scholarly journals Mechanization Status, Promotional Activities and Government Strategies of Thailand and Vietnam in Comparison to Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-510
Author(s):  
Md. Anwar Hossen ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Talukder ◽  
Muhammad Rashed Al Mamun ◽  
Hafijur Rahaman ◽  
Subrata Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
The 1960S

Reasonable use of agricultural machinery has an extraordinary potential for poverty alleviation by increasing land and labor productivity in Thailand, Vietnam, and even in Bangladesh. This study was conducted under a program entitled “Agriculture Mechanization, Agro-Processing, Value addition and Export Market Development in Thailand and Vietnam from 1–14 November, 20I9” from the Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh. In all three distinct nations, farming activities represent a significant area of activity and remains the biggest wellspring of agricultural business. About 10.5% of Thailand’s, 21.5% of Vietnam’s, and 14.23% of Bangladesh’s GDP come from agriculture. For sustainable development, it is essential to modernize agriculture through the mechanization of its operations, which is therefore inevitable in the studied countries. Thailand’s government started mechanization in 1891 with the import of steam-powered tractor and rotary hoes. Since then the country has witnessed several milestones in the course of mechanization development. The focal plain agro-ecological zone of the state is the maximum and almost fully modernized area. As of now, there are two methods of practicing farming apparatus use: as a proprietor and/or through custom renting provision which coincides with Vietnam and Bangladesh. Historically, mechanization patterns in Vietnam can been described by tillage machinery with associated implement equipment use preceding 1975. This was non-linear, followed by a decreasing trend during the 80s prior to recovery during the 90s, with significant disparities in implementation status across the areas. In 2018, the number of tillage implements and harvesters was boosted about 1.6 and 25.6 times, respectively compared with 2006. The percentage of machinery use in soil tillage operation is 80% of the whole territory of cultivable land in Vietnam, compared to about 90% in Bangladesh and 100% in Thailand. Mechanization in Bangladesh started before independence with the importation of 2-wheel tractors and irrigation pumps in the last part of the 1960s as part of ‘Green Revolution’ activities. To continue this momentum, the Bangladesh Government permitted the continuation of agricultural machinery importation after later autonomy. Machinery use in different agricultural activities has increased in recent years in the areas of irrigation, land preparation, intercultural operation, and threshing. Though its degree of advancement is by and large still quite low contrasted with other South Asian nations, it is noticeable that the most recent two decades, the pace of mechanization has increased rapidly with the increase of mechanical power use in farm activities. The use of farm machinery in rice cultivation has been the most amazing when contrasted with different crops in these three nations. A clear comparison has been given in the paper, which aims to help researchers and policymakers take necessary measures.

scholarly journals Automatic guidance systems in agricultural machinery as a tool for drivers’ mental strain and workload relief 

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S66-S72
Author(s):  
Kvíz Zděnek ◽  
Kroulík Milan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Mental Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Automatic Guidance ◽  
Guidance Systems ◽  
Rate Sensor

This article evaluates agricultural operator´s stress, mental strain and generally fighting with driving difficulties during operating agricultural machinery sets by means of a heart rate indicator. Different drivers driving different tractors with implements were chosen and evaluated during different field jobs, namely soil tillage and sowing. Machinery position on the field was precisely monitored by a GPS receiver and the heart beat rate was observed by means of a chest belt special device with a heart rate sensor. The output data from the sensors were monitored during conventional manual steering of the tractor-implement set and also when using the complete automatic guidance steering without any driver´s intervention to steering wheel – all by using the DGPS guidance signal. The data were further processed with a special software for the heart rate sensor and detailed statistical evaluation was performed. All described trials were measured at different farms in the Czech Republic. The final outcomes from the experiment showed a statistically significant difference between two experimental variants and confirm our hypothesis that the guidance systems bring a great benefit for drivers concerning mental strain and relief of their workload.

scholarly journals Wheel Load and Wheel Pass Frequency as Indicators for Soil Compaction Risk: A Four-Year Analysis of Traffic Intensity at Field Scale

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Augustin ◽  
Michael Kuhwald ◽  
Joachim Brunotte ◽  
Rainer Duttmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
Subsoil Compaction

