scholarly journals Propagation of Jasminum parkeri: A Critically Endangered Wild Ornamental Woody Shrub from Western Himalaya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Ujala Kashyap ◽  
Anjali Chandel ◽  
Diksha Sharma ◽  
Sonali Bhardwaj ◽  
Bhavya Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Primary Roots

Jasminum parkeri Dunn is a narrowly endemic, critically endangered woody ornamental shrub confined to sub-temperate zone of Western Himalayas, and rediscovered from its type locality after a lapse of about 100 years. In the present study, a propagation technique of J. parkeri, using stem cuttings, was established for the first time through application of auxins, namely, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), at varying concentrations ranging from 1000 to 4000 ppm. The highest rooting percentage (98.33% (85.68% ± 4.32)), number of primary roots (36), root length (29.68 cm) and survival percentage (96.67% (83.85% ± 6.16)) were recorded for cuttings treated with 3000 ppm NAA. The phenological comparison between pot plants propagated through seeds and stem cuttings in a naturally ventilated polyhouse revealed a reduction in vegetative and flowering phases in cutting raised plants. Additionally, a noteworthy adaptive behavior of two weeks of early flowering and four weeks of extended flowering (February to October) was observed in plants raised under polyhouse conditions. This method will help in protecting the species from population decline, thereby significantly increasing its potential to be harnessed as an ornamental plant in India. Furthermore, plants grown ex situ will be reintroduced in natural populations.

scholarly journals Hue and cry for Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, a threatened medicinal plant in the Western Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Mathela ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Monika Sharma ◽  
Gurinderjit Singh Goraya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Threatened Medicinal Plant ◽  
Fritillaria Cirrhosa

AbstractThe unique Himalayan ecosystems are repositories to the wild populations of diverse flora and fauna. The high value medicinal and aromatic plant species (MAPs) are an example of the same. Since time immemorial, these MAPs have been traditionally used by the local inhabitants and have eventually developed a high market value all over the world. Increasing market demand engenders over-extraction of species, unsustainable collection further catalyses decline in wild populations. The current communication raises high conservation concern on the rapid population decline of Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don in the Western Himalaya. Harvested and traded with a new trade name i.e., ‘Jangli lehsun’ probably to disguise common Allium species, the species is facing tremendous decline in wild populations due to its illegal harvesting and trade in Himachal Pradesh. Further, F. cirrhosa faces threat due to unorganized, over-extraction, unsustainable and premature harvesting of the bulbs, coupled with illegal hidden markets functioning parallelly. Considering that this valuable species is under multiple threats being a medicinally important plant, priority should be given for its conservation through in-situ such as identification of medicinal plant conservation areas and ex-situ methods for its propagation and multiplication. Further, to ensure the long-term conservation of Fritillaria cirrhosa, prioritized conservation strategies such as strengthening of the Biodiversity Management Committees, capacity building through awareness programs for the key stakeholders and sustainable harvesting would be the practical solution.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of the narrow endemic Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae): implications for translocation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10521
Author(s):  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Jèssica Requena ◽  
Sergi Massó ◽  
Roser Vilatersana ◽  
Cèsar Blanché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Narrow Endemic ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Nw Mediterranean

Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae) is an extremely narrow endemic plant, which is considered as one of the species of most conservation concern in Catalonia (NW Mediterranean Basin). Given the accelerated fragmentation and reduction of population size (of over 90%), the environmental agency of Catalonia is currently preparing a recovery plan that includes reinforcements of the extant populations. The present study is aimed at providing the necessary knowledge to carry out genetically-informed translocations, by using microsatellites as genetic markers. Fourteen microsatellites have been specifically developed for S. farrenyi, of which nine have been used. Besides the extant natural populations, the three ex situ collections that are known to exist of this species have also been studied, as they would be the donor sources for translocation activities. Our main finding is that levels of genetic diversity in the natural populations of S. farrenyi are still high (He = 0.605), most likely as a result of a predominantly outcrossing mating system in combination with the limited time elapsed since the population decline. However, population fragmentation is showing the first genetic signs, as the values of genetic differentiation are relatively high, and two well-differentiated genetic lineages have been found even in such a narrow geographic range. These genetic results provide important information when designing conservation management measures.

scholarly journals The Effect of Iba and Cutting Diameter on Inducing Roots of Cotinus Coggygria Scop. and Rhus Coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Hassan Najman Muhamed ◽  
Nasser Abdusalam Dawod
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Rhus Coriaria ◽  
Cotinus Coggygria

