of Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Highbush Blueberry Plantlets

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 487A-487
Author(s):  
Wei Qiang Yang ◽  
Barbara L. Goulart ◽  
Kathleen Demchak
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Plantlet Growth ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
High Concentrations

A factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effect of aluminum (0 and 600 μM) and media (sand, and 1:1 sand:soil) on mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) highbush blueberry plantlets. There were no differences in nutrient uptake and total plant dry weight between M and NM plantlets. However, more root growth, as determined by dry weight, was observed in M than NM plantlets. The plantlets growing in sand had more dry weight than did those in the soil medium. Although the root growth and shoot growth were reduced by the 600-μM Al treatment, the direct effect of Al on plantlet growth was not clear due to Al and P interactions. Plant nutrient uptake was reduced by high concentrations of Al, suggesting that high Al concentration limited the ability of roots to acquire most of the nutrients. Mycorrhizal epidermal cell infection levels of 15% to 20% were maintained in the roots in soil medium but decreased to about 5% over the 6 weeks of the experiment in the sand medium. Although M plantlets accumulated more Al in their roots, Al was readily transported to the leaf tissues of M and NM plantlets.

scholarly journals Screening of Rice Genotypes Based on Root Growth for Salt Tolerance at Germination Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
DE Jharna ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
BLD Chowdhury ◽  
MAA Lita ◽  
MM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Germination Stage

Salinity induced changes in root length and weight under salt tolerant condition. To examine the effect of different degrees of salinity on the root growth of rice, a total of 127 rice genotypes including mostly traditional, cultivated in the coastal regions of Bangladesh and some improved genotypes were used in the study. The study was conducted in petri dish providing 0, 6, 9, 12 and 15 dS m-1 (deci Siemens) salinity. Based on the performances, genotypes were scored and grouped as highly tolerant (score 1), tolerant (score 3), moderately tolerant (score 5), susceptible (score 7) and highly susceptible (score 9). Salinity stress reduced the root length and weight of rice genotypes. But the extent of root length and weight, varied with genotypes and levels of salinity. Generally in control condition root length and weight was found higher and it gradually decreased with increasing salt concentration. Based on decrease of root dry weight at 15 dS m-1 salinity, 8 genotypes scored 1, 28 scored 3, 40 scored 5, 35 scored 7, and 16 scored 9. Regarding root length, 14 genotypes were found highly tolerant, 18 were tolerant, 27 moderately tolerant, 38 susceptible and 30 were highly susceptible. Based on the score, the relationship between salinity level and tolerances of the different rice genotypes can be understood.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 45-53 2017

Root system architecture with and without root hairs: Consequences for nutrient and water uptake efficiency and related spatio-temporal patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lippold ◽  
Maxime Phalempin ◽  
Steffen Schlüter ◽  
Robert Mikutta ◽  
Doris Vetterlein
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Uptake Efficiency

&lt;p&gt;Root hairs substantially contribute to the acquisition of nutrients and potentially also to water uptake. Hence, they might have a strong impact on plant growth under nutrient- or water-limited conditions. As little information presently exists about differences in matter uptake to plants either with or without root hairs, we hypothesize that the absence of root hairs will be compensated by an increase in root growth to overcome the hair-less handicap. Within the DFG-funded Priority Program 2089, we compare two different genotypes (i.e. &lt;em&gt;Zea mays&lt;/em&gt; &amp;#8220;Wild Type&amp;#8221; and its corresponding hair-less mutant &amp;#8220;&lt;em&gt;rth3&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#8221;) grown in two different substrates (loam and sand) in column experiments. X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) was used to investigate the spatial-temporal change of root architecture during growth. Additionally, total root length was measured after destructive sampling at harvest with WinRhizo. Contrary to our expectation, the reduced root surface area available for water and nutrient uptake in case of the hair-less cultivar was not compensated by more intensive root growth. The substrate had a higher impact on root growth than the presence or absence of root-hairs. For shoot growth (shoot biomass), both factors (genotype, substrate) had a significant impact. As a consequence, nutrient uptake efficiency (uptake per unit root length) was clearly increased by the presence of root-hairs, irrespective of the substrate. Water uptake efficiency did not show any difference between genotypes under the well-watered conditions studied. In general, water uptake per unit root length was higher in sand compared to loam. Differences in nutrient uptake efficiency should be reflected in the extent of nutrient depletion gradients around roots. To address such biochemical gradients we develop a new subsampling scheme based on extraction of undisturbed subsamples. Subsamples will be imaged with micro X-ray fluorescence (&amp;#956;XRF) for elemental mapping. The 2D &amp;#181;XRF image will be registered into the 3D X-ray CT image to relate the extent of gradients to the age of the respective root segment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This project was carried out in the framework of the priority programme 2089 &amp;#8220;Rhizosphere spatiotemporal organisation - a key to rhizosphere functions&amp;#8221; funded by DFG (project number 403640293).&lt;/p&gt;

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