Top Photoselective Netting in Combination with Reduced Fertigation Results in Multi-Annual Yield Increase in Valencia Oranges (Citrus sinensis)

Fruit tree production is challenged by climate change, which is characterized by heat waves, warmer winters, increased storms, and recurrent droughts. The technology of top netting may provide a partial solution, as it alleviates climatic effects by microclimate manipulation. The tree physiological performance is improved under the nets, with an increased productivity and quality. The application of photoselective nets, which also alter the light spectrum, may result in additional horticultural improvements. We present the results of a 5-year experimental study on Valencia oranges, examining three nets: red, pearl, and transparent. Each net was tested at three fertigation conditions: a field standard (100%, I100) and two reduced fertigation regimes, which were 80% (I80) and 60% (I60) of the standard. The average multi-annual yield under the red and pearl nets with I100 and I80 and transparent net with I100 was significantly higher than that of the control trees. While the multi-annual yield increase under the red net I80 was due to the increase in the fruit number, in other treatments, the effect was mostly due to induction in the individual fruit weight. The data presented here show that an increased productivity of orange trees grown under photoselective nets, particularly the red net, with its specific spectral properties, was achieved with a considerable water-saving effect.

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A Statistical Approach to Improve Wafer Fabrication Yield

Electronic and Photonic Packaging, Electrical Systems Design and Photonics, and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1115/imece2002-39275 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Nael Barakat ◽

Hesham Enshasy

Keyword(s):

Statistical Approach ◽

Product Yield ◽

Wafer Fabrication ◽

Statistical Process ◽

Control Approach ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Cost Cutting ◽

Knowing That ◽

The Individual ◽

Industrial Problem

In spite of the recent advancements in wafer fabrication techniques, devices are still being individually checked and modified. This is due to the fact that the general manufacturing processes involved in wafer production have their inherent inconsistencies. As a consequence, individual devices show differences in characteristics that would render a big group of them operating out of the range of the pre-set spec limits. Therefore they would require types of modifications specific to the individual device. Knowing that the resources spent on checking and eliminating out-of-spec devices before they reach the customer are very significant, the manufacturing operation becomes hardly profitable. These wafers normally carry devices in the range of a thousand or so, making a statistical approach very attractive. In this paper, an actual industrial problem in wafer fabrication to the desired specifications is presented. The problem shows in passive filters built using Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) theory. A solution considering a statistical process control approach to the population of devices on the wafer is proposed. The results of applying this solution are realized in significant product yield increase, huge cost cutting, and automation promotion and application.

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Integration of geodetic observations and geological models for investigating the permanent component of land subsidence in the Po Delta (northern Italy)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3279 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eleonora Vitagliano ◽

Rosa Di Maio ◽

Chiara D'Ambrogi ◽

Domenico Calcaterra ◽

Simone Fiaschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Land Subsidence ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Process Selection ◽

Climatic Effects ◽

Consolidation Process ◽

Geological Models ◽

Physically Based ◽

Po Delta ◽

The Individual

<p>Defining land subsidence causes is not an easy task, because ground lowering is a complex phenomenon due to the contribution of different physical processes related to natural contest and to anthropic actions. Indeed, such processes, which are characterized by a specific origin and may act in different spatial and temporal intervals, can overlap giving rise to a single surface land deformation, observable through conventional and innovative monitoring techniques (i.e. high-precision levelling, InSAR and GNSS). Of course, discriminating the individual causes is fundamental for reducing environmental and social harms, especially in deltas and coastal areas, where land sinking, coupled with climatic effects, can induce massive flooding. The present work concerns an application of a multi-component and multi-source approach, recently proposed by some of the authors for studying land subsidence in deltas. Such a methodology is aimed at understanding the processes causing both periodic and permanent components of the vertical land movement and at retrieving more accurate subsidence rates. It consists of three steps, respectively involving: a component recognition phase, based on statistical and spectral analyses of geodetic time series; a source (or physical process) selection phase, based on the comparison with data of different nature; a source validation step, where the selected sources are validated through physically-based models. The proposed procedure has been applied to the permanent component of subsidence in the Po Delta (northern Italy), an area historically affected by land subsidence and influenced by climatic changes, where continuous GNSS data and differential InSAR-derived time series were simultaneously acquired from 2012 to 2017. In particular, the exponential relation found between the mean SAR-derived LOS velocity and the thickness of the Late Holocene prograding deposits, pointed out the key role of the sedimentary compaction process with respect to the spatial distribution of the subsidence rates and confirmed the importance, already highlighted by other authors, of the consolidation of the shallower strata. In order to validate the consolidation process and to quantify also the deeper contributions of tectonics- and isostasy-depending mechanisms, 2D geological models have been constructed along two west-east sections across the central part of the Delta. Finally, the computed subsidence rates have been compared with the geodetic velocities estimated in Taglio di Po and Porto Tolle villages (Rovigo, northern Italy), clarifying the contribution of each geological mechanism to the observed delta subsidence.</p>

