Effect of Banana Bunchy Top Virus on the Heat Shock Protein Genes of Pentalonia nigronervosa during Temperature Susceptibility and Its Effect on Virus Transmission

Acquisition of plant viruses is known to exert various effects on vectors’ developmental biology. Pentalonia nigronervosa is the only known vector of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), which is an economically detrimental virus infecting banana cultivars all over the world. In the present study, the developmental biology of viruliferous (Vr) and non-viruliferous (NVr) aphids was compared, with a marked reduction noted in the lifespan of aphids upon acquisition of BBTV. Among all the environmental parameters temperature is an important determinant of an insect’s abundance and geographical distribution. Temperature susceptibility of P. nigronervosa was scrutinized by comparing the mortality percentage and differential expression pattern of three heat shock proteins (Hsps; Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90) at the mRNA level between NVr and Vr aphids. After exposure to different temperature stress (5 °C, 15 °C, 38 °C and 25 °C as control) highest mortality of Vr aphids were recorded at 5 °C. Analysis of expression levels of Hsp genes using qPCR showed that both cold and heat shock treatment stimulated higher expression of the three Hsps at various rates in Vr than NVr aphids.. Finally, the effect of temperature stress on the BBTV titer level and their transmission by P.nigronervosa was determined by absolute quantification. The transmission efficiency along with the virus titer was found to be the lowest at 15 °C compared to 38 °C. Overall, our results provide a novel insight into the intricate interaction between aphid fitness and thermal stress concerning the acquisition and transmission of BBTV, which could be a roadmap for the future epidemiological control system.

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Effect of Temperature, Vector Life Stage, and Plant Access Period on Transmission of Banana bunchy top virus to Banana

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-98-6-0743 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 743-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

M. D. Anhalt ◽

R. P. P. Almeida

Keyword(s):

Life Stage ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Access Time ◽

Banana Bunchy Top Virus ◽

Access Period ◽

Pentalonia Nigronervosa ◽

The Relationship ◽

Transmission Biology

The study of the transmission biology of insect-borne plant viruses is important to develop disease control practices. We characterized the transmission of a nanovirus, Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), by its aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with respect to temperature, vector life stage, and plant access time. Adult aphids transmitted BBTV more efficiently than third instar nymphs at all temperatures tested. Adult aphids transmitted the virus more efficiently at 25 and 30°C than at 20°C, but temperature had no impact on transmission efficiency by nymphs. By decoupling the relationship between temperature and aphid BBTV acquisition or inoculation, we determined that temperature affected inoculation events more strongly than acquisition. Longer plant access periods increased viral acquisition and inoculation efficiencies in a range of 60 min to 24 h. Both BBTV acquisition and inoculation efficiencies peaked after 18 h of plant access period. We also show that BBTV transmission by P. nigronervosa requires a latent period. Our results demonstrate that vector transmission of BBTV is affected by temperature, vector life stage, and plant access period.

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The Effect of Temperature Stress on Hemodynamics: The Mechanisms of Cold Angina, Heat Shock, Tachycardia of Fever and Compensatory Hypertension

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.5336/medsci.2009-16609 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 341-349

Author(s):

Yıldırım ÇINAR ◽

Hakan DEMİRCİ ◽

Nilüfer KOSKU

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Effect Of Temperature

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The Effect of Temperature Stress on Development and Heat-shock Protein Expression in Larval Green Sturgeon (Acipenser mirostris)

Environmental Biology of Fishes ◽

10.1007/s10641-006-9070-z ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 79 (3-4) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Inge Werner ◽

Javier Linares-Casenave ◽

Joel P. Van Eenennaam ◽

Serge I. Doroshov

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Green Sturgeon ◽

Heat Shock Protein Expression

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Characterization of genes encoding small heat shock proteins from Bemisia tabaci and expression under thermal stress

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6992 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jing Bai ◽

Xiao-Na Liu ◽

Ming-Xing Lu ◽

Yu-Zhou Du

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Small Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Shock Proteins

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are probably the most diverse in structure and function among the various super-families of stress proteins, and they play essential roles in various biological processes. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), feeds in the phloem, transmits several plant viruses, and is an important pest on cotton, vegetables and ornamentals. In this research, we isolated and characterized three α-crystallin/sHSP family genes (Bthsp19.5, Bthsp19.2, and Bthsp21.3) from Bemisia tabaci. The three cDNAs encoded proteins of 171, 169, and 189 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 19.5, 19.2, and 21.3 kDa and isoelectric points of 6.1, 6.2, and 6.0, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the three genes showed strong similarity to sHSPs identified in Hemiptera and Thysanoptera insects species. All three sHSPs genes from Bemisia tabaci lacked introns. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the three BtsHSPs genes were significantly up-regulated in Bemisia tabaci adults and pupae during high temperature stress (39, 41, 43, and 45 °C) but not in response to cold temperature stress (−6, −8, −10, and −12 °C). The expression levels of Bthsp19.2 and Bthsp21.3 in pupae was higher than adults in response to heat stress, while the expression level of Bthsp19.5 in adults was higher than pupae. In conclusion, this research results show that the sHSP genes of Bemisia tabaci had shown differential expression changes under thermal stress.

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Tropism, compartmentalization and retention of banana bunchy top virus (Nanoviridae) in the aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.047308-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 209-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Shizu Watanabe ◽

Alberto Bressan

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Time Course ◽

Alimentary Tract ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Banana Bunchy Top Virus ◽

Aphid Vector ◽

The Family ◽

Aphid Vectors ◽

Pentalonia Nigronervosa ◽

Anterior Midgut

Plant viruses of the families Luteoviridae and Geminiviridae rely on hemipteran vectors for the infection of their hosts. Several lines of evidence have revealed that these viruses are transmitted by competent vectors in a circulative manner, involving entry into the vector’s body and the crossing of epithelial tissues forming the alimentary tract and the salivary glands. Similar to luteovirids and geminiviruses, a third family of plant viruses, the family Nanoviridae, have also been reported to be transmitted by aphids in a circulative manner. However, there is limited direct evidence of a possible path of translocation through the aphid vectors. Here, we used time-course experiments and transmission assays coupled with real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays on dissected tissues to examine the translocation, compartmentalization and retention of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) into the aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa. Our results indicate that BBTV translocates rapidly through the aphid vector; it is internalized into the anterior midgut in which it accumulates and is retained at concentrations higher than either the haemolymph or the principal salivary glands. Despite the large increase in viral concentration, we have failed to detect BBTV transcripts with RT-PCR. When tissues were not permeabilized, BBTV localized as distinct puncta in the proximity of the basal surface of the cells forming the anterior midgut and principal salivary glands, suggesting an on-going process of virion escape and internalization, respectively. Interestingly, we document that those organs can have direct contact within the aphid body, suggesting a possible haemolymph-independent translocation path.

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Impaired Temperature Stress Response of a Streptococcus thermophilus deoD Mutant

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.2.1287-1289.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 1287-1289 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mario Varcamonti ◽

Maria R. Graziano ◽

Romilde Pezzopane ◽

Gino Naclerio ◽

Slavica Arsenijevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Stress Response ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽

Wild Type ◽

Temperature Shock ◽

Dual Response ◽

Survival Capacity

ABSTRACT An insertional deoD mutant of Streptococcus thermophilus strain SFi39 had a reduced growth rate at 20°C and an enhanced survival capacity to heat shock compared to the wild type, indicating that the deoD product is involved in temperature shock adaptation. We report evidence that ppGpp is implicated in this dual response.

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