scholarly journals Assessing the Origin of Phosphonic Acid Residues in Organic Vegetable and Fruit Crops: The Biofosf Project Multi-Actor Approach

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Trinchera ◽  
Bruno Parisi ◽  
Valentina Baratella ◽  
Giancarlo Roccuzzo ◽  
Ivano Soave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Participative Approach ◽  
Organic Fruit

Recently, on the EU market, phosphonic acid residues were detected in many organic goods, although fosetyl-derivates and phosphite salts are not allowed by Reg. EC n. 889/2009. The BIOFOSF project “Solving phosphite issue in organic fruit and horticultural crops” aimed at verifying whether the phosphonic acid contamination could be due to unproper use of fertilizers/plant protection products by organic farmers, or to the plant’s ability to self-produce it spontaneously. Applying a participative approach, field case-studies on potato, rocket lettuce, and pears were carried out (organic vs. integrated systems). The ethyl-phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid were determined in soil, tubers, leaves, fruits, tree woody organs, used fertilizers, and plant protection products to correlate them to the applied farming management. Tested crops were not able to self-synthetize phosphonic acid, being its detection due to: (i) external inputs not allowed in organic farming; (ii) fertilizers/plant protection products allowed in organic farming, contaminated by fosetyl or phosphite. In addition, it was found that tree crops can stock the phosphite in their woody organs, then translocate it from branches to leaves and fruits over time. Regression models applied to field data showed that fruit trees decontamination could take more than 5 years, depending on the starting value of phosphonic acid contamination, useful to define the phosphite maximum residue limit in organic fruit crops.

The economic implications of organic farming

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Cacek ◽  
Linda L. Langner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Balance Of Trade

AbstractMany farmers are turning to organic or “low input” farming as a strategy for economic survival. Several comparisons of actual grain farms in the central and northern states showed that organic farming equals or exceeds conventional farming in economic performance. These findings are supported by studies that used yield data from research plots as inputs to economic models. However, models that relied more heavily on hypothetical data showed an economic disadvantage for organic farming. This may have been a result of the failure of the hypothetical models to incorporate valid assumptions on conservation and efficient utilization of water, nutrients, fuel, labor, and capital. Established organic farmers are less vulnerable to natural and economic risks than conventional farmers because their systems are more diversified. They also are less able, however, to take advantage of income tax deductions. Future trends in commodity prices, input prices, pollution regulation, and research can be expected to have mixed effects on conventional and organic farmers, but the net impact will probably favor organic farmers. On a macroeconomic (i.e. national) scale, conversion to organic farming would have many benefits. It would reduce federal costs for supporting commodity prices, reduce depletion of fossil fuels, reduce the social costs associated with erosion, improve fish and wildlife habitats, and insure the productivity of the land for future generations. However, widespread conversion to organic farming would have an undesirable impact on the balance of trade. Future research on the economics of organic farming at the farm or microeconomics level should be directed at horticultural crops, southern latitudes, marketing, and the process of conversion from conventional to organic farming. Future macroeconomic research should quantify the social benefits described above, enabling decision makers to compare organic farming with other policy options.

Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World

Abstract Since the 1970s Frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. Its invasiveness is largely attributed to the international movement of plant material and insecticide resistance, both of which have combined to foster the rapid spread of the species throughout the world (Kirk and Terry, 2003; Reitz et al., 2020). Individuals are very small and they reside in concealed places on plants; thus are easily hidden and hard to detect in transported plant material. They reproduce rapidly and are highly polyphagous, breeding on many horticultural crops that are transported around the world. F. occidentalis is species no. 177 on the list of A2 pests regulated as quarantine pests in the European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) region (version 2005-09). It has now reached many countries, and remains a serious threat to crops in those countries that it has not yet reached.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ КОНОПЕЛЬ НА ПОЖИВНИЙ СТАН ҐРУНТУ

2017 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
М. Б. Пісковий ◽  
М. А. Магда ◽  
А. В. Пилипченко ◽  
В. П. Ситник
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Biological Technology ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Biological State

У статті викладені результати досліджень щодо ефективності вирощування конопель в умовах класичної технології та органічного землеробства. Визначено, як технологія вирощування конопель впливає на зміну біологічного стану ґрунту, урожайність насіння та стебел, а також започатковано вивчення шляхів забезпечення культури конопель елементами живлення. Дослідженнями встановлено, що вирощування конопель сорту Гляна в умовах органічного виробництва не сприяє підвищенню урожайності насіння, порівняно із перехідною від класичної до біологічної технології (інтенсивною). Накопичення і трансформація свіжої органічної речовини рослинних решток конопель залежить від складових технології органічного землеробства, які дають змогу мікрофлорі ґрунту не переносити стресових навантажень від впливу міндобрив і засобів захисту рослин. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of hemp cultivation in the conditions of classical technology and organic farming. It has been determined how the technology of hemp cultivation influences the change of the biological state of the soil, the yield of seeds and stems, as well as the study of ways to ensure the culture of hemp with nutritional elements. The research has established that the cultivation of hemp straw in the conditions of organic production does not contribute to increasing the yield of seeds, compared with the transition from classical to biological technology (intensive). The accumulation and transformation of fresh organic matter of the hemp plant residues depends on the components of the organic farming technology, which enable the microflora of the soil to not tolerate stress from the effects of fertilizer and plant protection products.