Because of the difficulty in their vegetative propagation, both Rhus coriaria L. and Cotinus coggygria Scop.  (Ancardaceae) are rarely introduced into the forest nursery trade. Vegetative propagation is practiced in forestry to produce seedlings of desired genetic properties within a short period and when seeds displaying a status of complex dormancy. In the present study, the possibility of the multiplication by stem cuttings was studied for Sumac, the high ethnobotanical shrub value and for Cotinus, the endangered shrub, to give more insight into their propagation technique. Between January-July 2014, using complete randomized block design (C.R.B.D) in four replicates, we evaluated the effectiveness of applying four different Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration to two stems cutting diameters in producing C. coggygria and R. coriaria. However, the former species due to the poor survival percentage (lower 5%) excluded from the analysis. Optimum results of C. coggygria were obtained with IBA 20000 mg.l -1 and cutting diameter more than 1 cm. (rooting % 60, number of roots 17.33, number of branches  3.75 and the number of leaves 19.33 while nonsignificant increase was recorded in root length. 16.33 cm.). The results indicated that Cotinus is relatively easy to propagate by stem cutting in comparing with Sumac with rootability increases significantly with increasing of IBA concentration and stem cutting diameter. Further studies are needed for more reasonable rooting results to meet the large quantity demand of elite seedling material that could be later used to restore the natural populations of C. coggygria and R. coriaria.

scholarly journals Vegetative Propagation of Hoya imperialis and Hoya coronaria by Stem Cutting and Micropropagation

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Siti Madihah Mohd Don ◽  
Nur Maziyyah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Hussein Taha ◽  
Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri ◽  
Faizah Metali
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Propagation Methods

Hoya imperialis (H. imperialis) and H. coronaria (Apocynaceae) are known to have ornamental value due to their beautiful flowers; however, the feasibility of propagating these plants have not been reported despite the wild populations in Brunei Darussalam being highly threatened due to habitat loss and overcollection. Thus, the present study aimed to conduct a preliminary study of the feasibility of two alternative propagation methods, stem cutting and micropropagation, as a potential approach for their ex situ conservation. Hoya stem cuttings were treated with either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0–2000 mg/L), and then propagated onto a mixture of peat moss and perlite. For micropropagation, Hoya leaf explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar media that were supplemented with IBA and/or kinetin (KN) (0–10.0 mg/L). This present study shows that both Hoya species were successfully propagated by stem cutting even without hormone treatment. However, interestingly, in H. imperialis, when compared with control, the mean number of new leaves (6.3 ± 1.0) and the mean relative growth rate (RGR) based on stem diameter (0.004 ± 0.0007 cm cm−1 day−1) significantly increased when treated with 500 mg/L NAA and 2000 mg/L IBA, respectively. Meanwhile, in H. coronaria, significantly higher mean number of roots was achieved by treating with 1000 mg/L NAA (16.6 ± 1.4) or 2000 mg/L IBA (17.5 ± 2.7) compared with control. For micropropagation, callus induction was not promising and could only be observed at specific concentrations of both IBA and KN, with H. imperialis appearing to be more responsive towards these hormones in comparison to H. coronaria. The present study showed that stem cutting appeared more feasible in propagating both Hoya species.

scholarly journals Winter Stem Cutting Propagation of ‘Dwarf Burford’ Holly without Use of a Conventional Auxin Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cutting Propagation ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
High Humidity Environment

‘Dwarf Burford’ holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Dwarf Burford’) is a significant nursery crop and is widely used in landscapes in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 7 to 9. Stem cuttings can be rooted at multiple times during the year, provided cutting wood is sufficiently mature, with auxin treatments traditionally used to encourage rooting. This study was conducted to determine if auxin treatment could be eliminated, thus reducing labor and chemical requirements in the cutting propagation process. In three experiments, terminal stem cuttings of ‘Dwarf Burford’ holly were taken in winter, prepared with and without use of a basal quick-dip in an auxin solution, and rooted in a warm, high-humidity environment. Rooting percentages for nontreated cuttings and cuttings treated with 2500 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 1250 ppm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were similar, while treatment of cuttings with 5000 ppm IBA + 2500 ppm NAA resulted in a decrease in rooting percentage. The number of primary roots and total root length were similar among the three treatments, except in one experiment where total root length was greater with auxin-treated cuttings than with nontreated cuttings. Initial shoot growth responses were variable among the three experiments. The treatment of cuttings with auxin was not required for successful rooting and can be eliminated from the process for winter stem cutting propagation of ‘Dwarf Burford’ holly.

scholarly journals Rooting of ‘Brown Velvet’ Southern Magnolia Stem Cuttings as Influenced by Medium and Auxin Treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
T. Patrick McCracken ◽  
Christopher J. Catanzaro ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Pine Bark ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Bottom Heat ◽  
Medium Selection ◽  
Secondary Roots

Abstract Terminal stem cuttings of ‘Brown Velvet’ Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L. ‘Brown Velvet’) were treated with 0.3% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in talc, or 0.5% naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) quick dip + 0.3% IBA in talc, or 0.5% NAA + 1.0% IB A quick dip. Rooting media included pine bark, perlite, or combinations of bark and perlite at the following ratios: 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 (by vol). Cuttings were rooted in a greenhouse mist bed supplied with bottom heat. Rooting percentage was unaffected by media with the exception of a decreased response in perlite. Root length and secondary root formation was greater with pine bark than with perlite, while the bark/perlite blends provided an intermediate response. Increased auxin concentrations produced more primary roots but reduced formation of secondary roots. However, rooting percentage was not affected by auxin treatment. Results suggest that medium selection is more important than auxin source or delivery method in the rooting of ‘Brown Velvet’ Southern magnolia.

