scholarly journals Laboratory and Greenhouse Evaluation of Melia volkensii Extracts for Potency against African Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas puncticollis, and Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Victor Jaoko ◽  
Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning ◽  
Simon Backx ◽  
Pierfrancesco Motti ◽  
Jackson Mulatya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Melia Volkensii ◽  
Cylas Puncticollis ◽  
Sweet Potato Weevil

The African sweet potato weevil, Cylas puncticollis, and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, are insect pests of economic importance that have a negative impact on sweet potato and maize production, respectively. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of Melia volkensii extracts to protect sweet potato and maize plants against damage by both insect pests. We evaluated extracts from the bark, leaves, pulp and nuts of Melia volkensii for antifeedant activity against C. puncticollis and S. exigua (used as a substitute for S. frugiperda), under laboratory conditions. Interestingly, extracts of all plant parts showed antifeedant activity. These results led us to investigate the effectiveness of nut and pulp extracts to protect sweet potato and maize crops in greenhouse conditions. Against C. puncticollis, the sweet potato plants treated with nut extracts showed the lowest tuber damage (18%) when compared to pulp extracts (30%), positive control (33%) and negative control (76%). Nut extracts, pulp extracts and positive control reduced maize leaf and whorl damage by S. frugiperda compared to the negative control. Altogether, this study highlights the potential of M. volkensii extracts and their application in integrated insect pest management

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Properties of Aqueous Crude Extracts of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda J.E Smith) on Maize Foliage (Zea Mays L.) Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p47
Author(s):  
Nyasha Sakadzo ◽  
Kasirai Makaza ◽  
Liberty Chikata
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L

Pesticidal plants offer valuable and sustainable options for managing Lepidopteran pests with considerable health, environmental and economic benefits in smallholder agro-ecosystem. This study Biopesticidal properties of aqueous crude extracts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith) on maize foliage (Zea mays L.) diets. Bio-efficacy of aqueous crude N. tabacum leaf extracts was evaluated under average room temperature at Great Zimbabwe University, Biology laboratory. The treatments were tobacco leaf extracts at four dosage levels (25 %, 33.33%, 41.67 % and 50% W/V ) and a negative control of untreated maize leaf foliage (distilled water) was used. A positive control of Carbaryl 85% WP was also used at label rates. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) replicated three times. Five larvae were placed into each of the experimental jars with maize foliage diets drenched into 10ml of distilled water in each treatment extract to keep the maize leaf foliage moist. Mortality for each treatment was recorded at 2 hourly intervals for 20 hours. Results showed that tobacco crude aqueous leaf extracts had Antifeedent activities against FAW larvae. The highest dose of 50% had significantly higher mean FAW larval mortalities (p< 0.05) than lower dosage (25%) and the negative control after 20 hours. However, 50% concentration was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the positive control and that of 33.33% and 41.67% dosages. The bioassay indicated that the 33.33% extract was superior in toxicity to 25% dose and the negative control but similar to higher extract doses though inferior to positive control. However, the mean mortality of 50% extract was not significantly different (p<0.05) from that of the positive control. This study recommends that 50% tobacco aqueous crude leaf extract dose to be used when controlling FAW in maize in the smallholder sector.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil and citral for Spodoptera frugiperda

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellison Rosario de Oliveira ◽  
Dejane Santos Alves ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Bárbara Maria Ribeiro Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Polyphagous Insect

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous insect responsible for damage to several crops. Synthetic chemical insecticides and genetically modified plants are the most commonly used methods for FAW control. However, the selection of resistant populations has been reported in several studies, justifying the search for new molecules to be used in the control of S. frugiperda. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil (LEO) and its major component (citral) in relation to FAW. Additionally, the anticholinesterase activity of LEO and citral was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Electrophorus electricus. The LEO was toxic to FAW when added to an artificial diet (LC50 = 1.35 mg mL-1) at the highest concentrations tested, and the median lethal time (LT50) was 18.85 h. Major components of LEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and citral, the most abundant component, was used in FAW bioassays. The insecticidal activity of citral was statistically similar to that of LEO, demonstrating that citral was responsible for the insecticidal activity of LEO. Inhibition of AChE was measured, and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for LEO and citral were 650- and 405-fold higher, respectively, than that verified for the positive control (methomyl insecticide), suggesting selectivity for non-target organisms. Based on these results, citral and C. flexuosus have the potential to be applied in the development of new products for the control of S. frugiperda.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMBINASI HERBAL DENGAN MINERAL ZINK TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM BROILER YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia coli