On the possibility of using marine plants of the Azov-Black Sea basin for organic farming

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vladislav E. Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Far East ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Marine Plants ◽  
The Far East

Review of research on the use of fertilizers, growth promoters and plant protection products. High efficiency of preparations from algae and herbs for organic farming was noted. At the Barents, White Seas and on the Far East work began on the production of preparations and their use in agriculture. In the Azov-Black Sea basin this resource is practically not used. The ways and possible prospects for the use of sea resources are indicated.

LEGAL CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Anna Olkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
The World

Agriculture is one of the basic human activities. This activity, however, also had a negative impact on the environment. For decades, organic farming, understood as a system of management of sustainable crop production and livestock within the farm, has been developing. Constantly increases both the number of organic producers and the area of organic farming. Organic agriculture is currently supported with success through the development of the law in this area, both on the world market, European and Polish. Thanks to regulations gradually entered into force a consumer acquiring products referred to as organic is convinced that they are free from contamination, such as residues of plant protection products and hormones, and when their production not used chemical fertilizers and genetically modified organisms.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Biological Indicators of Soils in an Organic Farming System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Beybit Nasiyev ◽  
Tursunay Vassilina ◽  
Ainur Zhylkybay ◽  
Vladimir Shibaikin ◽  
Akmarzhan Salykova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Organic Farming System

In developed countries, the ideas of ecological agricultural production, continuous cycle, and waste-free production technologies have gained popularity. The effect from the production and consumption of ecological agricultural products is determined by the least harm to the environment, increasing the competitiveness of products, and receiving additional profit from increasing prices for higher quality products. The production of organically safe products is based on the principle of biologization, i.e., the widespread use of biological preparations, a high proportion of legumes (sources of nitrogen), and avoiding chemical plant protection products, transgenic plants, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This study aims to increase the productivity of safflower and improve the physicochemical and biological indicators of dark chestnut soils through the use of biologized technologies in the organic farming system. Standard methods for assessment and statistical analysis of physical and chemical parameters of soils were carried out in zone 1 of West Kazakhstan. This made it possible to identify the most optimal technology for the cultivation of safflower. The study results showed that under the influence of the phytomeliorative action of safflower in the 0–20 cm layer of dark chestnut soils, one could note an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen by 5.95%, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus by 5.22%, and soil loosening by 0.010 g/cm3, with the structure of the soil being 64.43%. Strong biological activity of the soil was established by the crops of safflower. The highest yield of safflower oil about 0.23 t/ha with an oil content of 30.1% was obtained using the biologized technology option. The use of biological technology, along with biological yields, increases oil yield by 0.06 t/ha or 28.06%.

Peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of pome fruits in industrial horticulture

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
V. V. Antonenko ◽  
A. V. Zubkov ◽  
S. N. Kruchina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Pome Fruits ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Data were obtained on the basis of the results of research carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Timiryazev State Agrarian University, in Moscow during 2018-2019. As a result of the surveys, the most dangerous diseases and pests of pome crops on the territory of this farm were established. The most resistant apple and pear varieties to major diseases have been identified. Peculiarities of development of alternariosis on pear are described, the harmfulness of the disease on pear and apple seedlings is noted. A possible role in the transfer of alternariosis infection from garden-protective plantations and weed vegetation to fruit trees was noted. A possible role has been established in the transport of septoriosis, powdery dew infection from dicotyledonous weeds plants. The peculiarities of the spread of infection under the influence of wind direction are noted. The results and peculiarities of the application of various methods of scaring birds in the orchard are presented. As a result of route surveys the most harmful weed plants have been identified. The possibility of using herbicides of different mechanism of action in fruit gardens for weed control has been studied. High efficiency and relative safety of application of herbicides of contact action in nursery fields, operational orchards and for control of piglets on fruit trees are shown. Recommendations are given for the use of soil and systemic herbicides of soil in seedlings beds, the first and second fields of the nursery, as well as in the process of production of large-scale planting material and operational orchards of fruit crops. The safety of the herbicides in question is established when used in accordance with the recommended methods of use.

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