Avoiding soil compaction is one of the objectives to ensure sustainable agriculture. Subsoil compaction in particular can be irreversible. Frequent passages by (increasingly heavy) agricultural machinery are one trigger for compaction. The aim of this work is to map and analyze the extent of traffic intensity over four years. The analysis is made for complete seasons and individual operations. The traffic intensity is distinguished into areas with more than five wheel passes, more than 5 Mg and 3 Mg wheel load. From 2014 to 2018, 63 work processes on a field were recorded and the wheel load and wheel passes were modeled spatially with FiTraM. Between 82% (winter wheat) and 100% (sugar beet) of the total infield area is trafficked during a season. The sugar beet season has the highest intensities. High intensities of more than five wheel passes and more than 5 Mg wheel load occur mainly during harvests in the headland. At wheel load ≥3 Mg, soil tillage also stresses the headland. In summary, no work process stays below one of the upper thresholds set. Based on the results, the importance of a soil-conserving management becomes obvious in order to secure the soil for agriculture in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals The impact of the Green Revolution on indigenous crops of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Raeboline Lincy Eliazer Nelson ◽  
Kavitha Ravichandran ◽  
Usha Antony
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Increase Food Production ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indigenous Crops

Abstract The Green Revolution in India was initiated in the 1960s by introducing high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat to increase food production in order to alleviate hunger and poverty. Post-Green Revolution, the production of wheat and rice doubled due to initiatives of the government, but the production of other food crops such as indigenous rice varieties and millets declined. This led to the loss of distinct indigenous crops from cultivation and also caused extinction. This review deals with the impacts the Green Revolution had on the production of indigenous crops, its effects on society, environment, nutrition intake, and per capita availability of foods, and also the methods that can be implemented to revive the indigenous crops back into cultivation and carry the knowledge to the future generation forward.

scholarly journals Whole Body Vibration Exposure during Rotary Soil Tillage Operation:

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 5927-5940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Naser Nawayseh ◽  
Lakhwinder Pal Singh ◽  
Sarbjit Singh ◽  
Harwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Desirability Approach ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Iso 2631 ◽  
Fft Analysis

The present investigation attempted to study the overall daily vibration exposure A(8) in actual field rotary tillage operation at various ride conditions (i.e. average velocity, draft and average soil tillage depth). Three different levels of each ride condition were chosen to formulate an organised design of experiments by using Taguchi’s approach. The concurrent root mean square (RMS) acceleration values were measured at the tractor platform, seat pan and seat backrest along the three translation axes to determine the A(8). Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were computed and analysed concerning the conducted experiments. Further, the dominant frequencies at each set of experiment were determined by fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis. A linear regression model was developed to predict the output response and further, the ride conditions were optimised by using desirability approach. The overall daily vibration exposure was found between fairly uncomfortable to uncomfortable category (i.e. 0.64 and 0.84 m/s2) as per ISO 2631-1 (1997). Moreover, the exposure levels are beyond the exposure action limit recommended by Directive2002/44/EU. The average velocity and draft effects on the A(8) response were found significant (p≤0.05) with a contribution of 78.38% and 18.54%, respectively. The FFT analysis depicted a range of dominant peaks in the frequency range of 0.8 to 3.7 Hz. However, the exact frequency of the peaks was found to depend on the experimental condition. The prediction model indicates a good correlation between predicted and actual experimental response with an average error of 1.02%. Desirability and Taguchi’s approaches gave identical optimised ride conditions (i.e. 0.6 m/s, 6 kN, and 0.14 m) with the aim of reducing the A(8) value.

scholarly journals Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
E. A. Siddiq ◽  
Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is life for more than half of the human population on Earth. In the history of rice breeding, two major yield breakthroughs or leaps occurred, which phenomenally revolutionized rice breeding: the Green Revolution in the 1960s and hybrid technology in the 1970s. However, the fruits of these technologies have not spread globally to all rice-growing areas, especially African countries, for diverse reasons. It is estimated that at least 50% more rice yield is needed to feed the anticipated nine billion people by 2050. This clearly warrants another breakthrough in rice. It is apparent that the currently used conventional and molecular marker-assisted methods need to be updated with multi-pronged approaches involving innovative cutting-edge technologies for achieving the next breakthrough in rice. Here, we attempt to discuss the exciting avenues for the next advances in rice breeding by exploiting cutting-edge technologies.

scholarly journals GENERAL STRUCTURE OF TILLAGE DRAFT FORCE. CONSEQUENCES IN EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLICATIVE RESEARCHES