ZOOTEC ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
M. N. Regar ◽  
R. Mutia ◽  
S. D. Widhyari ◽  
Y. H. S. Kowel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Sweet Potato Leaves ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian kombinasi herbal dengan mineral zink dalam ransum broiler yang diinfeksi Escherichia coli (E. coli). Dua ratus ekor d.o.c (day old chick) dibagi secara acak ke dalam lima perlakuan, masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali sehingga terdapat 20 unit percobaan, setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 10 ekor d.o.c. Anak ayam percobaan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Ransum perlakuan terdiri dari R1 = Pakan basal/ ayamsehat (kontrolnegatif); R2 = Pakan basal/ ayamdiinfeksiE.coli (kontrolpositif); R3= Pakan basal + serbukkunyit 1.5% + ZnO 180 ppm/ ayamdiinfeksiE.coli; R4 = Pakan basal + serbukbawangputih 2.5% + ZnO 180 ppm/ ayamdiinfeksiE.coli; R5 = Pakan basal + antibiotik/ ayamdiinfeksiE.coli.Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Peubah yang diamati konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi kunyit 1.5% dengan ZnO 180 ppm dan kombinasi bawang putih 2.5% dengan zink 180 ppm dalam ransum mampu memperlihatkan performa yang lebih baik.Kata Kunci:Daun ubi jalar, Pertambahan berat badan, Konsumsi ransum, Konversi ransum, Ayambroiler.ABSTRACTTHE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTA-TION SWEET POTATO LEAVES MEAL (Ipomea batatas) ON BROILER PERFORMANCE.This experiment was conducted to study the combination of herbal with zink in poultry diet on the performance of Escherichia coli – challenged broiler. Two hundred d.o.c unsexed were devided into five treatments and four replications, with ten chicks in each replicates. The treatments were R1 (basal diet as a negative control/ healhty chickens), R2 (basal diet as a positive control/ Escherichia coli challenged), R3 (basal diet +1.5% turmeric powder + ZnO 180 ppm/ Escherichia coli challenged), R4 (basal diet + 2.5% garlic powder + ZnO 180 ppm/ Escherichia coli challenged), and R5 (basal diet + antibiotic/ Escherichia coli challenged). Data were collected during 35 days, diet and water were offered ad libitum. The results of this research indicated that chickens fed basal diet + 1.5% turmeric powder + ZnO 180 ppm/ challenged Escherichia coli and chickens fed basal diet + 2.5% garlic powder +ZnO 180 ppm/ challenged Escherichia coli showed performances better than control .Keywords: Sweet potato leaves, Body weight, Consumtion ration, Convertion ration, Broiler

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment with insecticides on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yago Barros Triboni ◽  
Luciano Del Bem Junior ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Matheus Mereb Negrisoli
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is one of the main insect pests in Brazil. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the seed treatment effect on the control of Spodoptera frugiperda in initial infestations of soybean crops. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates of six insecticide treatments applied through seed treatment: imidacloprid plus thiodicarb at the dose of 52.5 plus 105 g a.i. (active ingredient) 100 kg-1 of seed (Cropstar® 0.350 L 100 kg-1 of seed); thiamethoxam at 105 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Cruiser 350 FS® 0.3 L 100 kg-1 of seed); chlorantraniliprole at 62.5 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Dermacor® 0.1 L 100 kg-1 of seed); cyantraniliprole at 120 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Fortenza 600 FS® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed); fipronil plus pyraclostrobin and thiophanate-methyl 50 + 5 + 45 g a.i. 100 kg-1 of seed (Standak Top® 0.2 L 100 kg-1 of seed), and a control treatment. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole) presented the best results among all treatments, with lower consumption of the treated leaves by the caterpillars and greater control efficacy of this insect. We verified that seed treatment is a viable alternative for controlling S. frugiperda at the beginning of crop development, when the caterpillar presents the behavior of cutting the seedlings and/or the consumption of leaf area, causing a reduction in the plant population and a consequent yield loss.