Clonal Propagation of Drypetes malabarica (Bedd.) Airy Shaw An Endemic and Endangered Tree of Southern Western Ghats

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
P.A. Jose ◽  
M. Sumod ◽  
Thomas Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Seedling Bank ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Propagation Methods

The juvenile plants of Drypetes malabarica have resulted 100% rooting success for both stem cuttings and air layering by the application of NAA 3000 and IAA 1000 ppm respectively. The rooted plants were also survived with cent percent success rate. Since the tree is being prone to high degree of fruit predation, seed infestation and overall poor natural regeneration in situ restricts, the soil seed and seedling bank and merit extend clonal propagation of the species. The propagation methods thus developed first time could be adopted for the large scale multiplication, establishing clonal gene banks ex situ which in turn ensures the availability of materials for conservation, evaluation and management practices without affecting natural populations of the species in the long run.

scholarly journals Growth Stage, Auxin Type, and Concentration Influence Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1397-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Rosier ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Farrell C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Percent Mortality

Seven concentrations of IBA and seven concentrations of NAA plus a nonauxin control were tested over three growth stages to determine their effectiveness in promoting adventitious root formation on stem cuttings taken from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.]. Cuttings were prepared in March (hardwood), June (softwood), or November (semi-hardwood) 2001, treated with auxin concentrations ranging from 0 to 64 mm, and placed under mist. Rooting percentage, percent mortality, number of primary roots, total root length, root system symmetry, and root angle were recorded after 16 weeks. Growth stage and auxin concentration significantly affected every rooting trait except root angle. NAA significantly increased the number of primary roots and total root length. However, auxin type did not significantly affect rooting percentage or percent mortality. The highest rooting percentages (99%) occurred when softwood cuttings were treated with 5 mm auxin, however, semi-hardwood cuttings also rooted at high percentages (90%) and had no mortality when treated with 14 mm auxin. Regardless of auxin type, the number of primary roots and total root length varied in similar patterns across concentration, although, NAA tended to induce a greater response. To root Fraser fir stem cuttings collected from 3- and 4-year-old stock plants, it is recommended that a concentration of 5 mm NAA should be used on softwood cuttings and 14 mm IBA on semi-hardwood cuttings. Chemical names used: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Conservation of the critically endangered Achondrostoma occidentale (Pisces: Cyprinidae): integrating habitat data in restocking programs to improve population recovery

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
D. Mameri ◽  
C. Sousa Santos ◽  
M. F. Magalhães ◽  
J. I. Robalo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Risk Of Extinction

Cyprinid fauna endemic to the Iberian Peninsula is currently facing several human-caused threats which enhance their risk of extinction. The populations of the critically endangered Achondrostoma occidentale, occurring only in three small and intermittent Portuguese river basins, have been reinforced with fish bred ex-situ in order to minimize their risk of extinction. This study aimed to describe the restocking actions conducted and to identify and characterize the summer refugia that should become targets for restoration and further restocking. The results evidence population increments and a high representativeness of younger age classes in the restocked populations. The importance of annual monitoring of fish abundance to assess how the species is coping with the stochastic and deterministic stressors that may eventually compromise its survival is highlighted.

scholarly journals Microsatellite analysis reveals low genetic diversity in managed populations of the critically endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Sharma ◽  
Mirza Ghazanfarullah Ghazi ◽  
Suyash Katdare ◽  
Niladri Dasgupta ◽  
Samrat Mondol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Genetic Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Gavialis Gangeticus

AbstractThe gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a critically endangered crocodylian, endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The species has experienced severe population decline during the twentieth century owing to habitat loss, poaching, and mortalities in passive fishing. Its extant populations have largely recovered through translocation programmes initiated in 1975. Understanding the genetic status of these populations is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of the ongoing conservation efforts. This study assessed the genetic diversity, population structure, and evidence of genetic bottlenecks of the two managed populations inhabiting the Chambal and Girwa Rivers, which hold nearly 80% of the global gharial populations. We used seven polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci and a 520 bp partial fragment of the mitochondrial control region (CR). The overall mean allelic richness (Ar) was 2.80 ± 0.40, and the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities were 0.40 ± 0.05 and 0.39 ± 0.05, respectively. We observed low levels of genetic differentiation between populations (FST = 0.039, P < 0.05; G’ST = 0.058, P < 0.05 Jost’s D = 0.016, P < 0.05). The bottleneck analysis using the M ratio (Chambal = 0.31 ± 0.06; Girwa = 0.41 ± 0.12) suggested the presence of a genetic bottleneck in both populations. The mitochondrial CR also showed a low level of variation, with two haplotypes observed in the Girwa population. This study highlights the low level of genetic diversity in the two largest managed gharial populations in the wild. Hence, it is recommended to assess the genetic status of extant wild and captive gharial populations for planning future translocation programmes to ensure long-term survival in the wild.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document