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
P. Cardei ◽  
S.L. Muraru ◽  
R. Sfiru ◽  
V. Muraru
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Deformable Solids ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
Simple Generalization ◽  
Mechanics Of Deformable Solids ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The empirical and theoretical estimation of the draft force of agricultural machinery for soil tillage, has been the target of scientific research for about one hundred years. The results obtained so far may seem contradictory or divergent. The article presents the results of some research on the usual calculation formulas of the draft force of agricultural machines for soil tillage. Although apparently these formulas are different, analyzing the structure of the formula, we find cohesion and coherence embodied in a simple generalization and easy to use both theoretical and experimental. Moreover, the formulas are convertible between them, the two languages used for their definition (the mechanics of deformable solids and that of the phenomenological description), are only different forms of expression for the same phenomenon. Another problem that is addressed in the research whose results are presented in this article is that of highlighting the dependence of the draft force on the tool speed (in the field) of the soil tillage machine. Exposure is complemented by an algorithm that highlights the dependence of the draft force on the tillage tool speed. Also like a consequences of the draft tillage force structure, finally, a third problem addressed in these researches and whose results and perspectives are given in this paper is that of optimizing the working processes of agricultural machinery for soil tillage. The treatment of the problem starts from the hypothesis of the most general formula of the traction resistance force and proposes some ways to solve the optimal problem.

scholarly journals The 21st Century Agriculture: When Rice Research Draws Attention to Climate Variability and How Weedy Rice and Underutilized Grains Come in Handy

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noraikim Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Muhamad Shakirin Mispan ◽  
Phaik Eem Lim ◽  
Niranjan Baisakh ◽  
Acga Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
The 1960S

Rice, the first crop to be fully sequenced and annotated in the mid-2000s, is an excellent model species for crop research due mainly to its relatively small genome and rich genetic diversity. The 130-million-year-old cereal came into the limelight in the 1960s when the semi-dwarfing gene sd-1, better known as the “green revolution” gene, resulted in the establishment of a high-yielding semi-dwarf variety IR8. Deemed as the miracle rice, IR8 saved millions of lives and revolutionized irrigated rice farming particularly in the tropics. The technology, however, spurred some unintended negative consequences, especially in prompting ubiquitous monoculture systems that increase agricultural vulnerability to extreme weather events and climate variability. One feasible way to incorporate resilience in modern rice varieties with narrow genetic backgrounds is by introgressing alleles from the germplasm of its weedy and wild relatives, or perhaps from the suitable underutilized species that harbor novel genes responsive to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This review reminisces the fascinating half-century journey of rice research and highlights the potential utilization of weedy rice and underutilized grains in modern breeding programs. Other possible alternatives to improve the sustainability of crop production systems in a changing climate are also discussed.

scholarly journals Strategies and models for agricultural sustainability in developing Asian countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1492) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C Kesavan ◽  
M.S Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Access To Food

The green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s which resulted in dramatic yield increases in the developing Asian countries is now showing signs of fatigue in productivity gains. Intensive agriculture practiced without adherence to the scientific principles and ecological aspects has led to loss of soil health, and depletion of freshwater resources and agrobiodiversity. With progressive diversion of arable land for non-agricultural purposes, the challenge of feeding the growing population without , at the same time, annexing more forestland and depleting the rest of life is indeed daunting. Further, even with food availability through production/procurement, millions of marginal farming, fishing and landless rural families have very low or no access to food due to lack of income-generating livelihoods. Approximately 200 million rural women, children and men in India alone fall in this category. Under these circumstances, the evergreen revolution (pro-nature, pro-poor, pro-women and pro-employment/livelihood oriented ecoagriculture) under varied terms are proposed for achieving productivity in perpetuity. In the proposed ‘biovillage paradigm’, eco-friendly agriculture is promoted along with on- and non-farm eco-enterprises based on sustainable management of natural resources. Concurrently, the modern ICT-based village knowledge centres provide time- and locale-specific, demand-driven information needed for evergreen revolution and ecotechnologies. With a system of ‘farm and marine production by masses’, the twin goals of ecoagriculture and eco-livelihoods are addressed. The principles, strategies and models of these are briefly discussed in this paper.

The globalization of hybrid maize, 1921–70

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Derek Byerlee
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Technology ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Second World

AbstractWell before the green revolution in the 1960s, hybrid maize technology that had originally been developed in the USA spread across the world, starting before the Second World War. This article uses a framework that analyses the type of transfer (materials, knowledge, or capacity), the roles of diverse actors, and farmer demand and its market context, to trace the diffusion of hybrid technology to Latin America, Asia, Europe, and Africa up to 1970. The article also highlights the importance of access to diverse germplasm from the Americas provided by indigenous farmers. A handful of US public institutions promoted the spread of hybrid technology, with US private seed companies sometimes playing a secondary role. However, most cases of successful transfer were led by national scientists embedded in local institutions, who were able to link to local seed systems and farmers. By the mid 1970s, the aggregate impacts of these efforts were of the same magnitude as for the well-known and much publicized green revolution wheat varieties. Nonetheless, adoption of hybrid maize across and within countries was very patchy, relating to differences in scientific capacity, type of farmer, agro-ecology, and complementary investments in seed systems and extension. Consequently, impacts were often highly inequitable.

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