scholarly journals Pea Breeding Lines Adapted to Autumn Sowings in Broomrape Prone Mediterranean Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
Salvador Osuna-Caballero ◽  
María J. González-Bernal ◽  
María J. Cobos ◽  
Fernando Flores
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Mediterranean Environments ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Moderate Resistance

In Mediterranean environments, with mild winters and dry summers, peas are planted in autumn or early winter to profit from winter rain and to avoid terminal drought and high summer temperatures. The root parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche crenata) appears as a major limiting factor under these conditions. To address such specific growing conditions and associated constraints, targeted breeding is needed. We present here recent achievements in the development of pea lines arising from a wide hybridization program incorporating resistance to broomrape and to powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) from landraces and wild relatives. Their adaption to autumn sowings under Mediterranean rain fed conditions, and their agronomic performance and resistance to prevailing diseases is compared with those of check cultivars in a multi-environment field test with nine trials performed over three seasons. HA-GGE biplots were a powerful tool for comparison among accessions in terms of performance and stability for each trait assessed. Like this, breeding lines NS22, NS34, NS8, NS39, NS35, NS21 and NS83 over-yielded all check cultivars. Grain yield was strongly affected by broomrape infection, with little influence of powdery mildew and ascochyta blight. All breeding lines studied showed high to moderate resistance to broomrape, whereas all check cultivars were severely infected. Broomrape infection was not correlated with days to flowering, whereas powdery mildew infection was favored by long cycles. Broomrape infection was enhanced by mild winter temperatures before flowering and spring rain, whereas high spring temperatures hampered broomrape development.

scholarly journals Fabian two-row winter barley

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Z. Nesvadba ◽  
J. Špunar ◽  
M. Kadlíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Very High

Fabian is a medium-late two-row feedin barley of winter habit developed at Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic (breeders’ rights holder) and registered in the Czech Republic in 2011. In the Official Variety Trials it showed high grain yields under intensive growing conditions (104.5%) and medium yields under low input conditions (101.1%). Fabian has the highest cold hardiness of the registered two-row winter barleys and regenerates very well in the spring. Its resistance to powdery mildew is very high (score 8.2 on a 1–9 scale). It has medium plant height, moderate resistance to lodging and large yellow kernel. The spike is long and of medium density.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Sugar Beet Derived from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Lewellen ◽  
J. K. Schrandt
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Erysiphe Polygoni ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
High Level

Powdery mildew of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), caused by Erysiphe polygoni, was introduced into North American in 1974. Since then, chemical control has been needed. Moderate resistance of a slow-mildewing type is known and has been used commercially. High resistance was identified recently in B. vulgaris subsp. maritima accessions WB97 and WB242 and has been backcrossed into sugar beet breeding lines. These enhanced lines were used as sources of powdery mildew resistance to determine the inheritance of resistance. Analyses of segregating testcross families showed that resistance from both sources is inherited as a single, dominant, major gene. The gene symbol Pm is proposed for the resistant allele. The allelism of the resistance from the two wild beet sources was not determined. Pm conditions a high level of resistance, but disease developed on matured leaves late in the season. This late development of mildew on lines and the slow-mildewing trait in susceptible, recurrent lines tended to obfuscate discrete disease ratings.

scholarly journals Alternaria alternata Causing Flower Stem Blight of Lupinus havardii

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
P. F. Colbaugh ◽  
W. A. Mackay ◽  
T. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
Commonwealth Mycological Institute ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Growing Conditions

Lupinus havardii Wats., commonly known as Big Bend or Chisos bluebonnet, is a showy winter annual that can reach 1.0 to 1.5 m in height and produces blue, fragrant inflorescence (racemes). L. havardii is native to a narrow geographic range along the Mexican border in southwest Texas. The inflorescence of L. havardii has considerable potential in the cut flower industry where there is a need for high-quality, durable flowers with a blue color (1). Several crops have been produced in the greenhouse to determine production and post-harvest characteristics of the cut inflorescence. Under greenhouse growing conditions during March through June 1999, numerous plants of L. havardii cv. Texas Sapphire grown in raised beds and in containers in both Dallas and El Paso, TX, were observed with blighted flower racemes with light brown to gray lesions ranging from 1 to 5 cm in length. The racemes were attacked at varying ages and eventually assumed a hooked appearance where the terminal 15 cm of the raceme was bent downward. Isolations from symptomatic lesions removed from L. havardii flower stalks consistently yielded cultures of an Alternaria sp. on potato-dextrose agar. Typical conidia measured 27 μm length and 11 μm width with 3 to 5 transverse septa. The fungus was identified as A. alternata (Fries) Keissler consistent with the description in Ellis (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in the laboratory by inoculating cut inflorescences with agar disks containing the fungus. Inoculations produced light brown lesions on the racemes that were typical of disease symptoms observed on greenhouse crops. In addition to the blue-flowered Texas Sapphire cultivar, we also observed the disease symptoms on pink and white flowered breeding lines of L. havardii. This disease is important as a flower stem blighting pathogen and could severely restrict production of cut flowers during the growing season. This is the first report of Alternaria sp. attacking L. havardii. References: (1) T. D. Davis. HortScience 29:1110, 1994. (2) M. B. Ellis. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute Kew, England.

Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Starr ◽  
C. E. Simpson ◽  
T. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (<2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers Associated with Agro-Physiological Traits under Terminal Drought Conditions in Bread Wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Shokat ◽  
Deepmala Sehgal ◽  
Prashant Vikram ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Terminal Stage ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Terminal drought stress poses a big challenge to sustain wheat grain production in rain-fed environments. This study aimed to utilize the genetically diverse pre-breeding lines for identification of genomic regions associated with agro-physiological traits at terminal stage drought stress in wheat. A total of 339 pre-breeding lines panel derived from three-way crosses of ‘exotics × elite × elite’ lines were evaluated in field conditions at Obregon, Mexico for two years under well irrigated as well as drought stress environments. Drought stress was imposed at flowering by skipping the irrigations at pre and post anthesis stage. Results revealed that drought significantly reduced grain yield (Y), spike length (SL), number of grains spikes−1 (NGS) and thousand kernel weight (TKW), while kernel abortion (KA) was increased. Population structure analysis in this panel uncovered three sub-populations. Genome wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay was observed at 2.5 centimorgan (cM). The haplotypes-based genome wide association study (GWAS) identified significant associations of Y, SL, and TKW on three chromosomes; 4A (HB10.7), 2D (HB6.10) and 3B (HB8.12), respectively. Likewise, associations on chromosomes 6B (HB17.1) and 3A (HB7.11) were found for NGS while on chromosome 3A (HB7.12) for KA. The genomic analysis information generated in the study can be efficiently utilized to improve Y and/or related parameters under terminal stage drought stress through marker-assisted breeding.

The history of chickpea cultivation and breeding in Israel

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Shmuel Galili ◽  
Hovav Ran ◽  
Evgenia Dor ◽  
Joseph Hershenhorn ◽  
Arye Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an ancient crop, mentioned in the Bible and in the Jerusalem Talmud. In the last 60 years, chickpea cultivation and breeding have undergone great advances. Those in cultivation have involved mainly changing the sowing dates and developing disease management for Ascochyta blight. In the last 10 years, to increase sowing areas, effort has been invested in developing agrotechniques for immature green chickpea harvesting. Today, breeding efforts are focused mainly on producing erect and high-yielding cultivars that are resistant to Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt. Moreover, in the last decade, breeding programs for early flowering have been initiated in the south of Israel, in areas with terminal drought, as well as for resistance to herbicides and the broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Thanks to all of these efforts, today chickpea is the major pulse crop in Israel.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Algė Leistrumaitė ◽  
Vanda Paplauskienė ◽  
Audronė Mašauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Extract Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions

Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania During the period 2004-2006, grain yield stability and malt quality characteristics of 47 spring barley varieties and 55 promising breeding lines from the collection of spring barley genetic resources were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). The growing conditions in 2004 were fairly normal compared with the long-term mean, and the years 2005 and 2006 were rather dry. The varieties and breeding lines tested showed from medium to high variation of grain > 2.5 mm yield (CV 11.5-34.3%) and medium variation of grain yield (CV 4.39-13.33%). However, high temperatures and drought in June of 2006 caused a low grain > 2.5 mm yield (by on average 55.0-67.8%). Promising breeding lines were characterised as having higher grain yield and extract output per ha compared with barley varieties. However, the data showed that grain grading 2.5 mm should be improved for the breeding lines. Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting barley quality traits in relation to weather conditions during the crop year, genotype properties for varieties and breeding lines, as well as the interactions of variety and weather conditions. The selection of lines promising in terms of grain yield, > 2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was based on their ability to realise the genetic potential in various growing conditions. The highest score in integral assessment of grain yield, grain > 2.5 mm yield and extract yield was identified for the varieties Tocada', Sebastian', Scarlett' and breeding lines: 7939-1, 7661-1, and 8080-4. The varieties and breeding lines that exhibited high grain stability, high grain quality and other agronomic traits were utilised in further breeding programmes.

A partial diallel study of powdery mildew resistance in six apple cultivars under three growing conditions with different disease pressures

Euphytica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. M. Bus ◽  
C. Ranatunga ◽  
P. A. Alspach ◽  
N. C. Oraguzie ◽  
C. Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Partial Diallel

AC Readymade and AC Tempest, selections from Redwin hard red winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Thomas ◽  
R. J. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Thomas, J. B. and Graf, R. J. 2012. AC Readymade and AC Tempest, selections from Redwin hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 355–361. AC Readymade and AC Tempest are hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars selected from the Montana cultivar ‘Redwin’ to conform to the kernel visual distinguishability requirements of the Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat class. AC Readymade and AC Tempest were registered in 1991 and 1999, respectively, following 3 yr of testing in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative registration trials relative to various checks including Winalta, Norstar, CDC Clair and CDC Osprey. The survival characteristics of these cultivars demonstrated that they were well-suited to the relatively mild winter climate of southern Alberta. In this region of the prairies, AC Tempest had 4% higher grain yield than AC Readymade and was not significantly different from the other checks except Winalta, which was lower yielding. Both cultivars displayed relatively late maturity, moderate height, exceptional straw strength, high test weight, large kernels, high grain protein content and moderate resistance to common bunt. AC Tempest had significantly higher flour yield than AC Readymade.

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