Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties and Seed Pre-Treatments Affect Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings

Seed germination and seedling growth are two essential early determinants of subsequent crop yield and quality. A high germination percentage of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed is required to import into Australia. The viability of hemp seed can decline rapidly depending on storage and other factors; hence, the quality of imported seed is not always reliable. Here, we aimed to investigate germination and early seedling growth responses of 14 industrial hemp varieties after being imported from various countries. Germination trials were conducted with 100 seeds of 14 varieties using a soil-less Petri dish assay and a compost growth medium under glasshouse conditions. We also assessed the effect of seed pre-treatments such as gibberellic acid (500 and 1000 mg·L−1), chlorine dioxide (500 and 1000 mg·L−1) and cold temperature (4 °C for 72 h) using 300 seeds of each of the three selected varieties in compost growth medium. Hemp varieties imported from China had higher germination and better seedling growth indices than those imported from Europe. All seed pre-treatments were associated with a decreasing trend in germination, but a positive effect on early growth responses was observed. Our findings indicate that the hemp variety Han FNQ performed better than many other varieties did regarding seed germination and seedling growth. Hemp seeds sanitising with 500 mg·L−1 of chlorine dioxide might improve the germination and early growth of seedlings.

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Two-Hour Magneto-Priming with Static Magnetic Fields Ranging from 65 ± 3 to 505 ± 8 mT Does Not Improve the Germination Percentage of Industrial Hemp Seed at a Sub-Optimal Germination Temperature

J ◽

10.3390/j1010017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 192-196

Author(s):

Kathrin Spendier

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Hemp Seed ◽

Static Magnetic Fields ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

The U.S

Industrial hemp is a non-psychoactive variety of Cannabis sativa L., i.e., it contains less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinols (THC). This crop is one of historical importance in the U.S. as manufacturers seek industrial hemp as a renewable and sustainable resource for a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. To help farmers succeed, agronomic research on industrial hemp is needed. In this trial, investigations were performed to determine whether magneto-priming, a form of seed priming that involves magnetic fields, effects the germination percentage of industrial hemp seed. Beneficial effects of magnetic fields on seedling growths and germination have been reported for many different plant species. Dry industrial hemp seed was exposed to static magnetic fields ranging from 65 ± 3 to 505 ± 8 mT for 2 h prior to seed germination. Germination was performed at 13.6 ± 0.7 °C, a temperature that is representative of the germination temperatures of industrial hemp in the U.S. state of Colorado. Magneto-priming of seed had no statistically significant effect on seed germination percentage.

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Seed Germination and Early Growth Responses to Seed Pre-treatment by Non-thermal Plasma in Hemp Cultivars (Cannabis sativa L.)

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing ◽

10.1007/s11090-016-9763-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 207-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

B. Sera ◽

M. Sery ◽

B. Gavril ◽

I. Gajdova

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Thermal Plasma ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Non Thermal Plasma ◽

Pre Treatment

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The differential effect of synthetic growth substances and other compounds upon plant species II. Seed germination and early growth responses to some arylcarbamic esters and related compounds

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1946.0025 ◽

1946 ◽

Vol 133 (873) ◽

pp. 480-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Differential Effect ◽

Marked Effect ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Substances ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Dicotyledonous Plants ◽

Related Compounds ◽

Synthetic Growth

The preparation and biological examination of a number of arylcarbamic esters (arylurethanes) are described. The experiments demonstrate the marked effect of iso propyl phenylcarbamate and some related compounds in very low concentrations upon the germination and seedling growth of cereals. The absence of effect of the same compounds in similar concentrations upon some dicotyledonous plants is noted.

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Studies on Veratrum. II. Veratrum Eschscholtzii A. Gray; Observations on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings of Veratrum Species

Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed ) ◽

10.1002/jps.3030420112 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heber W. Youngken

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

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Studies on the Environmental Factors Affecting the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Several Pasture Species : 1. Effect of light intensity on the growth of seedlings of some grasses and legumes

Japanese Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.1626/jcs.27.111 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masao HOSHINO ◽

Naosuku MORIYA ◽

Jugo IKEDA ◽

Fumie MATSUMOTO

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Effect Of Light

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Elucidation of seed dormancy and phytohormones by germination after exogenous foliage whey application

Journal of Plant Stress Physiology ◽

10.25081/jpsp.2019.v5.3766 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 08-14

Author(s):

Jadhav Rajesh K, Pranay Mulam, Khot Vidhesh

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Paper Towel ◽

Leguminous Seeds ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Leaf Juice

A study was conducted with an aim of achieving 100% seed germination and to evaluate the rate of dormancy upon exogenous application of the deproteinised leaf juice (DPJ) in various leguminous and non leguminous seeds. DPJ if inducing retardation of dormancy, the activity of enzyme was analysed to prove the presence of phytohormones. DPJ from the three non leguminous foliages of brinjal, radddish and dasheen were prepared by green crop fractionation. The seed germination results obtained by the paper towel method and the activity of enzyme protease in DPJ of radish and Colocasia leaves separately. There was variation in germination rate by different DPJ influence. Some seeds showed fast germination while some germinated late. Few seeds were not germinated by control. In some seeds, DPJ decreased the rate of germination while on the contrary there was rapid growth of seedlings by the potentiality of DPJ. DPJ found mutagenic by its influencing inhibitory expression in seedling growth in some cases. The enzyme protease released by phytohormone gibberellin during the seed germination. Positive glyoxlic test indicated presence of auxins in whey.