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Yield Increase and Energy Saving Effect on Plastic Greenhouse Covered with Polyolefin Film

Protected horticulture and Plant Factory ◽

10.12791/ksbec.2020.29.4.428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 428-439

Author(s):

Jong Pil Moon ◽

Seok Ho Park ◽

Jin Gu Kim ◽

Jae Han Lee ◽

Youn Koo Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Saving Effect

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EFFECT OF IRRIGATION TREATMENTS AND TIME OF FOLIAR-APPLIED UREA ON YIELD OF NAVEL ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS L. OSBECK)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1112f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1112f-1112

Author(s):

Anwar G. Ali ◽

Carol J. Lovatt

Keyword(s):

Fruit Size ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

First Year ◽

Navel Orange ◽

Commercial Practice ◽

Irrigation Treatments ◽

The University ◽

Orange Trees ◽

Foliar Urea

This study investigated the effect of irrigation treatments and time of foliar applications of low-biuret urea on yield of 30-yr-old navel orange trees grown under optimal N fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California, Riverside, using split plot design with 12 replications. The two irrigation treatments were the mainplots and the urea applications were the subplots. Irrigation was withheld from one set of trees from October to March, the other set was irrigated according to commercial practice. Foliar-urea (0.17 kg/tree) was applied in November, December, January, or February.The results of the first year showed no significant differences between irrigation treatments with regard to total fruit weight or total number of fruit per tree, All trees receiving urea had significantly higher fruit weight and fruit number per tree than the control trees. The specific time of urea application had no significant effect.With respect to fruit size distribution, the irrigated treatment resulted in a significantly higher number of fruit of size 7.0-8.0 cm (box sizes 88-72). Generally, the non-irrigatd trees had more fruit of size 6.0 cm or less. No interaction between irrigation treatments and foliar urea sprays was observed.

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Carotenoids and Quality of Watermelon as Affected by Deficit Irrigation and Growing Season

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.803d ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 803D-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haejeen Bang* ◽

Daniel I. Leskovar ◽

Kilsun Yoo

Keyword(s):

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Growing Season ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Early Planting ◽

Total Carotenoid Content ◽

Triploid Watermelon ◽

Solids Content ◽

The Individual

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of deficit irrigation and growing season on fruit quality, carotenoid content and yield of red-, orange-, and yellow-fleshed diploid and triploid watermelon. Irrigation rates were 1.0 evapotranspiration (ET) and 0.5 ET. Diploid cultivars were Summer Flavor 710 (red), Tendersweet (orange), and Summer Gold (yellow). Triploid cultivars were Summer Sweet 5244 (red), Sunshine (orange), and Amarillo (yellow). Four-week old containerized transplants were planted in the field at TAES-Uvalde on 27 Mar. and 21 May 2003. Deficit irrigation imposed after plants were fully established reduced the individual fruit weight and size in the early planting. Soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness was not affected by irrigation rate in both plantings. SSC varied across cultivars and increased with maturity, particularly for the triploid cultivar Amarillo. In general, triploids were firmer than diploid cultivars. Total carotenoid content was not affected by irrigation during early planting. Diploid and triploid red-fleshed watermelon cultivars had significantly higher carotenoid content than orange- and yellow-fleshed cultivars. The major carotenoid was lycopene (more than 65%), followed by prolycopene (20%) and B-carotene (7%).

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Partial Defoliation Can Decrease Average Leaf Size but Has Little Effect on Orange Tree Growth, Fruit Yield and Juice Quality

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2011 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 2011-2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rongcai Yuan ◽

Fernando Alferez ◽

Igor Kostenyuk ◽

Shila Singh ◽

James P. Syvertsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Juice Quality ◽

Fruit Number ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Orange Trees

The effects of 2 consecutive years of annual defoliation during the harvest season on fruit size, yield, juice quality, leaf size and number were examined in trees of the midseason cultivar `Hamlin' and the late-season cultivar `Valencia' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.]. In `Hamlin', removal of up to 50% of the leaves in late November had no effect on fruit yield, fruit number, fruit size, soluble solids yield, juice °Brix, and °Brix to acid ratio of juice the following year. In `Valencia', removal of 50% of the leaves in late March decreased fruit yield and soluble solids yield but did not affect Brix or the Brix to acid ratio of the juice. Leaf size of new flush was reduced by removal of 50% of the leaves in both cultivars but there was little effect on total canopy size. There were no measured effects of removing 25% of leaves from tree canopies. Thus, canopy growth, fruit yield, fruit quality, and leaf size were not negatively impacted when annual defoliations did not exceed 25% of the total canopy leaf area in `Valencia' and `Hamlin' orange trees for two consecutive years. Overall, fruit weight increased linearly with increasing ratio of leaf area to fruit number, suggesting that fruit enlargement can be limited by leaf area.

