scholarly journals Bases for the Establishment of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) as a New Crop for Colombia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2550
Author(s):  
Luis F. Campuzano-Duque ◽  
Juan Carlos Herrera ◽  
Claire Ged ◽  
Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
New Crop

Robusta coffee (C. canephora) covers 36% of world coffee production and has strategic relevance as a beverage that it is produced by thousands of small-scale producers around the world. Although mainly grown in Africa and Asia as opposed to Latin America, this situation is changing. Colombia is recognized as a producer of high-quality Arabica (C. arabica L.) coffee, however we argue that Robusta represents a great economic opportunity for small scale producers, for the industrialization of new products and for emerging coffee chains. Therefore, the objective of this review is to outline the agronomic value of Robusta coffee as a “new crop” in Colombia. As background we compare the better-known Arabica to the Robusta coffees from a Latin American perspective. Robusta shows differences in geographical distribution, genetics, originating species, physiology and phenology. Robusta and Arabica also differ in their chemistry, sensory attributes, industrial use, segments of market and price. Despite the marked differences between the two coffees, the popularity and consumption of Robusta has been on the increase due to the expansion of markets in emerging economies and in developed markers for home espresso preparation where it is used in high quality coffee blends. Robusta is currently replacing areas of other coffees due to hotter temperatures to which it is adapted. Although Robusta is still new to Colombia, this species has potential adaptation in lowland areas considered “non-traditional” for Colombian coffee cultivation and as a valuable component of agro-ecological production systems. Robusta is a novel crop option for certain regions that is needed for the future of coffee in Latin America and for growth of coffee production and consumption in Colombia.

Development of National Broadband Plans in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Garcia-Zaballos ◽  
Paul Garnett ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Hector Urrea Ayala ◽  
Pau Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
General Lack ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Evaluation Programs ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

All governments in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region should have a national broadband plan (NBP) as a key pillar for any digital agenda. Most countries have adopted them; however, most plans are outdated and, in general, lack clear, ambitious, and achievable policy-related commitments and quantifiable targets. Many also lack effective monitoring and evaluation programs. This publication details the benefits of and proposes a framework for NBPs in the region. As the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development has pointed out, a well-formed national broadband plan is a countrys blueprint for addressing and reducing digital inequality. In addition, in its latest Affordability Report, the Alliance for Affordable Internet details the linkage between high-quality national broadband plans and progress toward affordability.

The tension between global GHG emissions of animal source foods, sustainability, and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (057) ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Gutiérrez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract The livestock sector faces an important challenge in the medium and long term since it must satisfy an increasing demand for animal products as a result of the increase in population and the world economy but safeguarding natural resources and at the same time minimizing the environmental contamination, especially the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributed to livestock husbandry. For Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), this becomes more relevant given the importance of the sector for the food security of rural communities, particularly for small-scale producers. In this manuscript, we address the main challenges of LAC in this context, from a global perspective that includes the demographic, economic, cultural, and environmental effects. The biggest global challenge for the LAC livestock sector for the coming decades is how to satisfy the growing human demand for animal protein in a sustainable way maintaining the food security of their communities. The efforts to achieve these goals require focusing on improving the efficiency of both animal husbandry and production systems. Therefore, it is necessary to implement technologies of sustainable intensification and it is urgent that those who make political decisions become aware of these issues.

Social Movements in Latin America: Paradigms, People, and Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Munck
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Power And Resistance ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Social movements in Latin America have always attracted attention, but there is no agreed-upon paradigm, certainly not one accepted in Latin America. A review from a Latin American perspective of the strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical paradigms used to understand these movements suggests a revitalized paradigm that foregrounds the agency of people and, above all, brings politics back in. A proposed new, poststructuralist Marxist frame for research on both theory and practice puts a Foucauldian emphasis on the dissoluble links between power and resistance and a Laclau-inspired emphasis on the national-popular. Aunque los movimientos sociales en América Latina siempre han llamado la atención, no hay un paradigma acordado; ciertamente, no uno que se acepte en la región. Un análisis desde una perspectiva latinoamericana de las fortalezas y debilidades de los paradigmas teóricos utilizados para entender estos movimientos sugiere un marco revitalizado que pone en primer plano la agencia de las personas y, sobre todo, recupera el tema de la política. El nuevo paradigma marxista postestructuralista aquí propuesto para la investigación tanto teórica como práctica pone un énfasis foucauldiano en los vínculos disolubles entre el poder y la resistencia, así como un énfasis en lo nacional y popular inspirado por Laclau.

scholarly journals Applying the 2019 EULAR/ACR lupus criteria to patients from an established cohort: a Latin American perspective

RMD Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e001097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo J Pons-Estel ◽  
Manuel Francisco Ugarte-Gil ◽  
Guillermina B Harvey ◽  
Daniel Wojdyla ◽  
Rosana Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Acr Criteria ◽  
European League Against Rheumatism

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) criteria in terms of earlier patients’ classification in comparison to the 1982/1997 ACR or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria.Materials and methodsPatients from a Latin America, multiethnic, multicentre cohort, where SLE was defined using the physicians’ diagnosis, were included. To calculate the sensitivity of the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria, the 1982/1997 ACR criteria were considered the gold standard. Additionally, comparison of the 1982/1997 ACR criteria and the 2012 SLICC criteria with the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria was performed.ResultsThe sensitivity of the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria when compared with the 1982/1997 ACR criteria as the gold standard was 91.3%. This new set of criteria allowed an earlier SLE patient classification in 7.4% (mean 0.67 years) and 0.6% (mean 1.47 years) than the 1982/1997 ACR and the 2012 SLICC criteria, respectively. Patients accruing the 2019 EULAR/ACR earlier than the 1982/1997 ACR criteria were more likely to have high anti-dsDNA titres; those accruing them later were less likely to have mucocutaneous and joint manifestations; this was not observed when comparing them with the 2012 SLICC criteria.ConclusionsThe 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria classified earlier only a small proportion of Latin America patients than with the two other criteria sets in real-life clinical practice scenarios. Further studies in different patient populations are needed before these new criteria are adopted worldwide.

