scholarly journals Insight into Yeast–Mycotoxin Relations

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
László Attila Papp ◽  
Enikő Horváth ◽  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
István Pócsi ◽  
Ida Miklós
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Toxin Binding ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Antagonistic Yeast ◽  
Insight Into

Fungal mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that can be present in green forage, hay, or silage. Consumption of contaminated plants or agricultural products can cause various animal and human diseases, which is why problems associated with mycotoxins have received particular attention. In addition, public pressure to produce healthy food and feed is also increasing. As the results of several surveys indicate that yeasts can decrease toxic effects by binding or converting secondary metabolites or control growth of harmful fungi, this article provides an overview of the yeast species that can have great potential in detoxification. The most important antagonistic yeast species against toxigenic fungi are described and the mode of their inhibitory mechanisms is also discussed. We provide an insight into toxin binding and biotransformation capacities of yeasts and examples of their use in silo. Issues requiring further study are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Photorhabdus sp. ETL Antimicrobial Properties and Characterization of Its Secondary Metabolites by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Tshikala Eddie Lulamba ◽  
Ezekiel Green ◽  
Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Properties And Characterization

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are known to be highly pathogenic to insect pests, due to their associated symbiotic bacteria, which produce virulence factors, exo-enzymes and other harmful secondary metabolites to conquer, kill, and degrade their insect hosts. However, these properties are not fully characterized. This study reports on the antimicrobial activities of Photorhabdus sp. strain ETL, symbiotically associated to an insect pathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica, against human pathogenic bacteria and toxigenic fungi, as well as the non-targeted profiling of its secondary metabolites (SMs) using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fatty acids including 3-eicosene, (E)-; 5-eicosene, (E)-; eicosene; 9-octadecenamide; undecanoic acid with shown antimicrobial activities were detected. This provided more insight on the composition and bioactivities of SMs produced by the Photorhabdus sp.

scholarly journals Detoxification of Mycotoxins through Biotransformation

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Ruixue Su ◽  
Ruya Yin ◽  
Daowan Lai ◽  
Mingan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Permanent Wall-Deficient Cells as a System for the Discovery of New-to-Nature Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Shraddha Shitut ◽  
Güniz Özer Bergman ◽  
Alexander Kros ◽  
Daniel E. Rozen ◽  
Dennis Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery ◽  
Insight Into

Filamentous actinobacteria are widely used as microbial cell factories to produce valuable secondary metabolites, including the vast majority of clinically relevant antimicrobial compounds. Secondary metabolites are typically encoded by large biosynthetic gene clusters, which allow for a modular approach to generating diverse compounds through recombination. Protoplast fusion is a popular method for whole genome recombination that uses fusion of cells that are transiently wall-deficient. This process has been applied for both inter- and intraspecies recombination. An important limiting step in obtaining diverse recombinants from fused protoplasts is regeneration of the cell wall, because this forces the chromosomes from different parental lines to segregate, thereby preventing further recombination. Recently, several labs have gained insight into wall-deficient bacteria that have the ability to proliferate without their cell wall, known as L-forms. Unlike protoplasts, L-forms can stably maintain multiple chromosomes over many division cycles. Fusion of such L-forms would potentially allow cells to express genes from both parental genomes while also extending the time for recombination, both of which can contribute to an increased chemical diversity. Here, we present a perspective on how L-form fusion has the potential to become a platform for novel compound discovery and may thus help to overcome the antibiotic discovery void.

Abstract 6588: Omics integration provides insight into esophageal cancer inhibitory mechanisms of a cranberry extract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Weh ◽  
Connor L. Howard ◽  
Bridget A. Tripp ◽  
Jennifer L. Clarke ◽  
Amy B. Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Omics Integration ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Multi-omics reveals the positive leverage of plant secondary metabolites on the gut microbiota in a non-model mammal

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Guangping Huang ◽  
Rong Hou ◽  
Dunwu Qi ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that have been widely used for their health-promoting effects. However, little is known about overall flavonoid metabolism and the interactive effects between flavonoids and the gut microbiota. The flavonoid-rich bamboo and the giant panda provide an ideal system to bridge this gap. Results Here, integrating metabolomic and metagenomic approaches, and in vitro culture experiment, we identified 97 flavonoids in bamboo and most of them have not been identified previously; the utilization of more than 70% flavonoid monomers was attributed to gut microbiota; the variation of flavonoid in bamboo leaves and shoots shaped the seasonal microbial fluctuation. The greater the flavonoid content in the diet was, the lower microbial diversity and virulence factor, but the more cellulose-degrading species. Conclusions Our study shows an unprecedented landscape of beneficial PSMs in a non-model mammal and reveals that PSMs remodel the gut microbiota conferring host adaptation to diet transition in an ecological context, providing a novel insight into host-microbe interaction.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Nonomuraea sp. Strain C10, a Producer of Brartemicin, Isolated from a Mud Dauber Wasp Nest in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Aryal ◽  
Saefuddin Aziz ◽  
Prajwal Rajbhandari ◽  
Harald Gross
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Insight Into

Nonomuraea sp. strain C10 produces the cytotoxic natural product brartemicin. Here, we report its draft genome sequence to get insight into brartemicin biosynthesis and to enable genome mining for novel secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Chemical Variability in Oliveria decumbens (Apiaceae) from Different Regions of Iran and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Karami ◽  
Tahereh Khoshbakht ◽  
Hassan Esmaeili ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
Insight Into

Oliveria decumbens Vent. (Apiaceae) is an annual herb resistant to harsh environmental conditions, which has got numerous pharmacological, food and feed, and cosmetic applications. In the present study, the variation in the essential oil (EO) content and composition of twelve O. decumbens populations growing wild in several habitats of Iran was studied. The EO contents varied from 2.71% (Darab) to 8.52% (Behbahan) on a dry matter basis, where the latter population revealed to be the highest source of essential oil reported so far in this species. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that carvacrol (18.8–51.8%), thymol (20.3–38.7%), γ-terpinene (0.9–28.8%), p-cymene (1.6–21.3%) and myristicin (0.8–9.9%) were the major volatile compounds in all the investigated populations. The EO content had a strong and significant positive correlation with temperature (r = 0.62) and sand content (r = 0.73), but a strong and significant negative correlation with altitude (r = −0.61). On the other hand, the rising altitude led to an increase in thymol content. Cluster and principal component analyses placed the samples from different regions into two main groups based on the main EO components, including thymol/carvacrol type and γ-terpinene/thymol/carvacrol/p-cymene type. This study provides valuable information for identifying chemotypes in O. decumbens as well as insight into planning a domestication and cultivation program.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Agents and Natural Compounds against Mycotoxinogenic Fungi

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Selma Pascale Snini ◽  
Florence Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that contaminate food and feed [...]

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