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Genetic Variation in Early Growth and Bud Production among Natural Populations of Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.3.661 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 661-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Emerson ◽

John Frampton ◽

Steven E. McKeand

Keyword(s):

Natural Populations ◽

Christmas Tree ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Great Smoky Mountains ◽

Fraser Fir ◽

Seed Sources ◽

Tree Quality ◽

The Individual ◽

Source Site ◽

Tree Production

A series of open-pollinated progeny tests of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] was analyzed to determine natural variation among six geographic seed sources and to estimate genetic parameters for traits important in Christmas tree production. Highly significant differences were found among seed sources and families within sources (P ≤ 0.0001) for height after 4 years in the field. The individual-tree within-population heritability values for the traits measured in Year 4 ranged from 0 to 0.44, with height having the highest heritability, overall tree quality having a heritability of 0.14, and bud and branching traits having varying heritabilities. Heritability values for height at age 4 varied greatly among the six sources, from 0.15 for the Black Mountains to 0.67 for the Great Smoky Mountains. Highly significant seed source × site interactions as well as family within source × site interactions existed for height. Stability variance analysis, after removing the environmental heterogeneity, showed significant instability across the test sites for two of the six seed sources for height after 4 years, and some rank changes occurred. The high heritability values for height indicate that economically important genetic gains can be made in Fraser fir for Christmas tree production because of the importance of height in determining Christmas tree value.

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The Schmitter Problem and a Related Problem: A Partial Solution

Astin Bulletin ◽

10.2143/ast.21.1.2005406 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 133-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. Kaas

Keyword(s):

Ruin Probability ◽

The influence of global warming on natural disasters and their public health outcomes

American Journal of Disaster Medicine ◽

10.5055/ajdm.2007.0007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

James H. Diaz, MD, MPH-TM, DrPH

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Heat Stroke ◽

Health Impact ◽

Climatic Effects ◽

Cascading Effects

With a documented increase in average global surface temperatures of 0.6ºC since 1975, Earth now appears to be warming due to a variety of climatic effects, most notably the cascading effects of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities. There remains, however, no universal agreement on how rapidly, regionally, or asymmetrically the planet will warm or on the true impact of global warming on natural disasters and public health outcomes. Most reports to date of the public health impact of global warming have been anecdotal and retrospective in design and have focused on the increase in heat-stroke deaths following heat waves and on outbreaks of airborne and arthropod-borne diseases following tropical rains and flooding that resulted from fluctuations in ocean temperatures. The effects of global warming on rainfall and drought, tropical cyclone and tsunami activity, and tectonic and volcanic activity will have far-reaching public health effects not only on environmentally associated disease outbreaks but also on global food supplies and population movements. As a result of these and other recognized associations between climate change and public health consequences, many of which have been confounded by deficiencies in public health infrastructure and scientific debates over whether climate changes are spawned by atmospheric cycles or anthropogenic influences, the active responses to progressive climate change must include combinations of economic, environmental, legal, regulatory, and, most importantly, public health measures.

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CALCULATIONS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF OILS AND FATS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FISH OILS: PART I

Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries ◽

10.1139/f33-035 ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 507-529

Author(s):

F. CHARNLEY

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Special Reference ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Partial Solution ◽

Actual Data ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Total Iodine ◽

Iodine Values ◽

The Individual

Equations relating total iodine values and equivalents of mixtures of esters of the fatty acids to those of the individual esters are given. Together with a knowledge of the percentages of saturated esters these equations enable the composition of simple mixtures (refractionations of the lower-boiling fractions) to be deduced from the iodine values and equivalents. In the case of the more highly unsaturated fractions where the data are not sufficient to lead to an estimate of the amounts of the individual esters in the mixture, a partial solution has been given by grouping the esters according to carbon content and calculating the average unsaturations of these groups. The computations are illustrated with data taken from a paper by Guha, Hilditch and Lovern, the results being expressed in percentages by weight, but for the sake of completeness the method of calculating molecular percentages is also illustrated. Also a method of correcting the data of the lower-boiling fractions is suggested and by means of actual data the effect of errors in the data on the estimated composition of a fraction is shown.

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