scholarly journals Water in maize whorl enhances the control of Spodoptera frugiperda with insecticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Bialozor ◽  
Clérison Régis Perini ◽  
Jonas André Arnemann ◽  
Henrique Pozebon ◽  
Adriano Arrué Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is among the main insect-pests on maize crops, due to its damaging potential and control issues related to the larval habit of concealing itself within the plant whorl. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water in the maize whorl, combined with insecticides and spray sets, on the damage caused by S. frugiperda and the grain yield. The experiments were carried out under field conditions, at two cropping seasons, both with Bt-maize hybrids, in a 2 × 2 × 5 + 1 factorial scheme, testing the presence or absence of water inside the plant whorl, two insecticides and five spray sets (combinations of spray volumes, nozzle types, pressures and spraying speed), plus a control without water and insecticide. The presence of water inside the whorl reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda during the early growth stages, especially in the plants sprayed with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. The spray sets with 200 L ha1/20.3 psi or 250 L ha1/33.4 psi provided the highest reductions in the percentage of damaged plants and damage scores, regardless of the insecticide. Therefore, the spraying of insecticides, when there is water from irrigation, dew or rainfall inside the maize whorl, improves the control of S. frugiperda in maize crops, especially in Bt-maize.

Evaluation of Piper marginatum (Piperales: Piperaceae) Oil and Geraniol on the Embryonic Development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Comparison to Formulated Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina A Guedes ◽  
Valeria Wanderley Teixeira ◽  
Kamila A Dutra ◽  
Daniela M A F Navarro ◽  
Glaucilane S Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Semithin Sections ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Essential oils and their isolated constituents are constantly being studied for the control of insect pests. In this context, the present research reports the chemical composition of Piper marginatum (Jacq.) oil aiming to: 1) establish lethal concentrations LC30 and LC50 for this oil and the compound geraniol, 2) histologically examine the embryonic development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as 3) compare the efficacy of the P. marginatum oil with that of the botanical insecticide azadirachtin, the synthetic insecticide deltamethrin, and acetone as a negative control. Semithin sections of S. frugiperda eggs revealed that the oil, geraniol, azadirachtin, and deltamethrin affected embryonic development at both concentrations. However, geraniol and the oil were more efficient because they caused more significant damage, even at lower concentrations. SEM revealed that all products altered the morphology of the eggs, modifying the structure of the chorion and making the eggs nonviable. Thus, this work demonstrates that P. marginatum oil is effective in the control of S. frugiperda because it results in embryonic damage even at the lowest concentrations.

Effect of Triterpenoids and Limonoids Isolated from Cabralea canjerana and Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. F Sarria ◽  
Márcio S. Soares ◽  
Andréia P. Matos ◽  
João B. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo C. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Carapa Guianensis

The activities of two triterpenoids, ocotillone and cabraleadiol, and four limonoids, methyl angolensate, 3-β-deacetylfi ssinolide, 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, and β-photogedunin, isolated from arillus of Carapa guianensis and fruits and seeds of Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae), were evaluated against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Gedunin was used as a positive control. 7-Deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin and β-photogedunin reduced the pupal weight as occurred with gedunin. Cabraleadiol, 3-β-deacetylfi ssinolide, and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin prolonged the larval phase similar to the control (gedunin) of approximately 1.2 days at 50.0 mg kg-1. The highest insecticidal activity was obtained for β-photogedunin.

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