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Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Regulation of Gibberellin and the Establishment of Photosynthetic System Promote Rapid Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedling in Pearl Millet

10.21203/rs.3.rs-125050/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bingchao Wu ◽

Min Sun ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

Dan Yang ◽

Chuang Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Early Growth ◽

High Yield ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Key Genes ◽

Pearl Millet Seeds

Abstract Background：Seed germination is the most important stage for the formation of a new plant. This process starts when the dry seeds begin to absorb water and ends when the radicles sticks out. The germination rate of different plant seeds varies differently. Most energy plants that usually grow on marginal land, the rapid germination of seeds is more conducive to its superiority in competition with surrounding plants, which is also the guarantee of normal plant development and high yield. Pearl millet is an important cereal crop that shares widespread applications in the world. It has the advantages of fast growth, high yield, and low maintenance cost. It can also be used to extract bioethanol to solve the increasingly prominent energy problems. Previous germination experiments are the evidence of very fast seed germination rate of pearl millet, but the molecular mechanisms behind it is still unclear.Results: Through the germination test and the measurement of the germs and radicles length of the seedlings, we found that pearl millet seeds germinated very quickly after 24 hours of swelling of the dry seeds. By using transcriptome sequencing technology, we characterized the gene expression patterns of dry seeds, water imbibed seeds, germs and radicles of seedlings, and found the more DEGs in radicles than germs. Further analysis showed that different genome clusters function specifically at different tissues and time periods. WGCNA and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that that many genes that positively regulate plant growth and development are highly enriched and expressed, especially the gibberellin signaling pathway that can promote seed germination. We speculated that the activation of these key genes promotes the germination of pearl millet seeds and the growth of seedlings. To verify this inference, we measured the content of the main effect hormone gibberellin and found that the gibberellin content after seed imbibition rose sharply and remained at a high level.Conclusions：This study explored the expression patterns of genes involved in pearl millet growth from the germination of dry seeds to the early growth stages. Also identifies the key genes involved in the regulation of seed germination and seedling growth. The activation of key genes in these pathways may contribute to the rapid germination and growth of seeds and seedlings in pearl millet. These results provide new insights to solve the problem for the plants with slow seed germination and seedling growth.

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Cotyledon integrity on Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) brenan (fabaceae - mimosoideae) germination and early establishment

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602010000200015 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 227-264

Author(s):

Hisaias de Souza Almeida ◽

Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga ◽

Helaine de Sousa ◽

Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes ◽

Henrique Nery Cipriani

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Early Growth ◽

Forest Species ◽

Growth Reduction ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Early Establishment

Despite the major ecological and economical relevance of forest species, little is known about their seedling establishment and seed germination, as well as the damage effects to seeds at these stages. This work aimed to assess the effects of partial cotyledon loss on the seed germination and early seedling establishment of Anadenanthera colubrina. Therefore, whole (control) and split seeds (with ¹/8, ¹/4, and ½ of their size cut) were evaluated. The seeds were then germinated and the early growth of seedlings was assessed. The treatments had no effect on seed germination, however, they influenced seedling survival and establishment. The highest mortality and growth reduction values were obtained with the most severe cotyledon removal. This indicates that the tegument and the partial cotyledon loss do not represent a barrier against seed germination. However, considerable damages may be detrimental to establishment and survival of A. colubrina seedlings.

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LOW-TEMPERATURE GROWTH RESPONSES OF THE TOMATO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps68-050 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 281-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. A. Kemp

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Growth Phases ◽

Night Temperature ◽

Temperature Growth

The effects of low temperatures on several growth phases of the tomato were studied. The tests, each conducted over a 2-week period, included seed germination at 8.5 °C, rate of seedling growth at a night temperature of 10 °C, root and top growth of plants in soil at 15 °C, and fruit set at a night temperature of 4.5 °C.Varietal response to growth rate at low temperatures differed in all phases studied, and varieties that performed well in some phases did not always perform well in others. Of the varieties studied, six grew well under most of the low-temperature conditions. These were: Earlinorth, Bonita, Azerbidzivisky, P.I. 205040, P.I. 280597, and Cold Set.

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