scholarly journals Improvement of Tillering and Grain Yield by Application of Cytokinin Derivatives in Wheat and Barley

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Radoslav Koprna ◽  
Jan F. Humplík ◽  
Zdeněk Špíšek ◽  
Magdaléna Bryksová ◽  
Marek Zatloukal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine

Three cytokinin derivatives (CKd) designated as RR-G, RR-O, and RR-V applied by foliar spraying at tillering, and one compound previously described as a cytokinin antagonist (CKa) designated as RR-P applied as a seed coating were tested in winter wheat and spring barley in field trial experiments. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of the compounds that were tested on the number of productive tillers, grain yield, and endogenous CK content. With the exception of the compound RR-V, the measured parameters clearly showed the stimulatory effects of CKd on tillering and grain yield in spring barley and winter wheat. The RR-V showed a stimulatory effect on the number of productive tillers and yield in spring barley, but not in winter wheat. Although in winter wheat CKa stimulated both the number of productive tillers and the grain yield, there was an inhibitory effect in terms of the number of productive tillers observed in spring barley. The results of the endogenous cytokinin analysis suggested, among others, the importance of the role of isopentenyl-adenine types of cytokinins in the tillering of spring barley. In conclusion, the cytokinin derivative compounds with an agonistic or antagonistic role showed strong potential for application in the future development of plant growth regulators.

The role of exogenous plant regulators in the dormancy of onion bulbs

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
F. M. R. Isenberg
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Subsequent Application

SUMMARYExperiments were conducted to study the effect of plant injection with growth regulators on the dormancy of onion bulbs cv. Elba Globe. Application of abscisic acid induced early senescence of the leaves and prolonged the rest period of the bulbs. This effect was partially overcome by subsequent applications of gibberellin, auxin or cytokinin and totally overcome with the application of a mixture of the three hormones. Maleic hydrazide application prolonged the rest period by inhibiting both sprouting and rooting of the bulbs throughout the storage period. This inhibitory effect was not overcome by the subsequent application of auxin, gibberellin, kinetin, or their combinations. Ethephon application increased rooting of bulbs and partially overcame the effect of abscisic acid on dormancy.

scholarly journals Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Vegetable Production: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 2177-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kaur ◽  
D. Mal ◽  
A. Sheokand ◽  
Sh weta ◽  
L. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vegetable Production

scholarly journals The role of new stress protectors in the formation of production process of oat culture during cultivation in anthropogenically polluted areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Andriyanova ◽  
Irina V. Sergeyeva ◽  
Nataliya N. Gusakova ◽  
Yuliya M. Mokhonko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Lead Zinc

Stress protectors (adaptogens) are among the most important factors that regulate growth processes at all stages of plant development. This article presents results of field studies of the effect of new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors (adaptogens) on the elements of productivity and yield of spring oats of the Skakun variety. The obtained results during the research showed that all the studied derivatives of peredazinones are adaptogens and they contribute to an increased productivity and increased yield of spring oats. We studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors on the quality indicators of cereal production of Skakun oats (protein, starch and amylolytic enzymes content in the cereal). Pre-sowing treatment of oat seeds increases the amount of protein in the cereal up to 15%, starch – up to 25%, amylase – up to 20%. We proved the ability of stress protectors to minimize the negative impact of heavy metals (lead, zinc) on agrophytocenoses, which will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly cereal products when cultivating oats in anthropogenically polluted areas of the Saratov Oblast.

scholarly journals Genes Encoding Cucumber Full-Size ABCG Proteins Show Different Responses to Plant Growth Regulators and Sclareolide

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rajsz ◽  
Anna Warzybok ◽  
Magdalena Migocka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Cucumber Roots

AbstractFull-size members of the ABCG (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G) subfamily of ABC transporters have been found only in plants and fungi. The plant genes encoding full-size ABCGs identified so far appeared to be differentially regulated under various environmental constraints, plant growth regulators, and microbial elicitors, indicating a broad functional role of these proteins in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Nevertheless, the structure and physiological function of full-size ABCGs in many plant species are still unknown. We have recently identified 16 genes encoding full-size ABCG proteins in cucumber and found that the transcripts of two of them, CsABCG36 (CsPDR8) and CsABCG40 (CsPDR12), are most abundant in roots and are significantly affected by phytohormones and auxin herbicide. In this study, we analyzed the structure and phylogeny of all the full-size cucumber ABCG transporters and studied the organ expression profiles of the remaining 14 CsABCG genes. In addition, we investigated the effect of different plant growth regulators and the diterpene sclareolide on CsABCG expression in cucumber roots. Until now, the full-size plant ABCG transporters have been grouped into five different clusters. The new phylogenetic analysis of full-size ABCGs from model plants and cucumber clustered these proteins into six different subgroups. Interestingly, the expression profiles of cucumber ABCG genes assigned to the same clusters were not correlated, suggesting functional diversification or different regulatory mechanisms of the full-size cucumber ABCG proteins.

Effect of wheat varieties and growth regulators on soil greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbe von der Lancken ◽  
Victoria Nasser ◽  
Katharina Hey ◽  
Stefan Siebert ◽  
Ana Meijide
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Varieties

<p>The need to sustain global food demand while mitigating greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions is a challenge for agricultural production systems. Since the reduction of GHGs has never been a breeding target, it is still unclear to which extend different crop varieties will affect GHG emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of N-fertilization and of the use of growth regulators applied to three historical and three modern varieties of winter wheat on the emissions of the three most important anthropogenic GHGs, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Furthermore, we aimed at identifying which combination of cultivars and management practises could mitigate GHG emissions in agricultural systems without compromising the yield. GHG measurements were performed using the closed chamber method in a field experiment located in Göttingen (Germany) evaluating three historical and three modern winter wheat varieties, with or without growth regulators under two fertilization levels (120 and 240 kg nitrogen ha<sup>-1</sup>). GHG measurements were carried out for 2 weeks following the third nitrogen fertilizer application (where one third of the total nitrogen was applied), together with studies on the evolution of mineral nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in the soil. Modern varieties showed significantly higher CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (i.e. soil and plant respiration; +23 %) than historical varieties. The soils were found to be a sink for CH<sub>4,</sub> but CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes were not affected by the different treatments. N<sub>2</sub>O emissions were not significantly influenced by the variety age or by the growth regulators, and emissions increased with increasing fertilization level. The global warming potential (GWP) for the modern varieties was 7284.0 ± 266.9 kg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>. Even though the GWP was lower for the historic varieties (5939.5 ± 238.2 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-<sub>eq</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup>), their greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), which relates GHG and crop yield, was larger (1.5 ± 0.3 g CO<sub>2</sub>-<sub>eq</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> grain), compared to the GHGI of modern varieties (0.9 ± 0.0 g CO<sub>2</sub>-<sub>eq</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> grain), due to the much lower grain yield in the historic varieties. Our results suggest that in order to mitigate GHG emissions without compromising the grain yield, the best management practise is to use modern high yielding varieties with growth regulators and a fertilization scheme according to the demand of the crop.</p>

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