Conflicting Visions of Jonah – or Rather Diversity?

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Mercedes García Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Self ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Congregational Life ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
Sufficient Space

AbstractIn conversation with a proposal that the book of Jonah was written as a reaction to the two apparently contradictory wisdom sayings of Proverbs 13:21 and Psalm 25:8, this paper reviews the book of Jonah in light of the two maxims from a Latin American perspective. Noting the element of surprise throughout the book, the author gives a contextual interpretation to the change of Jonah's appearance from dove (a passive character) to wolf (an enraged character) willing to die rather than witness God's mercy. As a missionary concern, the author parallels the anger of "Christian continent" (Latin America) against God's mercy for "outsiders" and the continent's self-righteousness with Jonah's enraged character. The self-righteousness is so strong that churches and congregations would rather die than open God's grace to others (Jonah 4). The paper concludes by stating that gender studies have alerted us to the danger of employing either/or (rather than both/and) and hierarchical (rather than egalitarian) categories and interpretations that do not leave sufficient space for diversity, both in the biblical text and in congregational life today.

World visions in dispute in contemporary Latin America: development x harmonic life

Organization ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ceci Misoczky
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The World

The aim of this article paper is to offer a Latin-American perspective on the field of post-colonial studies. Following the modernity/coloniality/de-coloniality approach it is possible to recognize how the complicity between modernity and rationality has worked to homogenize knowledge throughout this part of the world. Such an approach makes it possible to reflect on how this process towards homogeneity has been resisted, as seen in the current indigenous struggles against extractive development policies. These struggles show that the various critiques of development need to be articulated and renewed in order to account for processes such as these, incorporating multiple scales perspectives and knowledge produced from the epistemic colonial difference. The critique of managerialism also needs further developments to account for the new roles of management in contexts of open conflict. It is defended that the re-consideration of Marxist Theory of Dependency could enrich the way we understand global capitalism and that at least part of OS could be liberated from the hegemony of management, opening possibilities for multiple interdisciplinary and intercultural dialogues.

scholarly journals Langdon Winner’s Intellectual Trajectory and Political Engagement: A Latin-American Perspective from Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
María Belén Albornoz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Social Studies Of Science ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Virtual Conference

In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This response to Winner’s Bernal lecture considers his legacy beyond the US. The author traces Winner’s influence in Ecuador and Latin America more generally through a tracing back of Winner's politea which draws on Plato’s technē as a model for understanding inherently political artifacts.

scholarly journals The Modern Way to Menstruate in Latin America: Consolidation and Fractures in the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 813-831
Author(s):  
Eugenia Tarzibachi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Mainstream Culture

Abstract The introduction of commercialized disposable pads and tampons during the twentieth century changed the experience of the menstrual body in many (but not all) countries of the world. From a Latin-American perspective, this new way to menstruate was also understood to be a sign of modernization. In this chapter, Tarzibachi describes and analyzes how the dissemination and proliferation of disposable pads and tampons have unfolded first in the United States and later in Latin America, with a particular focus on Argentina. She pays particular attention to how the Femcare industry shaped the meanings of the menstrual body through discourses circulated in advertisements and educational materials. Tarzibachi explores how the contemporary meanings of menstruation are contested globally, as the traditional Femcare industry shifts its rhetoric in response to challenges from new menstrual management technologies, new forms of menstrual activism, and the increasing visibility of menstruation in mainstream culture.

Populism from a Latin American Perspective

Populism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Taekyoon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
American Perspective

Abstract Discourses on contemporary populism owe much to the populism of the mid-20th century’s Latin America. From a Latin American perspective, the current paper critically reviews Dunn’s and Han’s papers on populism. These two papers are not quite directly comparable in their arguments because their analyses have discrete focuses and levels. Still, Dunn’s argument reasonably reflects the cases of the West whereas Han’s explains the Korean case quite effectively. One question that emerges from their discussion on populism is how generalizable their arguments are beyond the specific cases. From the perspective of Latin America, Dunn’s and Han’s arguments seem to have limited implications for understanding classical populism and contemporary neopopulism in Latin America though they provide insightful thoughts to rethink the political economy of the region with.

Argentina’s G20 Presidency Implications for the G20–Africa Partnership

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Jumat
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Global South ◽  
African Continent ◽  
American Perspective

The Institute for Global Dialogue, in partnership with Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) hosted a seminar at the Burgers Park Hotel in Pretoria on July 3, 2018, on the theme “Argentina’s G20 Presidency: Implications for the Africa–G20 Partnership.” The seminar sought to situate Argentina’s G20 presidency in the context of Latin America, and specifically its relations with the African continent. How will Argentina’s presidency frame Latin American–African relations in the context of the G20 partnership with Africa? How can African stakeholders utilise Argentinian priorities to achieve their own development priorities? Will Argentina position itself as a key actor in bringing a cohesive Latin American perspective to the G20? In light of Buenos Aires’ significance for South-South cooperation, what opportunities exist for advancing the interests of the Global South?

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